Signaling in Telecommunication Networks(上).pdf

Signaling in Telecommunication Networks Series: Wiley Series in Telecommunications and Signal Processing Published Online: 04 Jan 2002 Author(s): John G. van Bosse Series Editor(s): John G. Proakis ISBN: 0471224154 (Electronic) 0471573779 (Print) SIGNALING IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS Signaling in Telecommunication Networks. John G. van Bosse Copyright1998 John Wiley 0-471-22415-4 (Electronic) WILEY SERIES IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING John G. Proakis, Editor Northeastern University Worldwide Telecommunications Guide for the Business Manager Walter L. Vignault Expert System Applications to Telecommunications Jay Liebowitz Business Earth Stations for Telecommunications Walter L. Morgan and Denis Rouffet Introduction to Communications Robert M. Gagliardi Engineering, 2nd Edition Satellite Communications: The First Quarter Century of Service David W. E. 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Kuo and Dennis R. Morgan Telecommunication System Engineering, 3rd Edition Roger L. Freeman Signal Processing Systems: Theory and Design N. Kalouptsidis Signaling in Telecommunication Networks John G. van Bosse Signaling in Telecommunication Networks. John G. van Bosse Copyright1998 John Wiley 0-471-22415-4 (Electronic) Signaling in Telecommunication Networks. John G. van Bosse Copyright1998 John Wiley 0-471-22415-4 (Electronic) SIGNALING IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS John G. van Bosse A Wileydnterscience Publication JOHN WILEY 0-471-22415-4 (Electronic) The texts extracted from the ITU material have been reproduced with the prior authorization of the Union as the copyright holder. The sole responsibility for selecting extracts for reproduction lies with the author alone and can in no way be attributed to the ITU. The complete volumes of the ITU material from which the texts reproduced here are extracted, can be obtained from International Telecommunication Union General Secretariat- Sales and Marketing Service Place de Nations CH- 1211 GENEVA 20 (Switzerland) Telephone: +4122 730 51 11 Telex: 421000 itu ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE Fax: +41 22 730 5194 X.400: S = Sales; P = itu; A = Arcom; C = ch Internet: Salesitu.ch This text is printed on acid- free paper. Copyright 0 1998 by John Wiley 0-471-22415-4 (Electronic) . . . VIII CONTENTS 3.3. Signaling Equipment at the Local Exchange / 52 3.4 Tones, Announcements, and Ringing / 56 3.5 Subscriber Signaling for Supplementary Services / 59 3.6 Other Applications of DTMF Signaling / 62 3.7 Dialing Plans / 63 3.8 Acronyms / 65 3.9 References / 66 4 Channel- associated Interexchange Signaling 4.1 Introduction / 68 4.2 Bell System Multi- frequency Signaling / 73 4.3 CCITT No.5 Signaling / 84 4.4 R2 Signaling / 90 4.5 Acronyms / 107 4.6 References / 108 5 Introduction to Common- channel Signaling 5.1 Signaling Networks / 110 5.2 Signaling Links and Signal Units / 117 5.3 Acronyms / 124 5.4 References / 124 6 Signaling System No.6 6.1 Signaling links / 127 6.2 Messages, Labels, and Routing / 131 6.3 CCITT No.6 Call Control / 134 6.4 CCIS Call Control / 142 6.5 CCIS Direct Signaling / 145 6.6 Acronyms / 147 6.7 References / 149 68 109 126 7 Introduction to Signaling System No.7 7.1 SS7 Structure / 151 7.2 Identification of Signaling Points and Trunks / 154 7.3 SS7 Signal Units and Primitives / 155 7.4 Acronyms / 158 7.5 References / 159 CONTENTS iX 150 8 SS7 Message Transfer Part 8.1 Introduction to MTP / 160 8.2 MTP Level 1 / 162 8.3 Overview of MTP Level 2 / 163 8.4 Basic Error Correction / 168 8.5 Preventive Cyclic Retransmission / 172 8.6 Signaling Link Management / 173 8.7 Overview of MTP Level 3 / 176 8.8 MTP3 Signaling Message Handling / 177 8.9 MTP3 Signaling Network Management / 184 8.10 Acronyms / 192 8.11 References / 194 9 Telephone User Part 9.1 Messages and Primitives / 196 9.2 Call- control Messages and Signals / 197 9.3 Basic Signaling Sequences / 205 9.4 TUP Support of Additional Services / 210 9.5 Other TUP Procedures, Messages, and Signals / 215 9.6 Versions of TUP Signaling / 219 9.7 Acronyms / 221 9.8 References / 223 160 195 X CONTENTS 10 Digital Subscriber Signaling 10.1 Introduction to ISDN and DSSl / 224 10.2 Data Link Layer (LAPD) / 230 10.3 Q.931 Call- control Messages / 240 10.4 Introduction to Call- control Signaling / 252 10.5 Call- control Examples / 258 10.6 Failed ISDN Set- ups / 261 10.7 Acronyms / 266 10.8 References / 268 11 ISDN User Part 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 Introduction / 269 ISUP Messages, Formats, and Parameters / 271 Signaling for Calls Between ISDN Users / 286 Calls Involving