BS EN 12847-2009 沥青和沥青胶粘剂.测定沥青乳液的沉降倾向.pdf

BS EN 12847:2009 BS 2000-485:2009 his British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2009 Energy Institute, under the brand of IP, publishes and sells all Parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be Part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication “Standard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 Parts” and individually. Further information is available from: Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR. Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472. 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This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12847:2002. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. ÞÍ ÛÒ ïîèìéæîððç EN 12847:2009 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the settling tendency of bituminous emulsions. WARNING The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders Sampling bituminous binders EN 1428, Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of water content in bitumen emulsions Azeotropic distillation method EN 1431, Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of recovered binder and oil distillate from bitumen emulsions by distillation EN 12594, Bitumen and bituminous binders Preparation of test samples EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 settling tendency difference in water content of the top layer and the bottom layer of a prescribed volume of sample after standing for a specified time at ambient temperature 4 Principle The sample is allowed to stand for the specified time at ambient temperature in a stoppered graduated cylinder, after which the water contents of the top and bottom layers are determined either using EN 1428 or EN 1431. The settling tendency is calculated as the difference between the two water contents. 5 Reagents and materials 5.1 General Use only reagents of recognised analytical grade and water conforming to grade 3 of EN ISO 3696. 5.2 Cleaning agents As used conventionally in the laboratory. ÞÍ ÛÒ ïîèìéæîððç EN 12847:2009 (E) 5 6 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following: 6.1 Stoppered glass graduated cylinder, 600 ml capacity, with one division mark at 500 ml. This vessel is modified with two closable side tubes. The dimensions are shown in Figure 1. The two side tubes may be closed either by a rubber or glass stopper, or by a rubber tube with a pinch-clamp cock. 6.2 Distillation apparatus, as described in EN 1428 or EN 1431, depending on the method chosen for the determination of water content. 6.3 Beakers of appropriate capacity. 7 Sampling The material under test shall be sampled in accordance with EN 58 and prepared in accordance with EN 12594. 8 Procedure 8.1 General Carry out the procedure under normal laboratory conditions. NOTE “Normal laboratory conditions“ means that the range of temperature is 18 °C to 28 °C. 8.2 Test The number of test cylinders to be used shall be defined depending upon the test method used to determine water content (EN 1428 or EN 1431). In general, one cylinder should be sufficient when EN 1428 is used, whereas 4 cylinders will be needed when using EN 1431. Close the two side tubes of the graduated cylinder (6.1). Pour the emulsion test sample into the cylinder until the surface of the liquid reaches the 500 ml level. Stopper the cylinder tightly and allow to stand undisturbed for the specified time time (t ± 4 hours). If necessary, remove any skin before drawing a test portion. At the end of the standing period, without disturbing the contents of the cylinder, remove the stopper and draw a test portion of approximately 55 ml, from the top of the cylinder, through the upper side tube of the cylinder into a beaker (6.3). Allow 5 min for bitumen emulsion adhering to the wall of the cylinder to flow into the beaker. When several cylinders are needed, repeat the operation by drawing successively the test portion from the top of each cylinder into the receiving beaker (6.3). Gently stir the resulting test portion (p1) until uniform using a glass rod once the drawn off has ended. Drain the emulsion from the middle part of the cylinder by opening the lower side tube and allowing the emulsion to flow into a container until the flow ceases. Discard this portion of emulsion. Close the lower side tube. ÞÍ ÛÒ ïîèìéæîððç EN 12847:2009 (E) 6 Stir