AS-1158.4-1987.pdf

AS 1158.41987 Australian Standard? SAA PUBLIC LIGHTING CODE Part 4SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHTING AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee LG/2, Street Lighting. It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on 16 March 1987 and published on 4 May 1987. The following interests are represented on Committee LG/2: Australian Automobile Association Australian Council of Local Government Engineers Associations Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Australian National Committee on Illumination Australian Road Research Board Department of Housing Construction Electricity Supply Association of Australia Illuminating Engineering Societies of Australia National Association of Australian State Road Authorities National Capital Development Commission The University of N.S.W., Department of Transport Engineering Traffic Authority of N.S.W. 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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 86065. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 AS 1158.41987 Australian Standard? THE LIGHTING OF URBAN ROADS AND OTHER PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES Known as the SAA PUBLIC LIGHTING CODE Part 4 SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHTING AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS First published as AS 1158, Part 51974. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revised and issued as AS 1158.41987. . . . . . . . . . . . . PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140 ISBN 0 7262 4635 2 Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Associations Committee on Street Lighting to supersede AS 1158, Part 51974. It forms Part 4 (designated AS 1158.4) of the new series of Standards that comprise the SAA Public Lighting Code.* One objective of AS 1158.1 is to ensure visibility of pedestrians for vehicle drivers anywhere along a road. Nevertheless, supplementary lighting may be required at some pedestrian crossing locations of which the following are examples: (a)On or near crests. From a drivers viewpoint the background beyond the pedestrian may comprise dark sky, darksurfaced fences or buildings, and/or a confused pattern of lights. Disability glare due to the headlights of approaching vehicles will be much greater than on level or uniformgrade roads. (b)At curves. The background beyond the pedestrian may comprise a confusing pattern of lights and roadside structures. (c)In locations where experience indicates that drivers may have special difficulty in seeing pedestrians using the crossing. Supplementary lighting can be beneficial at most pedestrian crossings in wet weather when the direct illumination of pedestrians by supplementary lighting can compensate for the reduced effectiveness of normal road lighting when the road surface is wet. The requirements of this Standard assume the existence of road lighting to at least Category A3 in AS 1158.1. Where the pedestrian crossing is located on a road which is unlit or lit only to Category B in AS 1158.1, upgrading of the road lighting in the vicinity of the crossing will be necessary. This Standard differs from AS 1158, Part 51974, in that the requirements are specified solely in terms of the desired photometric performance. However, guidance on the design and installation of floodlighting systems is provided in an appendix. *AS 1158.1SAA Public Lighting Code Part 1Performance and Installation Design Requirements AS 1158.2 SAA Public Lighting Code Part 2Computer Procedures for the Calculation of Light Technical Parameters for Category A Lighting AS 1158.3 SAA Public Lighting Code Part 3Guide to Design, Installation and Maintenance (in course of preparation) AS 1158.4SAA Public Lighting Code Part 4Supplementary Lighting at Pedestrian Crossings (this Standard). ? 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Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively inhouse by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time. Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3DEFINITIONS 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 2. OBJECTIVES AND LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS 2.1OBJECTIVES 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3BASIS OF COMPLIANCE 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS6. . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 3. FLOODLIGHTING EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS 3.1VISUAL AIMING DEVICE 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2USE OF FLOODLIGHT SHIELDS OR LOUVRES 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 4. PROVISION OF FLOODLIGHT AND INSTALLATION DATA 4.1MOUNTING AND AIMING INSTRUCTIONS 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2MANUFACTURERS COMPLIANCE TABLE 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION TABLE 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX A. GUIDE TO DESIGN AND INSTALLATION 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 AS 1158.419874 STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA Australian Standard for THE LIGHTING OF URBAN ROADS AND OTHER PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES PART 4SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHTING AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS SECTION 1. SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1SCOPE. This Standard specifies performance requirementsfor the floodlighting of pedestrian (zebra) crossings as defined in Clause 1.3.1. The requirements may also be applied to other forms of pedestrian crossings, e.g. signalised crossings, where the lighting of such crossings is specifically desired. The requirements of this Standard are based on the existence of road lighting in the vicinity of the crossing to at least Category A3 in AS 1158.1 (see Clause 2.2 herein). Therequirementsgenerallyassumethatthe pedestrian crossing islocated on a road with two-way traffic; however, unless otherwise stated, they also apply to pedestrian crossings on one-way roads. For roads with two-way traffic the requirements for each half of the crossing (from kerb to the road centre) are considered separately according to the direction of traffic flow. For one-way roads the requirements apply from kerb to kerb in the particular direction of traffic flow. NOTE: Appendix A provides guidance on the design and installationoffloodlightingsystemstosatisfythe requirements of this Standard. 