华北地区小麦-玉米两熟制免耕玉米田杂草治理技术1.pdf

China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 华北地区小麦玉米两熟制免耕玉米田 杂草治理技术 华北地区小麦玉米两熟制免耕玉米田 杂草治理技术 李香菊研究员李香菊研究员 Li XiangjuWeed Scientist 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 Institute of Plant Protection, CAAS, Beijing,100094 WM in No-tillage Corn in Wheat-corn Double Cropping System in North China 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 目的和意义目的和意义 保护性耕作免耕 少耕、秸秆覆盖、 化学除草 保护性耕作免耕 少耕、秸秆覆盖、 化学除草 保持水土、增加肥 力、保护环境 保持水土、增加肥 力、保护环境 华北地区广泛采用 夏玉米免耕 华北地区广泛采用 夏玉米免耕 Conservation tillageno- till/reduced tillage,straw mulching, chemical weed control Reduce erosion, improve soil fertility, conserve energy, protect environment Widely adopted by farmers in North China in summer corn 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 北京小汤山北京小汤山 Xiaotangshan, Beijing 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 山西临汾山西临汾Linfen, Shanxi 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 河北石家庄河北石家庄 Shijiazhuang, Hebei 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 冬小麦下茬夏玉米冬小麦下茬夏玉米 麦田的杂草仍然危害 玉米生长 麦田的杂草仍然危害 玉米生长 高温、高湿、劳力紧张高温、高湿、劳力紧张 玉米减产1030玉米减产1030 莠、乙药效不理想莠、乙药效不理想 烟嘧磺隆处理成本较高烟嘧磺隆处理成本较高 急需研究适合除草措施急需研究适合除草措施 杂草控制是免耕玉米田的难题杂草控制是免耕玉米田的难题 Corn planted in early June， wheat in early Oct. Weeds emerged in wheat field remain in the corn and reduce corn yield High temperature and the heavy rainfall Hand weeding very difficult Corn yield is reduced by 10% to 30% accordingly Atrazine plus Acetochlar worse control efficacy Nicosulfuron high cost 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 主要研究结果主要研究结果 Main results 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net 7.730株/m玉米出苗前草密度30株/m2 2 Wed emerged in wheat continued growing in corn without tillage Weed density related with precipitation Weed density above 30p/m2before corn emerge 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 麦秸覆盖与除草剂相结合在免耕玉米田的效果麦秸覆盖与除草剂相结合在免耕玉米田的效果 Wheat straw mulching and weed density Weed control efficacy increased as mulching rate increasing The appropriate winter wheat straw mulching rate was 45006000kg/h considering both weed control efficacy and corn yield Higher mulching rate would cause the worse corn emergence and weak seedlings that decreased the corn yield 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 015003000450060007500 m ulching w eight (kg/ha) weed density (plnts 2 ) 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 麦秸覆盖控制杂草的原因麦秸覆盖控制杂草的原因Reasons ? ?Physical shading effect ? ?Allelopathic effect ?小麦秸秆对杂草出苗的 物理阻碍 小麦秸秆对杂草出苗的 物理阻碍 ? ?麦秸对杂草的化感作用麦秸对杂草的化感作用 crabgrass 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net Wheat straw 7500kg/ha +Nicosulfuron 0.5*normal rate Wheat straw 4500kg/ha +Nicosulfuron 0.75*normal rate Wheat straw 7500kg/ha +Nicosulfuron0.5*normal rate The combination effect of wheat straw mulching and herbicide spot application Untreated 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net China-Canada Conservation Agriculture Forum 增加小麦播种密度与杂草控制增加小麦播种密度与杂草控制 Wheat seeding rate on weed competition ?Weed density and biomass were decreased as wheat seeding rate increasing ? ? Cultivars with more tiller had stronger competition ability ?随着小麦播种量的增 加杂草出苗数量减少 作物的竞争 ? 分蘖力强的品种控制 杂草能力较强 随着小麦播种量的增 加杂草出苗数量减少 作物的竞争 ? 分蘖力强的品种控制 杂草能力较强 食品伙伴网http:/www.foodmate.net