the remaining emulsion (approximately 55 ml), so that any sediment adhering to the wall or bottom of the cylinder is loosened. If the homogenisation of the remaining emulsion in the bottom part of the cylinder cannot be performed correctly, due to for instance broken emulsion, the test shall be aborted. This information shall then be mentioned in the report. Drain the remaining contents of the cylinder into a second beaker (6.3) to obtain a second test portion. When several cylinders are needed, drain successively the remaining contents of each cylinder into the second beaker (6.3). Gently stir the resulting test portion (p2) until uniform using a glass rod once the drawn off has ended. Determine the water content of each test portion according to EN 1428 or EN 1431, depending on the method chosen for the determination of water content. 9 Calculation Calculate the settling tendency, ST, of the test sample, expressed in mass percentage, by means of the following equation: STa b where: a is the water content of the top layer, i.e. the first test portion, p1, in mass percentage; b is the water content of the bottom layer, i.e. the second test portion, p2, in mass percentage. NOTE Negative values, obtained for the settling tendency, indicate that the bituminous phase rises to the surface. 10 Expression of results Report the specified time of standing, t (see Clause 8), the water content, a, of the top layer and the water content, b, of the bottom layer (see Clause 9). Express the result, obtained in accordance with Clause 9, as a mass percentage, rounded to the nearest 0,1 % (m/m). 11 Precision NOTE The precision of the method was evaluated in accordance with EN ISO 4259 1. 11.1 Repeatability The difference between two successive test results, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus under constant operating conditions on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values mentioned in Table 1 in only one case in twenty. ÞÍ ÛÒ ïîèìéæîððç EN 12847:2009 (E) 7 Table 1 Repeatability Settling tendency % (m/m) Repeatability r 0 % to 8 % mass fraction 0,4 % mass fraction 8 % mass fraction 5 % of the result (expressed as a mass %) 11.2 Reproducibility The difference between two single and independent results obtained by different operators working in different laboratories on identical test material would, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation of the test method, exceed the values mentioned in Table 2 in only one case in twenty. Table 2 Reproducibility Settling tendency % (m/m) Reproducibility R 0 % to 8 % mass fraction 0,8 % mass fraction 8 % mass fraction 10 % of the result (expressed as a mass %) 12 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following information: a) type and complete identification of the sample under test; b) reference to this European Standard; c) result of the test, the settling tendency, ST, and the specified time of standing/settling, t, the water content, a, of the top layer and the water content, b, of the bottom layer (see Clause 10); d) any deviation, by agreement or otherwise, from the procedure specified (for example any case of emulsion adhering to the wall or bottom); e) date of sampling, date of sample preparation and date of the test. ÞÍ ÛÒ ïîèìéæîððç EN 12847:2009 (E) 8 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1. Top layer 2. Bottom layer 3. Closure 4. Middle part Figure 1 Dimensions of graduated cylinder ÞÍ ÛÒ ïîèìéæîððç EN 12847:2009 (E) 9 Bibliography 1 EN ISO 4259, Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259:2006) Û²»®¹§ ײ-¬·¬«¬» Þ«§·²¹ ﮬ- ±º ÞÍ îððð Ñ®¼»®- º±® ÞÍ îððð °«¾´·½¿¬·±²- -¸±«´¼ ¾» ¿¼¼®»-»¼ ¬± »·¬¸»®æ Û²»®¹§ ײ-¬·¬«¬» Ô·¾®¿®§ ¿²¼ ײº±®³¿¬·±² Í»®ª·½» êï Ò»© Ý¿ª»²¼·-¸ ͬ®»»¬ Ô±²¼±² ÉïÙ éßÎ Ì»´æ õìì øð÷îð éìêé éïðð Ú¿¨æ õìì øð÷îð éîëë ïìéî ©©©ò»²»®¹§·²-¬ò±®¹ò«µ Ñ®¼»® -¬¿²¼¿®¼- -»½«®»´§ ª·¿æ ©©©ò»²»®¹§·²-¬°«¾-ò±®¹ò«µ ±®æ Þ®·¬·-¸ ͬ¿²¼¿®¼- ײ-¬·¬«¬·±² Ý«-¬±³»® Í»®ª·½»- íèç ݸ·-©·½µ Ø·¹¸ α¿¼ Ô±²¼±² Éì ìßÔ Ì»´æ õìì øð÷îð èççê çððï Ú¿¨æ õìì øð÷îð èççê éððï ©©©ò¾-·¹®±«°ò½±³ Ñ®¼»® ¸¿®¼ ½±°§ -¬¿²¼¿®¼- -»½«®»´§ ª·¿æ ©©©ò¾-·¹®±«°ò½±³ñ-¸±° ݱ°§®·¹¸¬ ݱ°§®·¹¸¬ »¨·-¬- ·² ¿´´ ÞÍ îððð °«¾´·½¿¬·±²-ò Ò± °¿®¬ ±º ¬¸·- °«¾´·½¿¬·±² ³¿§ ¾» ®»°®±¼«½»¼ ·² ¿²§ º±®³ ©·¬¸±«¬ ¬¸» °®·±® °»®³·-·±² ·² ©®·¬·²¹ ±º ÞÍ× ¿²¼ ¬¸» Û²»®¹§ ײ-¬·¬«¬»ò Û²¯«·®·»- ¿¾±«¬ ½±°§®·¹¸¬ -¸±«´¼ ¾» ³¿¼» ¬± ¬¸» Í»½®»¬¿®§ ±º ÐÌ×ñïí ¿¬ ¬¸» Û²»®¹§ ײ-¬·¬«¬»ò ÐÌ×ñïí ÞÍ îððð Í»®·»-