BS EN 1525-1998 工业货车的安全-无驾驶员货车及其系统.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1525:1998 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Safety of industrial trucks Driverless trucks and their systems The European Standard EN 1525:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 53.060 BS EN 1525:1998 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1998 © BSI 06-1999 ISBN 0 580 28954 0 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1525:1997, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/7, Industrial trucks, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “ International Standards Correspondence Index” , or by using the “ Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments 10409January 1999Indicated by a sideline in the margin BS EN 1525:1998 © BSI 06-1999i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword2 Text of EN 15255 ii blank ? EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1525 September 1997 ICS 53.060 Descriptors: Handling equipment, industrial trucks, safety of machines, definitions, hazards, accident prevention, safety devices, safety measures, dangerous areas, utilization, information, marking English version Safety of industrial trucks Driverless trucks and their systems Sécurité des chariots de manutention Chariots sans conducteur et leurs systèmes Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen Fahrerlose Flurförderzeuge und ihre Systeme This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 June 1997. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1525:1997 E ? EN 1525:1997 © BSI 06-1999 2 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150, Industrial trucks Safety, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1998. This European Standard is one of a series of standards for the safety of industrial trucks. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex Z, which is an integral part of this standard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Safety of industrial trucks Self propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity and tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N prEN 1726-1Part 1: General requirements prEN 1726-2Part 2: Additional requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed to travel with elevated loads prEN 1551Safety of industrial trucks Self propelled trucks over 10 000 kg capacity prEN 1459Safety of industrial trucks Self propelled variable reach trucks Safety of industrial trucks Pedestrian propelled trucks prEN 1757-1Part 1: Stacker trucks prEN 1757-2Part 2: Pallet trucks with lift height up to 300 mm prEN 1757-3Part 3: Platform trucks prEN 1757-4Part 4: Scissor lift pallet trucks EN 1525Safety of industrial trucks Driverless trucks and their systems prEN 1526Safety of industrial trucks Additional requirements for automated functions on trucks Safety of industrial trucks Electrical requirements for trucks prEN 1175-1Part 1: Battery powered trucks prEN 1175-2Part 2: General requirements for internal combustion engine powered trucks prEN 1175-3Part 3: Specific requirements for the electrical power transmission systems of internal combustion engine powered trucks prEN 1755Safety of industrial trucks Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres prEN 12053Safety of industrial trucks Test methods for measuring noise emissions prEN 13564Safety of industrial trucks Test methods for measuring visibility from self propelled trucks ? EN 1525:1997 © BSI 06-19993 Contents Page Foreword2 0Introduction5 1Scope5 2Normative references5 3Definitions6 4List of hazards6 5Safety requirements for the truck8 5.1Protection against unauthorized use8 5.2Braking system8 5.3Controls for emergency and maintenance operation8 5.4Speed control8 5.5Battery charging8 5.6Load handling8 5.7Steering8 5.8Stability8 5.9Protective devices8 5.10 Operation with trailers10 6Verification and commissioning10 6.1Verification10 6.2Commissioning10 7Information for use11 7.1Instruction handbook11 7.2Minimum marking12 Annex A (normative) Requirements for preparation of the environment13 Annex Z (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of EU DirectivesInside back cover Table 1 Category of safety related parts of control system per EN 954-111 ? 4 blank ? EN 1525:1997 © BSI 06-19995 0 Introduction This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 292-1. This standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA Regulations. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. In addition, driverless industrial trucks (hereinafter referred to as “ trucks” ) and their systems should comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard. 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard applies to all trucks and their systems except: a) trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.); b) trucks operating in areas open to persons unaware of the hazards. 1.2 For the purposes of this European Standard, a driverless industrial truck is a powered vehicle, including any trailers, designed to travel automatically in which the safety of operation does not depend on an operator. Remote controlled trucks are not considered driverless trucks. 1.3 For the purposes of this European Standard, a system comprises the control system, which may be part of the truck and/or separate from it, the guidance means and the battery charging system. 1.4 This European Standard deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in clause 4 which can arise during the commissioning, operation and maintenance of trucks in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. In addition, trucks should comply as appropriate with EN 292 for hazards not covered by this standard or the applicable companion standards. 1.5 This European Standard covers specific hazards related to the automated functions of trucks and their systems listed in clause 4. This standard must be used in conjunction with one or more of the applicable companion standards listed in the foreword. 1.6 The provision of a portable control unit does not classify the truck as a pedestrian controlled truck. 1.7The environment of trucks can have a significant effect on their safe operation. Annex A establishes requirements for the preparation of the environment to eliminate the associated hazards. For the person responsible for the integration of the trucks into the workplace, Annex A is normative. 1.8 This European Standard does not establish the following additional requirements for: a) operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); b) operation in environments subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres); c) electromagnetic compatibility; d) transportation of passengers; e) handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); f) parts of trucks requiring manual intervention during operation. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles of design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles of design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment Functional aspects. EN 953:1997, Safety of machinery Guards General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards. EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery Safety related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for design. prEN 1726-1:1996, Safety of industrial trucks Self propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity and tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N Part 1: General requirements. ISO 6292:1996, Powered industrial trucks Brakes performance and component strength. ? EN 1525:1997 6 © BSI 06-1999 3 Definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 load item to be handled with mass, dimensions, integrity and positioning in accordance with the manufacturer s specifications 3.2 bumper a device which generates a signal to stop the truck on physical contact with a person 3.3 actuating force the force applied to the bumper when the signal to stop the truck is generated 3.4 control system automatic means which controls and manages the truck(s) and associated equipment 3.5 guide path intended travel path under automatic control 3.6 load handling lifting, lowering, load transfer and load manipulation (e.g. rotation, reach, tilting, clamping) 3.7 modes of operation 3.7.1 automatic no operator intervention is required for operation 3.7.2 manual operation is under the control of an operator 3.8 operator any person who is responsible for the movement of the truck and the handling of the load 3.9 path area swept by the truck with its load and its trailer(s) if towed 3.10 competent person designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and in possession of the necessary instructions to enable the assigned task to be carried out 3.11 zones 3.11.1 common zone a zone not exclusively reserved for automated traffic 3.11.2 hazard zone part of a common zone where there is an increased hazard e.g. due to inadequate clearance for personnel or where a load transfer operation takes place 3.11.3 restricted zone a physically separated zone reserved for automated traffic in which only authorized persons are permitted to enter 4 List of hazards The following hazards related to travelling and load handling of trucks are applicable in the situations described and could involve risks to persons if not reduced or eliminated. The corresponding requirements are designed to limit the risk or reduce these hazards in each situation. EN 1525:1997 © BSI 06-19997 HazardCorresponding requirement 4.1Crushing in path of truck5.2 Braking system 5.4 Speed control 5.9.5 Personnel detection means between trailers5.10 Operation with trailers 4.2Direct electrical contact with exposed connections5.5 Protected battery charging connections 4.3Electromagnetic radiationNot dealt with 4.4Programming errorsNot dealt with 4.5Failure of control system unexpected start-up5.2 Braking system 5.9.1 Protective devices for rider operation 5.9.2 Protective devices for pedestrian operation communication error between control system and truckNot dealt with 4.6Restoration of energy supply5.9.3 Warning systems 4.7Falling objects5.6 Load handling 4.8Movement without an operator5.2 Braking system 5.7 Steering system 4.9Insufficient ability to stop5.2 Braking system 5.9.4 Emergency stop device 5.9.5 Personnel detection means 4.10Inadequate location of controls5.3.1 Con