美国文学史-立国神话-简版.ppt
An Introductory Course on American Studies Lecture 2: The American Founding Myth and the Puritan Spirit,Age of “Discovery”,1462: Portuguese settlement on Cape Verde Is. 1488: Bartholomew Diaz rounds Cape of Good Hope 1492: Columbus reaches America 1497: John Cabot explores North American coast 1498: Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea 1500: Pedro Cabral explores Brazil 1513: Balboa crosses Panama to discover the Pacific 1519-21: Hernando Cortez conquers Mexico 1519-22: Magellan circumnavigates the globe 1530-32: Francisco Pizarro conquers Peru,Time Marks:,1492: Columbus “Discovery” of North America 1607: John Smiths arrival in Virginia 1620: “Mayflower” to Plymouth 1630: the first Great Migration (20000 in next 10 years) 1637: Pequo War against the Indians 1640: The Bay Psalm Book,So lamentable was our scarcity that we were constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides, and what not. One man, out of the misery he endured, killing his wife, powdered her up to eat her, for which he was burned. Many besides fed on the corpses of dead men, and one who had gotten insatiable out of custom to that food could not be restrained until such time as he was executed for it. (Journals of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1624) The land full of rich, the people easilie wonne, Whose gaines shalbe the knowledge of our faith And ours such riches as the country hath. (an annonymous poem),New World scenes,John Smith (1580-1631): explorer, adventurer and founder of Virginia Colony; author of A True Relation of Virginia (1608); William Bradford (1590-1657): onboard Mayflower; governor since 1622; author of Of Plymouth Plantation started 1630 thru 1647;,Names Important,John Cotton (1548-1652): New England Puritan preacher; author of Gods Promise to His Plantation (1630) The Mather Family: Richard (1596-1669); Increase (1639-1723) ; Cotton (1663-1728) ;,Names Important,Jonathan Edwards (1703-58): leader of Great Awakening (1740s); author of Sinners at the Hands of Angry God (1741) Anne Bradstreet (1612-72): New England poet, author of The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America, 1650,Names Important,1607 versus 1620 Jamestown versus Plymouth Smith versus Bradford, soldier, adventurer, explorer exploration and search for wealth travel, exploration, hunt for gold, preacher and true Puritan Gods mission to build a city on top of the hill settlement and advocate for Puritan ideas,a brave soldier; adventures in Turkey; advocate for London Company of 1606; Virginia governor 1608-09; conflicts with other council members forced him back to England in 1609; back to New England on whale-hunting trips in 1614,John Smith,As an adventurer: experience with Indians; ability to cope with hardships As an explorer: insatiable enthusiasm to explore the surroundings and into the continent As an advocate of the settlement AND the POCAHONTAS hi/story,John Smith,All these and diuerse other good things do heere, for want of vse, still increase and decrease with little diminution; whereby they growe to that abundance that you shall scarce finde any Baye, shallow shore, or Coue of sand, where you may not take many Clampes, or Lobsters, or both at your pleasure; and in many places lode your boat if you please: nor Iles where you finde not fruits, birds, crabs, and muskles,or all of them for the taking, at a lowe water. Smith: A Description of New England,New World lures,这里的气温同英国的确十分相近。夏天之炎热如 西班牙，冬天之寒冷近似法兰西或英格兰。这里 四季有风，但这里能令空气为之清新的雷电，我 在欧洲还从未有见闻。从海上进入这片土地只有 一处进口，那是一处宽达十八至二十海里，风平 浪静的湾口。这片土地可能比我们所知 的任何地方都更令人愉悦。这里 有可供航行的美丽河流，有高山， 坦坡，平原，深谷，河流小 溪都注入那片美丽的海湾，四周 的土地肥沃，硕果累累。,New World scenes,The Puritan Marks,1517: Luthers 95 theses; 1530s : Henry VIII broke with Pope; Calvinism Protestant Puritanism England Netherlands America,The Sense of Mission,covenant with God; a city upon a hill; an errand into the wilderness,The Idea of Covenant:,Thus stands the cause betweene God and us. We are entered into Covenant with him for this worke. Wee have taken out a Commission, the Lord hath given us leave to drawe our own Articles. but if wee shall neglect the observation of these Articles which are the ends wee have propounded, and, dissembling with our God,shall fall to embrace this present world and prosecute our carnall intentions, seekeing great things for our selves and our prosperity, the Lord will surely breake out inwrathe against us; John Winthrop: A Modell of Christian Charity (1630),Ye are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hid. Neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house. Matthew 5:14,City upon a Hill,The Idea of City upon a Hill:, “the lord make it like that of New England”. For wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty upon a Hill. The eies of all people are upon US, . John Winthrop: A Modell of Christian Charity (1630),Cotton: Way of Life (1641); 1. Original sin; 2. Limited selection; 3. Limited redemption; 4. Gods grace not to be asked; 5. Puritan protected by saints,Cotton a s Puritan-ist,Bradford: Of Plymouth Plantation sense of history history is now we are making history Im writing history sense of mission,Bradford a s Puritan-ist,The Flesh and the Spirit by Ann Bradstreet The lures of Flesh (1) wealth and reality (2) industry has recompense,Puritan Thoughts in literature,The Flesh and the Spirit by Ann Bradstreet The answer from Spirit (1) flesh as vowed foe (2) flesh as harms (3) wealth is no bait (4) thoughts hive more content (5) hope to live in heaven,Puritan Thoughts in literature,
