英语语音音标.ppt

英语语音基础知识,一、关于语音的几个概念 1)字母(26个)：语言的书写形式。 元音字母：a, e, i(y), o, u, 辅音字母: c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z 2)音标：词的语音形式。记载音素的符号，可写在 中，或写在/中，如 name: /neim /。 3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。 4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。 ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand,5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍； 是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。 6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍； 不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。 7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e 如 name, bike; b) 辅音+元音 如 he, go, hi 8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it 9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。,1.元音： i: i E: E u: u e Q O: O V a: ei ai Oi Eu au iE CE uE 2.辅音： 轻辅音：p t k f T s S tS ts tr h浊辅音：b d g v D z Z dZ dz dr r 鼻辅音：m n N 舌边音：l 半元音：w j,二、元音 (注意:下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标) 1) i: sea, he, see, piece, believe 2) i sit, build, miss, myth 3) e bed, desk, head, 4) æ bad, land, bank, stamp 5) A: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt 6) u: food, who, blue, soup, 7) u look, put, woman, could,8) O: door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught 9) O hot, want, box 10) V cup, come, blood, rough 11) E: girl, work, serve, nurse 12) E cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday 13) ei cake, they, play, eight, great, 14) ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye,15) u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow 16) au house, town 17) Oi boy, oil, loyal 18) iE ear dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, 19) CE bear pear, care, there, fair 20) uE tour, poor,三、容易混淆的元音 1) e bed, men, pen, lend æ bad, man, pan, land, cat, hat, bat 2) i: tea, mean, read , greet ei rail, great, main, raid 3) e bet, red, said, head ai bite, write, side, hide 4) au house, loud, south, now, count, cloud O: horse, lord, sauce, nor, corn, clause 5) au found, gown, down fund, mother, done,四、 辅音 1) p pen, 2) b bed, comb 3) t tell, want, student, moment 4) d day, played, word 5) k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, 6) g big, go, guess, language 7) m man, mother,climb 8) n nine, knife, down, town 9) N bank, uncle, English, sing, 10) l land, world, little, lesson,11)r read, write, 12)f five, cough, laugh 13)v voice, of 14)T think, thank, three, thin, 15)D this , bathe 16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf 17)z zoo, close, 18)S sure, she, social, nation, machine, 19)Z pleasure, usually, treasure 20)h hot, who, hour,21)w wall, what, we 22)j yes, yesterday, yellow, 23)tS child, teach, catch 24)dZ joke, bridge, page, large 25)ts boats , students 26)dz goods , finds, minds 27)tr tree, treat, true, introduce, 28)dr dream, drive,五、容易混淆的辅音 1) v vet, vest, vine, very w wet, west, wine, well 2) s sink, sort, miss, mass T think, thought, myth, math 3) z closing, breeze, bays D clothing, breathe, bathes 4) n thin sin ban win ran N thing; sing; bang wing; rang,六、读音规则 一、元音字母在开音节中的读字母名称音 a ei e i: i/y AI o EU u JU: name neim plane plein take teik baby ' beibi late leit safe seif she Si: these Di:z we Wi: eve i:v theme Ti:M be Bi: bike baik fly flai drive draiv time taim nice nais kite kait type taip spy spai,六、读音规则 (一)元音字母在开音节中的读字母名称音 a ei e i: i AI o EU u JU: those DEUz close klEUz go gEU home hEUm toe tEU no nEU cute kJU:t huge hJU:dZ tube tJU:b mule mJU:l student ' stJU:dEnt use JU:z ,六、读音规则 1.元音字母在开音节中的例外音： a ei e i: i AI o EU u JU: have hQv give giv live liv move mu:v shoe Su: come cVm some sVM who hu: 2. o在n, v, th前面时，读作V brother ' BRVDE mother ' MVDE love lVv glove glVv one WVn son sVn 3. u在辅音字母 l, r, j后时，读作u: blue blu: june dZu:n rule ru:l true tru: truth tru:T,在字母组合ance, and和ant中a读A: anceA:ns, andA:nd, antA:nt 如 chance, dance, ad'vance, France 但是entrance 'entrEns de'mand, com'mand, plant, want,在字母组合ation读'eiSEn 如且单词重音在ei 上。 如：nation, explanation, education, population, examination, celebration, congratulation, pronunciation.,字母组合sion一般读SEn，但在元音字母后读ZEn 上。 如： discussion, tension, permission, emission, mission, impression, passion progression decision, conclusion, television, revision, persuasion, explosion,七、 特殊读音 1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all 2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?,六、读音规则 1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句) 2)非重读音节 banana, student, today, after, i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday,八、 重音 1)单词重音 A)双音节词 a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前 缀的词，第二个音节是重音。 about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim, translate conduct; present present; content, content,c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。 record, record; insult, insult; conduct, d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。 outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war,B)多音节词 a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。 A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重,B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。 C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be. D) 实词不重读的特殊情况 a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a child thinks. b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰 I met her in the railway station. c) 代替词 Which book do you want? The small one.,d) 感叹词中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is! e) street 在专有名词中 Wangfujing Street. f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening E)虚词重读的特殊情况 a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。 Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I dont like you. He isnt a worker. b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。 They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.,c) 介词在句首和句尾。 In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with. d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。 If you wish, Ill visit you. When he comes, Ill tell him. e)反身代词表示强调。 He couldnt come himself.,一、英语的基本拼读规则 1元音字母a及其字母组合的读音（见表1.1）,Life is a Journey From the hell to the heaven, Theres no straight way to walk. Sometimes up, sometimes down. Hope creates a heaven for us, Despair makes a hell for us.,Some choices are waiting for me, Which one on earth is better? No God in the world can help me, Choosing is the byname of freedom, Different choice makes different future.,Its stupid to put eyes on others. I have to make up my own mind, Going my way to the destination. Facing success or failure, Its no need to care too much. Only if Ive tried my best, Its enough for my simple life,