第一部分选修8Unit2.ppt

第一部分 基础考点聚焦 选修8,1_ adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的 2_ n. 突破 3_ adv. 总共；完全地 4_ vt. 获得；赢得 5_ vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等) 6_ vt.&vi. 积累；聚积 7_ vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于 8_ vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n. 烦扰,straightforward,breakthrough,altogether,obtain,attain,accumulate,owe,bother,9_ adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 10_vt. 抵抗；对抗 11_ n. 缺点；不利条件 12_ vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 13_ vt. 不同；相异 different adj. 不同的；与众不同的 difference n. 差异；不同 14_ vt. 着手；从事；承担 undertook(过去式)undertaken(过去分词),vain,resist,drawback,adore,differ,undertake,15_vt. 扔；投；掷 cast/cast(过去式/过去分词) 16_ vi. 反对；不赞成 objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议 17_ vt. 禁止；不准 forbade (过去式)forbidden (过去分词) 18_ vi. 退休；离开 retirement n. 退休 19_ vt.&vi. 打；撞击；罢工 n. 罢工 struck/struck(过去式/过去分词),cast,object,forbid,retire,strike,1_ 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2_ 使失望；使沮丧 3_ 反对；不赞成 4_ 赞成；支持 5_ 把归功于 6_ 一定或注定(做) 7_ 使刻骨铭心 8_ 不时；偶尔 9_ 使复生；使复活 10_ 白费力气；枉费心机 11_状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏,pay off,cast down,object to,in favour of,owe.to.,(be) bound to (do),strike.into ones heart,from time to time,bring back to life,in vain,in good/poor condition,1The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。 解读 that引导同位语从句。 仿写 这些年地球变得越来越暖的事实已经令很多科学家 担忧。 The fact has worried many scientists _ these years.,that the earth is becoming warme and warmer,2Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。 解读 then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。 仿写 听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。 Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away _.,fled the thief,3The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。 解读 The advantage is that.“其优点是”，that引导表语从句。 仿写 骑自行车上班的优势是我们可以过一种低碳生活。 _ we can live a low­carbon life.,The advantage of cycling to work is that,同位语从句 1The news _has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(go) 房价将要下跌，这个消息致使许多人低价抛售他们的房屋。 2I have no idea _，so could you fix it for me？(work) 我不知道手机为什么坏了，你能为我修一下吗？ 3Information has been put forward _. (put) 运动会将延期举办这个消息已经放出来了。,that the house price will go down,(of) why the cellphone isnt working,that the sports meet will be put off,4A project has recently been launched by the charity organization _ to remote mountainous schools. (donate)那个慈善机构最近发起一项活动，即人们应该向偏远山区的学校捐书。 5What do you think of his proposal _ a play at the English evening？(put) 他建议我们在英语晚会上做一个表演，你觉得怎么样？,that people should donate books,that we (should) put on,1.undertake (undertook；undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担 (牛津)The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident. 公司已经宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。,undertake a task 承担任务 undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事 undertake that­clause 保证,(朗文)Two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals. 已经进行了两项新研究以确定这些化学制品的作用。 Those reforms (which are) being undertaken currently is of great importance to the future development of the company. 公司目前正在进行的这些改革对于公司未来的发展非常重要. We are supposed to _to lead a low­carbon lifestyle，which is of great significance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。 He _ the job by Friday. 他答应在星期五之前完成那项工作。,undertake the responsibility,undertook to finish,2.forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden) vt. 禁止，不准 (2013·高考天津卷·阅读理解A)Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 请注意食物和水果禁止带进图书馆,但是你可以带饮料和糖果.,(1)forbid sb.to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止(做)某事 (2)forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事 forbid sb.from doing 禁止某人做 (3)Its forbidden to do sth. 做某事是被禁止的,He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment. 作为惩罚，他被禁止离开基地。 The law _ in public buildings. 法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。 He forbade me from meeting/to meet my friends online at the Internet café！他禁止我去网吧会见我的网友！,forbids smoking,3.object vi.反对；不赞成 n物体；目标 (牛津)If anybody objects，well postpone the meeting till next week. 如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。,(1)object to sb./sth. 反对；不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 object that. 反对 (2)objection n. 反对；厌恶 raise an objection to sth. 对提出异议 have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth. 对表示反对/不反对,He strongly objects to _like a child. 他强烈反对被人当孩子一样对待。 My main objection to the plan is that it costs too much.我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。,being treated,4.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢 (牛津)Thanks for sticking up for me，I owe you a favour. 谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。,(1)owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉 owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 (2)owe.to. 