Analog Subscribers / 293 End- to- end Signaling / 296 Other Signaling Procedures / 300 Signaling Procedures for Failed Set- ups / 306 ISUP Signaling in the International Network / 308 ISUP Signaling in the U.S. / 310 11.10 Acronyms / 313 11.11 References / 315 12 Signaling in Cellular Mobile Telecommunications 12.1 Introduction to Cellular Mobile Systems / 317 12.2 AMPS Tone Signals and Message Words / 326 12.3 Introduction to AMPS Signaling / 328 12.4 AMPS Message Formats and Parameters / 333 12.5 AMPS Signaling Procedures / 343 12.6 Signaling in IS- 54 Cellular Systems / 347 12.7 Introduction to the GMS Cellular System / 355 224 317 CONTENTS Xi 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 Signaling Between Mobile and Network / 363 Layer 3 Messages on the Urn Interface / 370 Acronyms / 375 References / 378 13 Introduction to Transactions 13.1 Definitions and Applications / 380 13.2 SS7 Architecture for Transactions / 381 13.3 Acronyms / 383 13.4 References / 384 14 Signaling Connection Control Part 385 14.1 Introduction / 385 14.2 SCCP Messages and Parameters / 388 14.3 Connectionless SCCP / 395 14.4 Connection- oriented SCCP / 403 14.5 SCCP Management / 409 14.6 Acronyms / 414 14.7 References / 415 15 Transaction Capabilities Application Part 15.1 Introduction / 417 15.2 TCAP Information Elements / 421 15.3 TCAP Formats and Coding / 424 15.4 Transaction and Invoke Identities / 429 15.5 U.S. National TCAP / 431 15.6 Acronyms / 434 15.7 References / 435 16 Transactions in Intelligent Networks 16.1 Introduction to Intelligent Networks / 436 417 436 xii CONTENTS 16,2 Call Models and Triggers / 440 16.3 AIN Messages and Transactions / 447 16.4 AIN 0.1 Parameters / 453 16.5 Coding of Data Elements / 461 16.6 Messages and Parameters / 462 16.7 AIN Services / 470 16.8 Acronyms / 475 16.9 References / 476 17 Mobile Application Part 478 17.1 Introduction to IS- MAP / 479 17.2 Transactions for Registration and Authentication / 483 17.3 Calls to Mobile Stations / 490 17.4 Operations for Inter- system Handoff / 495 17.5 IS- MAP Formats and Codes / 500 17.6 Introduction to GSM- MAP / 508 17.7 Operations Related to Location Updating / 515 17.8 Operations for Calls Terminating at MS / 523 17.9 Operations and Procedures for Originating Calls / 528 17.10 Acronyms / 529 17.11 References / 531 index 533 PREFACE Telecommunications, which started as “telephony” before the turn of this century, has experienced a dramatic evolution in the past few decades. By pushing a few buttons on our telephones, we can make calls to almost any place in the world. Moreover, while the original purpose of these calls was to speak with a person at a distant location, we now also make calls to transmit written documents (facsimile), and other data. The introduction of computer- controlled exchanges has led to a host of new telecommunication services beyond “plain old telephone service,” for example, “call waiting,” “call forwarding,” and intelligent network services such as “800 number calling.” In addition, telecommunication networks are being converted from analog to digital technology, and Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) have made their appearance in several countries. Finally, cellular- mobile communications years. This book is about intended as successor of 1979. Broadly speaking, n .etwork- and * fl* the book with the same title, written by S. Welch in signals are instructions sent by a subscriber to the machines in the network- to set up and release between 1. connections. Signaling started as a part of Almond Strowgers invention of automatic telephony, which allowed the subscribers to call each other without the need of operator assistance. The subsequent developments in telecom- munications have created the need for increasingly powerful and complex signaling systems and procedures. have become widely accepted during the past few “signaling” in telecommunication networks. It is In the evolution of signaling, we can distinguish three phases: dial- pulse signaling, multi- frequency signaling, and common- channel signaling. The signals of dial- pulse and multi- frequency signaling are carried on the lines and trunks that also transport speech and other subscriber communications, and are known as channel- associated signaling systems. In the third- phase signaling systems, which became possible after the introduction of computer- controlled exchanges, lines and trunks do not carry signaling information. Instead, signaling consists of messages that are trans- ferred by signaling data links. A data link is a common transfer channel for the . . . XIII PREFACE signaling messages of a number of trunks, hence the name: common- channel signaling. This