1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. The following documents are referred to in this Standard: AS 1742Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices AS 1743Road Signs AS 1158.1SAA Public Lighting Code Part 1 Performance and Installation Design Requirements CIE Publication No 43 Photometry of Floodlights. 1.3DEFINITIONS.Forthepurposeofthis Standard, the definitions given in AS 1158.1 and the following apply. (Some of the terms defined below are illustrated in Fig. 2.1.) 1.3.1Pedestrian (zebra) crossinga portion of carriageway marked by a series of longitudinal bars placed parallel with the road centre-line and near each end of which is erected, to face approaching drivers, a walking legs sign. NOTE: For details of the road markings and walking legs sign see the relevant requirements of AS 1742 and AS 1743. 1.3.2 Crossing zonea space boundedby the extremities of the pedestrian crossing along and across the carriageway, up to a height of 1.5 m, and extending (a)Fortwo-wayundividedroadsfromthe nearsidekerborpavementedgetothe carriageway centreline (in each direction). (b)For one-way undivided roadsfrom kerb to kerb or pavement edge to pavement edge. (c)For divided roadsfrom the kerb or pavement edge to the median. NOTE: On roads with two-way traffic each half of the pedestrian crossing is treated separately for the purpose of lighting design. 1.3.3Crossing widththe horizontal distance, measured parallel to the centreline of the road, between the extremities of the marked crossing. 1.3.4 Vertical plane illuminancethe illuminance provided in the direction of traffic flow on a vertical surface at right angles to the road axis and within the crossing zone. 1.3.5Beam spread (in a particular plane)the angularsubtenseof thefloodlightbeamin a specified plane containing the axis of the beam. 1.3.6 Beam axisthe line through the centre of the floodlight in the mean direction of the beam. The beam axis normally coincides with the direction of maximum intensity. 1.3.7Aiming anglethe angle, in the vertical plane parallel to the road centre, between the beam axis and the downward vertical axis through the centre of the floodlight. 1.3.8Aiming pointa specified point on the carriageway at which the floodlight(s) must be aimed in order to achieve compliance with the requirements of Section 2. COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 5AS 1158.41987 SECTION 2. OBJECTIVES AND LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS 2.1 OBJECTIVES. The principal objectives in the floodlighting of pedestrian crossings are to (a)provide advance warning to motorists of the presence of the crossing; and (b) enhancepedestrianvisibilitybydirect illumination. These objectives are achieved by the use of a system of lighting comprising one or more floodlights mounted aboveeach stream of traffic with the beam(s) pointed in the direction of traffic flow towards the crossing, as illustrated in Fig. 2.1. 2.2 LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS. 2.2.1Road lighting in the vicinity of pedestrian crossings. Road lighting to at least Category A3 in AS 1158.1 shall be provided for not less than three spans on either side of the pedestrian crossing. 2.2.2Vertical plane illuminance. Floodlighting installationsshallprovideaverticalplane illuminance of not less than 45 1x within the crossing zone.Forthepurposeofthisrequirement, compliance shall be deemed to have been achieved if the vertical plane illuminance at each of the 18 points defined in Fig. 2.2 is not less than 45 1x. For calculationpurposes,thecarriagewayshallbe assumed to be horizontal and the installation to be new, i.e. new lamps and clean floodlights. 2.2.3Illuminance on the road surface. The illuminance provided on the road surface shall be deemed adequate if the vertical plane illuminance specified in Clause 2.2.2 is attained. 2.2.4Surround illumination. Illumination pro- vided by the floodlight(s) shall extend at least 3 m back from the kerb in order to adequately illuminate pedestrians about to use the crossing. NOTE: This requirement should normally be satisfied if the minimumverticalplaneilluminancespecifiedin Clause 2.2.2 is provided throughout thecrossing zone. Care should be taken to ensure that the illumination is not obstructed by shop awnings or trees. Beyond the 3-metre distance specified above, the luminous intensities provided by the floodlight(s) shall decrease rapidly to minimize the amount of light directed beyond the property line. Fig. 2.1. SCHEMATIC ARRANGEMENTOF A SYSTEM FOR FLOODLIGHTING PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS COPYRIGHT Accessed by UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on 04 Sep 2008 AS 1158.419876 2.2.5Glare control. The luminous intensity at 70 degrees to the downward vertical axis through the floodlight, in the vertical plane parallel to the road axis,shall not exceed8000cd.Theluminous intensity shall decrease rapidly and smoothly above that angle. NOTE: High beam intensities are necessary to achieve the required vertical plane illuminance throughout the whole of the crossing zone. Strict control of intensities directed towards the eyes of drivers approaching the crossing is therefore essential to avoid disability glare. 2.3BASIS OF COMPLIANCE. Design of an installation for compliance with the requirements in Section 2 will normally utilise either (a)a manufacturers compliance table (see Clause 4.2); or (b) independent calculation. Bothmethodsinvolvetheuseofasuitable floodlighting computer program and an intensity distribution table, i.e. an I-table, for the floodlight used (see Clause 4.3). A designer making independent calculations will, in additiontothecalculationsnecessaryfor determining compliance with Clause 2.2.2, need to separately assess the results for compliance with the requirements of Clauses 2.2.4 and 2.2.5. 2.4 MAINTENANCE