把归功于 owe it to sb. that. 多亏某人 (3)owing to 因为；由于,These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。 We _ we can now talk to the people on the other side of the world.今天我们之所以能够和远在天涯海角的人通话，应归功于贝尔。 Was it owing to bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving？当时是由于天气恶劣，他们才不得不改变离开的时间的吗？,owe it to Bell that,5.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 (教材P14)However，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而,之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。,(1)bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人 bother to do sth.特意做某事 It bothers sb.that/to do sth.使某人苦恼的是 (2)put sb.to any bother给某人添乱 why bother没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦,_ is that he seems to take no interest in his work. 最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。 I dont want to put him to any bother，so I try doing it by myself. 我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。 Ill go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann. 我要去邮局给安寄这个包裹。 _？Ill see her at dinner this evening. 不必麻烦了吧？今晚吃饭我能见到她。,What bothers me most,Why bother,.完成句子 1(2014·荆州中学高三质量检测)I _ that I went through the hard time after I lost my job. (owe)在失去工作后，多亏了我的父母，我才度过了那段艰难时光。 2After Pauls fourth error，word came _ in no time.(fire)在保罗犯了第四个错误之后，有消息说他要被炒鱿鱼了。,owe(d) it to my parents,that he would be fired,3Most of the members _without a standard court, the match had to be cancelled. (object) 因为大多数人反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛，所以比赛不得不取消了。 4Little _ to do whatever I like except when I play computer games long. (forbid) 妈妈很少禁止我做我喜欢做的任何事情，除了当我长时间玩电脑游戏时。,objecting to having a match,does my mother forbid me/am I forbidden by my mother,5Among all the proposals，it was quite preferable that Mr.Li，a very experienced engineer，_. (undertake)在所有的提议中，李先生，一个经验丰富的工程师来承担这项任务，这是非常可取的。,(should) undertake the task,.多项选择 1(2014·安徽皖南联考)Why_to go abroad to study，when there are so many good universities at home? Aimagine Bbother Cconsider Dprevent 解析：选B。句意：在国内有这么多好大学，为什么还要费 力地去国外学习呢？bother to do sth.“费力/麻烦做某事”。imagine和consider后不能直接跟动词不定式；prevent意为“阻止”，不符合句意，故答案选B。,2(2014·山东威海模拟)The Qinghai­Tibet Railway，as the chief engineer said，was the hardest engineering project they had ever _ in the past 30 years. Aoffered Bafforded Csuffered Dundertaken 解析：选D。句意：正如总工程师所说，青藏铁路，是过去三十年他们承担的最艰难的工程。offer“提供；出价”；afford“给予，提供；买得起”；suffer“遭受；忍受；经历”；undertake“承担”。根据句意可知D项正确。,3(2014·浙江重点中学调研)I _ a debt of gratitude to his family so Ill do my best to help them whenever they are in trouble. Aborrow Blend Cowe Dgive 解析：选C。句意：我感激他一家人,无论他们什么时候遇到麻烦，我都将尽力帮忙。owe“欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于”；borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；give“给予”。根据句意可知C项正确。,4(2013·四级英语)It is strictly _that access to confidential documents is denied to all but a few. Asecured Bforbidden Cregulated Ddetermined 解析：选C。句意：严格规定：除极少数人外，所有其他人不得接触机密文件。secure“为作保，使安全”；forbid“禁止”；regulate“规定”； determine“决定”。根据句意可知C项正确。,5The meeting passed a resolution consistently that use of force against Iran is firmly _， while asking Iran to start dialogues with the UN to seek to fully solve the question of Iran. Aobjected Badjusted Cappealed Dconfirmed 解析：选A。句意:会议一致通过决议,坚决反对对伊朗动武，同时要求伊朗继续同联合国展开对话，以寻求全面解决伊朗问题。object“反对”；adjust“调整,使适合；校准”; appeal“呼吁，恳求”；confirm“确认；确定；证实”。根据句意可知A项正确。,1.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 (教材P11) But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。,pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价 pay sb.for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬 pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复,Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last _. 她的设计在比赛中获得一等奖。多年的耐心和艰苦的工作终于得到了好的结果。 He had to work part­time so as to _ his education.他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。 That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。,paid off,pay for,2.in favour of 赞成；支持 (教材P12)Is it in favour of cloning or against it? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？,(1)in sb.s favour 对某人有利的 out of favour 失宠的；不流行的 (2)do sb. a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人忙 do sb. the favour to do sth. /do sb.a favour by doing sth.帮忙做某事 (3)owe sb. a favour欠某人情,My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. 我姐姐反对我的提议，然而我弟弟却赞成。 The exchange rate is not in our favour at the moment. 目前汇率对我们不利。 _ and turn the radio down while Im on the phone，will you? 劳驾，我打电话的时候把收音机的音量调小点好吗？,in favour of,Do me a favour,3.in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏) (朗文)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition. 这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。,out of condition健康状况欠佳 working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境 on condition that.