BS EN 418-1992 机械安全 功能方面的紧急停止设备 设计原则2.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 418:1992 Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Principles for design The European Standard EN 418:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 62-783.5:331.45:614.8 BS EN 418:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared by the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 December 1992 © BSI 10-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MCE/3 Draft for comment 90/82130 DC ISBN 0 580 20861 3 Cooperating organizations The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following countries: AustriaOesterreichisches Normungsinstitut BelgiumInstitut belge de normalisation DenmarkDansk Standardiseringsraad FinlandSuomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. FranceAssociation française de normalisation GermanyDeutsches Institut für Normung e.V. GreeceHellenic Organization for Standardization IcelandTechnological Institute of Iceland IrelandNational Standards Authority of Ireland ItalyEnte Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione LuxembourgInspection du Travail et des Mines NetherlandsNederlands Normalisatie-instituut NorwayNorges Standardiseringsforbund PortugalInstituto Portuguès da Qualidade SpainAsociación Española de Normalización y Certificación SwedenStandardiseringskommissionen i Sverige SwitzerlandAssociation suisse de normalisation United KingdomBritish Standards Institution Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments BS EN 418:1992 © BSI 10-1998i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 418:19923 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsibleInside back cover National annex NB (informative) Cross-referencesInside back cover BS EN 418:1992 ii © BSI 10-1998 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Machinery and Components Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 418 Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Principles for design published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 418 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. ? EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 418 October 1992 UDC 62-783.5:331.45:614.8 Descriptors: Safety of machines, dangerous machines, accident prevention, safety devices, control devices, stopping, emergency measures, design, specifications English version Safety of machinery Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects Principles for design Sécurité des machines Equipement d arrêt d urgence, aspects fonctionnels Principes de conception Sicherheit von Maschinen Not-Aus-Einrichtung, funktionelle Aspekte Gestalgungsleitsätze This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-10-16. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 418:1992 E ? EN 418:1992 2 © BSI 10-1998 Foreword CEN/TC 114-CLC/TC 44X/JWG 9 has been entrusted by CEN/TC 114 with the task of producing standards on emergency stop, safety hold, isolation and energy dissipation. This standard is the result of the first part of this task. The standard was accepted and in accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 1993. Contents Page Foreword2 0Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references4 3Definitions4 3.1Emergency stop (function)4 3.2Emergency stop equipment4 3.3Control device4 3.4Manual control (actuator)4 3.5Machine actuator4 4Safety requirements6 4.1General requirements6 4.2Specific requirements for electrical equipment6 4.3Operating conditions, environmental influences7 4.4Shape, colour and arrangement of emergency stop actuators7 4.5Additional requirements for wires and ropes, when used as actuators7 Figure 1 Functional aspects of the field of application of EN 4183 Figure 2 Emergency stop equipment in machinery5 ? EN 418:1992 © BSI 10-19983 0 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Commission of the European Communities and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the machinery EC Directive and associated EFTA regulations. An essential safety requirement of the Machinery Directive relating to emergency stopping and reproduced in subclause 6.1.1 of EN 292-2 specifies that machinery shall be provided with emergency stop equipment, except for: machines in which an emergency stop equipment would not lessen the risk, either because it would not reduce the stopping time or because it would not enable the special measures required to deal with the risk to be taken; hand-held portable machines and hand-guided machines. The purpose of this standard is to specify the functional requirements the emergency stop equipment has to comply with, to fulfil the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive. As a complement to this standard, a standard dealing with the control device (see 3.3) of electrical emergency stop equipment is being prepared by CENELEC/TC 17 B. 1 Scope This standard specifies design principles for emergency stop equipment for machinery. No account is taken of the nature of the energy source. A functional demarcation of the emergency stop equipment is shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 illustrates the location of this equipment in machinery. Figure 1 Functional aspects of the field of application of EN 418 ? EN 418:1992 4 © BSI 10-1998 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for design Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology. EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications. EN 60204-1:1985, Electrical equipment of industrial machines Part 1: General requirements. NOTEEN 60204-1:1985 has undergone a major revision and the resulting prEN 60204-1:1991 “ Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 1: General requirements” has been adopted in February 1992. In order to help make the transition between EN 60204-1:1985 and its new version, every reference to a section or sub-section of EN 60204-1:1985 in the present standard is complemented by a reference to the equivalent part of prEN 60204-1:1991. EN 60947-5-1:1992 (3rd part), Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear Part 5: Control circuit devices and switching elements Chapter 1: Definitions, characteristics, tests Section 3: Special requirements for control switches with positive opening operation. