AWWA-B301-2004.pdf

The Authoritative Resource for Safe Drinking WaterSM ANSI/AWWA B301-04 (Revision of ANSI/AWWA B301-99) AWWA Standard Effective date: Sept. 1, 2004. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1992. This edition approved Jan. 18, 2004. Approved by American National Standards Institute July 14, 2004. Liquid Chlorine Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training ? Science and Technology Sections 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 1.800.926.7337 www.awwa.org Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ii AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice. American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE:The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900. Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2004 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- iii Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Disinfectants, which reviewed and approved this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: K. Blake Stark, Chair Gary F. Trojak, Vice Chair Consumer Members Illeana Alvarez,* John Preston Water Plant, Hialeah, Fla.(AWWA) B.S. Aptowicz, Philadelphia Water Department, Philadelphia, Pa.(AWWA) H.F. Hanson, Consultant, Woodbridge, Va.(AWWA) A.A. Khan, Pepsi Cola North America, Arlington, Texas(AWWA) R.C. Lorenz, Westerville Water Plant, Westerville, Ohio(AWWA) D.L. Saenz, Los Angeles Water but at 100°F (37.8°C), the chlorine vapor pressure increases to about 140 psig (1,000 kPa gauge). When the pressure is released, liquid chlorine vaporizes into a greenish-yellow gas about 2.5 times as dense as air. One volume of liquid chlorine, when vaporized, will yield about Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4AWWA B301-04 460 volumes of gas. At 60°F (15.6°C) under atmospheric pressure, about 0.8 lb of chlorine is soluble in 100 lb of water (equivalent to about 8 kg of chlorine in 1,000 kg 1 m3 of water).* 4.1.2Reactivity.Neither gaseous nor liquid chlorine is explosive or flamma- ble, but both can react violently with many organic materials and chemicals. Although dry chlorine does not react with (corrode) many metals, it is very reactive (strongly corrosive) when moisture also is present. It will react spontaneously with iron or steel at 483°F (251°C), and a similar reaction has been reported with copper at elevated temperatures. Dry chlorine will react spontaneously with titanium metal. Sec. 4.2Chemical Requirements The liquid chlorine supplied according to this standard shall be 99.5 percent pure by volume as determined by analyzing the chlorine by the method described in Sec. 5.3.2.1. Sec. 4.3Impurities 4.3.1General.The liquid chlorine supplied according to this standard shall contain no soluble mineral or organic substances in quantities capable of producing deleterious or injurious effects on the health of persons consuming water that has been treated properly with the liquid chlorine. 4.3.2Product certifications.Liquid chlorine is a direct additive used in the treatment of potable water. This material should be certified as suitable for contact with or treatment of drinking water by an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI§ Standard 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals Health Effects. Evaluation shall be accomplished in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than those listed in NSF/ANSI Standard 60. Certification shall be performed by a certification organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute. *For additional information on physical and thermodynamic properties, see the Chlorine Institute manuals referenced in appendix A of this standard or R.M. Kapoar and J.J. Martini, Thermodynamic Properties of Chlorine, University of Michigan Press (1957). See Sec. I.C of the foreword. NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105. §American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- LIQUID CHLORINE5 All chlorine used in water disinfection is required to be registered with USEPA under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).* 4.3.3Moisture.The liquid chlorine supplied shall be dry chlorine. Moisture shall not exceed 150 ppm (0.015 percent) by weight. 4.3.4Heavy metals.The sum of all heavy metals shall not exceed 30 ppm (0.003 percent) expressed as lead. 4.3.4.1Lead shall not exceed 10 ppm (0.001 percent) reported as lead. 4.3.4.2Mercury shall not exceed 1 ppm (0.0001 percent) reported as mercury. 4.3.4.3Arsenic shall not exceed 3 ppm (0.0003 percent) reported as metallic arsenic. 4.3.5Nonvolatile residue.The total residue shall not exceed (1) 50 ppm (0.005 percent), by weight, in liquid chlorine, as loaded by the manufacturer in tank cars and chlorine tank trucks, or (2) 150 ppm (0.015 percent), by weight, in liquid chlorine, as packaged in cylinders or ton containers. 