在条件下；倘若 on no condition一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序),On no condition should you tell him what happened. 你决不应该告诉他发生了什么事。 They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。,.完成句子 1Extinct animals _ thanks to advances in DNA technology. (bring) 由于DNA科技的发展，绝种动物可能会起死回生。 2After the quarrel, I tried all my best to remove the understanding between us, but all my efforts _. (vain)争吵过后，我尽力去消除我们之间的误会，但是我的努力白费了。,can/could be brought back to life,were in vain,3So many great events did 2013 see _ be a most special year in history. (bound)2013年见证了如此多的大事件，它必然是历史上一个最特殊的一年。 4All the witnesses _，the poor worker is doomed to failure in accusing his boss of owing his money. (pay)所有的证人都被收买了，这个可怜的工人对老板拖欠他工资的起诉注定是要失败的。 5The witness was told that on no condition_ the court，no matter what had happened. (lie) 证人被告知无论发生了什么他都不应该对法庭说谎。,that it was bound to,(having been )paid off,should he lie to,.多项选择 1(2014·湖北省部分重点中学联考)The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal. Acarried out Bpaid off Cgot through Dended up 解析：选B。句意：当最终获得奥运会金牌的时候，那位运动员多年的艰苦训练得到了回报。carry out “执行，实行”；pay off“付清，取得成功，得到回报”；get through“结束,通过”；end up“结束”。根据句意可知B项正确。,2(2014·襄阳市高三调研)In making a scientific experiment, one should not be _ by temporary setbacks but should persist in doing it hopefully. Acast down Bput away Ctaken in Dgiven out 解析：选A。句意：做科学实验时，不能因为暂时的挫折而沮丧，而应该怀着希望坚持做下去。cast down“抛下,使沮丧”；put away“收起来，放好”；take in“包括，领会，欺骗，接待”；give out“分发，公布”。根据句意可知A项正确。,3He indeed got a favorable job in terms of money. However, his parents _ him working for that company. Aappealed to Bstuck to Cturned to Dobjected to 解析：选D。句意：从钱的角度考虑他确实得到了一份不错的工作，然而他的父母却坚决反对他在那家公司上班。appeal to“呼吁，恳请”；stick to“坚持”；turn to“转向，求助 于”； object to“反对”。根据句意可知D项正确。,4(2014·湖北重点中学高三月考)They may do a great job, but if their efforts are not in harmony with the general goals of the company, even the most perfect effort is_ Aat risk Bin doubt Cat ease Din vain 解析：选D。句意：他们可能做得不错,但是他们的努力如果跟公司的总目标不相符的话，再完美的努力都是白费力气。at risk“有风险，存在风险”；in doubt“存在疑问，不肯定 的”；at ease“安逸，自由自在”；in vain“白费地，徒劳无益地”。根据句意可知D项正确。,5(2014·黑龙江哈尔滨四校高三检测)Liu Jianfu，a senior researcher with Guangdong University of Foreign Studies，said he was _ reducing the homework burden on students. Ain charge of Bin terms of Cin favor of Din honor of 解析：选C。句意：刘建福，广东外语外贸大学的一位高级 研究员，说他赞成减少学生的家庭作业负担。in favor of“赞成，支持”；in charge of“主管，负责”；in terms of“就而言”；in honor of “为了向表示敬意”。 根据句意可知C项正确。,1.(教材P11)Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。,(1)当then，now，up，down，here，there等副词或表地点的介词短语位于句首且主语为名词时,句子常用全部倒装语序. (2)本句中的news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位语关系。常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news, hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order, problem，belief，fear等。,In came the teacher and the lesson began. 老师进来了，然后开始上课了。 On top of the hill _ dating back to Ming Dynasty. 山顶上有一座追溯至明朝的破庙。 _.Lets go into the lecture hall. 铃响了，我们进入演讲大厅吧。,stands an old temple,There goes the bell,【温馨提示】 上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装. Away they went.他们走了。 We should consider the students request that the school library provide more books on popular science. 我们应该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些受欢迎的科学方面的书籍。 As far as I can see，there is no possibility that Li Na will win the tennis match in 2014. 依我看，李娜2014年不可能赢得网球比赛了。 The question _ to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。,whether we should continue,2.(教材P15)The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是如果发生一种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并将这种抵抗能力传给下一代。,The advantage is that.优势是,that此处引导表语从句。 The advantage/strength of.is that 的优势是 The disadvantage of.is that. 的不足是 The drawback of.is that 的缺点是 The problem of.is that 的问题是 The chance is that. 有可能,The advantage is that smiling can not only make us happy, but also please others. 其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。 The advantage is that we have a good command of English.其优点是我们很好地掌握了英语。 _ our team will finish at the top，as our remaining matches arent too difficult. 由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。 _ of the popularity of cars _ it brings about so much air pollution. 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。,The chance is that,The drawback,is that,完成句子 1_a great outbreak of influenza about the world which destroyed many millions of people. (come)接着全世界出现了流感大爆发，它夺走了数以百万计人的生命。 2(2014·武汉市黄陂一中高三月考)_ a large collection of paintings and clay pots, which used to belong to my great grandfather. (inside)房间里面有一大批绘画和陶罐藏品，曾经都是我曾祖父的。,Then came,Inside the room were,3He examined the red bell rope, _upon the pillow of the bed. (lie)他察看了那根红色的铃绳，绳子的一头放在床铺的枕头上。 4The advantage of using your university accommodation is _support if you have a problem. (get)在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于如果你有问题可以得到帮