book is intended both for students of telecommunications, and for engineers and technical managers in the telecommunication industry. Its main objective is to provide, within the confines of one book, a solid understanding of the main characteristics of several important signaling systems. Writing a technical book is somewhat similar to viewing a forest. In a ground- level view of a forest, we observe a few nearby trees in great detail, but tend to lose sight of the forest as a whole. From an airplane, the forest looks like a green glob without much detail. A view from a helicopter includes both the forest and its most important features. This book aims to present a helicopter view of signaling. It provides sufficient information to become familiar with the subject as a whole, and can also serve as an introduction to the study of the detailed specifications (ground- level views) of individual signaling systems. Chapter 1 presents a broad- brush picture of telecommunication networks, including some hardware- oriented information on the principal entities in telecommunication networks. Chapter 2 introduces the most important signaling concepts. These chapters are included mainly for those readers who have little or no previous experience in telecommunications, and can be per- used quickly by others. Chapters 3 and 4 outline channel- associated signaling. Chapter 5 introduces common- channel signaling. It explores the reasons for going to this new type of signaling, and describes the networks of data links that carry the signaling messages. Chapter 6 covers the first common- channel systems: CCITT No.6 and Common- channel Interoffice Signaling (CCIS). Chapters 7 through 9 and 11 through 17 constitute the largest part of the book, and describe Signaling System No.7 (SS7). This system is structured as a collection of parts, each of which is responsible for a particular set of signaling functions. Chapter 10 is an intermezzo that describes the Digital Subscriber Signaling System No.1 (DSSl), which is used by ISDN subscribers. Chapter 11 returns to SS7 and covers the ISDN user part of SS7. Chapters 12 through 17 discuss the signaling for transactions, and describe some applications of transactions in intelligent and mobile networks. For brevity, the descriptions of signaling systems use many acronyms, and the resulting “alphabet soup” may initially be somewhat hard to digest. As a partial remedy, a list of acronyms appearing in the text and figures is included at the end of each chapter. The material in this book is based largely on the specifications of various signaling systems. I gratefully acknowledge the International Telecommuni- cation Union (ITU), Bellcore Inc., the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS), the Electronics Industries Association (EIA), the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, for allowing me to reproduce a number of figures and tables. Some of these reproductions have been simplified, by omitting details that are beyond the scope of this book. The original versions can be found in the referenced source documents. PREFACE This book could not have been written without the help of many former colleagues at Bell Laboratories, especially Dave Barclay, Mary Brown, Fabrizio Devetak, Juli Federico, Chuck Ishman (now at Motorola), Joel Marks, Eugenia Mindlin, Jay Mitchell, Bob Multra, Gerald Novak, John Rosenberg, and Don Truax. Special thanks are due to Adrian de Vries, who read the entire manuscript, and suggested numerous clarifications and improvements. Virginia Matthews, the librarian of Lucent Technologies Bell Laboratories at Indian Hills, helped enormously by locating the various specification documents, which are scattered across numerous laboratory sites. Last but not least, I would like to thank my wife Maria, for her encouragement at the times that I wondered whether this book would ever be completed, and her patience with the delays in “home” projects, which I put on the back burner while this book was being written. JOHN G. VAN BOSSE SIGNALING IN TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS There are two types of communication networks: circuit- switched networks and packed- switched networks. In circuit- switched networks, a dedicated physical circuit between the calling and called party is set up at the start of a call, and released when the call has ended. Telephone networks are circuit- switched networks. Today, these networks are used for speech and other purposes, such as facsimile, and are usually referred to as telecommunication networks. Initially, all communication networks were circuit- switched networks. Data communication networks made their appearance around 19