4.3.6Carbon tetrachloride.Carbon tetrachloride shall not exceed 100 ppm (0.010 percent). Testing for carbon tetrachloride is not required unless a carbon tetrachloride tail-gas scrubbing system is used in the chlorine production unit or if it is used as a diluent for nitrogen trichloride. Consult with your manufacturer, packager, or supplier. 4.3.7Trihalomethanes.Trihalomethanes shall not exceed 300 ppm (0.030 percent). SECTION 5:VERIFICATION Sec. 5.1Inspection All containers shall be carefully examined by the supplier as discussed in Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 17 and in Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet C6, including proper holding of filled containers to check for leaks before filling. Any containers that show evidence of leakage, damage, or corrosion shall be rejected. *Users of ANSI/AWWA B301 outside the US should verify applicable local and national regulatory requirements. Because of frequent changes in these regulations, all parties should remain informed of possible revisions. Provisions of the purchasers specifications should not preclude compliance. Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6AWWA B301-04 Chlorine cylinders and ton containers, valves, valve threads, and valve packings shall be in good mechanical order and shall operate normally with a wrench that is no longer than 8 in. (0.2 m). If the condition of the container and valves does not conform to any recommended practice in the above pamphlets in all applicable respects, the manufacturer or packager supplying the chlorine shall be notified immediately and shall take immediate action to ensure compliance. Routine inspection and cleaning of the interiors of chlorine cylinders and ton containers shall be performed by the supplier because of the potential buildup of contaminants when chlorine is removed as a gas. Sec. 5.2Sampling If the purchaser specifies that the chlorine shall be tested, the samples shall be taken at the point of shipment according to ASTM E410, ASTM E412, and ASTM E806. Also see Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 77 on sampling chlorine. This system must be followed for carbon tetrachloride and trihalomethane analyses. Sec. 5.3Test Procedures 5.3.1General.Most purchasers will depend on the manufacturer or supplier to provide a certified analysis detailing the desired items; therefore, testing methods are listed by reference to the applicable ASTM and Food Chemicals Codex methods. 5.3.2Referenced test methods. 5.3.2.1Assay.Assay shall be as determined by ASTM E412 or by a gas chromatographic method. 5.3.2.2Moisture and residue.Moisture and residue shall be as determined by ASTM E410. 5.3.2.3Carbon tetrachloride and trihalomethanes. Carbon tetrachloride and trihalomethanes shall be determined by the test method described in ASTM E806. 5.3.3Sample solution for the determination of arsenic, heavy metals, lead, and mercury.To prepare the sample solution, dissolve the residue (obtained in the test for residue) in 2.5 mL of freshly prepared aqua regia. Dilute with water to a volume in milliliters equivalent to the weight in grams of the initial chlorine sample, so that 1 mL of the final dilution is equivalent to 1 g of chlorine. Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Approved by American National Standards Institute: May 21, 2002. Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/21/2007 03:26:41 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- LIQUID CHLORINE7 5.3.3.1Arsenic.*A 1-mL portion of the sample solution diluted with water to 35 mL shall meet the requirements of the arsenic test of the Food Chemicals Codex (4th ed., 1996). 5.3.3.2Heavy metals.A 0.67-mL portion of the sample solution diluted with water to 25 mL shall meet the requirements of the heavy metals test of the Food Chemicals Codex (4th ed., 1996), using 20 µg of lead ion (Pb) in the control (solution A). 5.3.3.3Lead.A 1-mL portion of the sample solution mixed with 5 mL of water and 11 mL of diluted hydrochloric acid test solution shall meet the requirements of the lead limit test of the Food Chemicals Codex (4th ed., 1996), using 10 µg of lead ion (Pb) in the control. 5.3.3.4Mercury.Mercury shall be determined by the test method described in ASTM E506. Sec. 5.4Basis for Rejection If the material or its container does not meet the chemical, physical, or safety requirements of this standard and the purchasers specifications, the supplier shall be notified immediately after observing the noncompliance within 30 days of receipt of shipment. In this event, the supplier shall remove the unsuitable product or container from the premises of the purchaser at the purchasers request and replace it with a like amount of satisfactory liquid chlorine in an acceptable container. *Atomic absorption spectrometric methods as described in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (lat