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 emergency stop (function) function which is intended to avert arising or to reduce existing hazards to persons, damage to machinery or to work in progress; to be initiated by a single human action when the normal stopping function is inadequate for this purpose. hazards for the purpose of this standard are those which may arise from: functional irregularities (malfunctioning of the machinery, unacceptable properties of the processed material, human errors .); normal operation. NOTEFunctions such as reversal or limitation of motion, deflection, shielding, braking, disconnecting, etc. may be part of the emergency stop function. This standard does not deal with these functions. 3.2 emergency stop equipment arrangement of components intended to achieve the emergency stop function (see Figure 2, showing the parts of a machine those components can belong) 3.3 control device that component of the emergency stop equipment which generates the emergency stop signal when the associated manual control (actuator) is operated 3.4 manual control (actuator) that component of the control device which, when operated, activates the control device, and is designed to be operated by a person (see 4.4.1) 3.5 machine actuator a power mechanism used to effect motion of a machine ? EN 418:1992 © BSI 10-19985 Figure 2 Emergency stop equipment in machinery ? EN 418:1992 6 © BSI 10-1998 4 Safety requirements 4.1 General requirements 4.1.1The emergency stop function shall be available and operational at all times, regardless of the operating mode. NOTEWhen emergency stop control devices can be disconnected (e.g. portable teaching pendants) or when machinery can be partially isolated, care shall be taken to avoid confusion between active and inactive control devices. 4.1.2 The control device and its actuator shall apply the principle of positive mechanical action (see 3.5 of EN 292-2). NOTEA control switch with positive opening operation, is an example of a suitable control device. According to EN 60947-5-1 (3rd part, subclause 2.2), positive opening operation (of a contact element) is “ the achievement of contact separation as the direct result of a specified movement of the switch actuator through non-resilient members (e.g. not dependent upon springs)” . 4.1.3 The emergency stop equipment shall neither be used as an alternative to proper safeguarding measures nor as an alternative for automatic safety devices, but it may be used as a back-up measure. 4.1.4 After activation of the actuator, the emergency stop equipment shall operate in such a way that the hazard is averted or reduced automatically in the best possible manner. NOTE 1The statement “ in the best possible manner” includes among others: choice of optimal deceleration rate; selection of the stop category (see 4.1.5 hereunder), according to the risk assessment. NOTE 2“ Automatically” means that, after activation of the emergency stop actuator, the achievement of the emergency stop function may be the result of a predetermined sequence of internal functions. 4.1.5 The emergency stop shall function as: either stop category 0, i.e. stopping by: immediate removal of power to the machine actuator(s); or mechanical disconnection (declutching) between the hazardous elements and their machine actuator(s); and, if necessary, braking (uncontrolled stop); or stop category 1, i.e. a controlled stop with power to the machine actuator(s) available to achieve the stop and then removal of power when the stop is achieved. 4.1.6 The emergency stop equipment shall be designed such that deciding to actuate the emergency stop actuator shall not require the operator to consider the resultant effects (stopping zone, deceleration rate, etc.). 4.1.7 The emergency stop command shall override all other commands. 4.1.8 The response of the machine to the emergency stop command shall not generate any additional hazard. 4.1.9 The emergency stop function shall not impair the effectiveness of safety devices or of devices with safety-related functions. NOTEFor this purpose, it may be necessary to ensure the continuing operation of auxiliary equipment such as magnetic chucks or braking devices. 4.1.10 The emergency stop function shall not impair any facilities designed to release trapped persons. NOTEThe emergency stop function may include initiation of certain of these facilities. 4.1.11 Any action on the actuator which results in generating the emergency stop command shall also result in the latching-in of the control device so that, when the action on the actuator is discontinued, the emergency stop command be maintained until the control device is reset (unlatched). It shall not be possible for the control device to latch-in without generating the stop command. NOTEIn case of a failure in the control device (latching-in means included), the function generating the stop command shall have priority over the latching-in function. 4.1.12 Resetting the control device shall only be possible as the result of a manual action on the control device itself. Resetting the control device shall not by itself cause a restart command. It shall not be possible to restart the machine until all control devices which have been actuated are reset manually, individually and intentionally. 4.1.13 The state the machine is brought into by an emergency stop command shall not alter unintendedly (unexpectedly) during the time the control device is in the actuated condition. 4.2 Specific requirements for electrical equipment See EN 6