BS-CECC-00806-1997.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS CECC 00806:1997 Harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components Guide to total quality management (TQM) for CECC-approved organizations The European Standard CECC 00806:1994 has the status of a British Standard ICS 31.020 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1997 © BSI 12-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference L/9/3 Announced in BSI Update February 1997 ISBN 0 580 27316 4 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee L/9, Electronic components policy committee, to Subcommittee L/9/3, Quality assessment procedures, upon which the following bodies were represented: Federation of the Electronic Industries National Supervising Inspectorate (BSI PC) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 © BSI 12-1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National Foreword ii Forewordiii Text of CECC 008061 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 ii © BSI 12-1998 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee L/9/3, and is the English language version of CECC 00806:1994 Harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components. Guide to total quality management (TQM) for CECC-approved organizations, published by the CENELEC Electronic Components Committee (CECC) of the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). This British Standard is published under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board whose Technical Committee L/9 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTE International and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references Publication referred toCorresponding British Standard EN 100114-1:1994BS EN 100114 Rule of Procedure 14: Quality assessment procedures Part 1:1994 Approval of manufacturers and other organizations EN 45002:1989BS 7502:1989 General criteria for the assessment of testing laboratories CECC 00015:1991BS EN 100015 Basic specification. Protection of electrostatic sensitive devices CECC 00016:1990BS CECC 00016:1991 Harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components. Basic specification: basic requirements for the use of statistical process control (SPC) in the CECC system CECC 200000:1993BS CECC 200000:1993 Harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components. Requirements for process assessment schedules for process approval CECC 210000:1994BS CECC 210000:1995 Harmonized system of quality assessment for electronic components. Requirements for technology approval schedules (TAS) ISO 9001:1994BS EN ISO 9001:1994 Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing ISO 9002:1994BS EN ISO 9002:1994 Quality systems. Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing ISO 9004-1:1994BS EN ISO 9004 Quality management and quality assurance standards Part 1:1994 Guidelines Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the CECC title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 ii © BSI 12-1998 Contents Page Foreword iii Preface iii 1 Purpose of this Guidance Document 1 2What is Total Quality Management (TQM)?1 2.1Introduction1 2.2Definitions1 3Why TQM?1 4Established approaches to TQM2 4.1Standards and guidelines relevant to TQM2 4.2Application of TQM to electronics companies and their customers organizations2 4.2.1 Structures and programmes2 4.2.2 Company awards2 4.3TQM methodology2 4.3.1 Methods, tools and techniques used in TQM3 4.3.2 Methods, tools and techniques used in process management3 4.3.3 General procedures and tools4 4.4 Award systems4 4.5The European Foundation for Quality Management4 4.5.1 Status4 4.5.2 Purpose4 4.5.3 E.F.Q.M. statement on “why Europe needs quality management”4 4.5.4 The European Quality Award4 4.5.5 Relationships to national quality organisations5 5Implementation: How to start a TQM programme and ensure it continues5 5.1The multinational company approach5 5.2The plan-execute-harvest approach5 5.3The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) programme6 5.4Step by step models6 6Achievement7 6.1Methods of measurement7 6.2Stages of self-assessment7 7Relationship between CECC approvals and the TQM concept8 8CECCs position on TQM9 Annex A Models and Definitions of TQM11 Annex B Company approaches to TQM13 Annex C Specific techniques used in TQM programmes20 Annex D References26 Figure 1 3 Figure 26 Figure 37 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 © BSI 12-1998iii Foreword The CENELEC Electronic Components Committee (CECC) is composed of those member countries of the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) who wish to take part in a harmonized System for electronic components of assessed quality. The object of the System is to facilitate international trade by the harmonization of the specifications and quality assessment procedures for electronic components, and by the grant of an internationally recognized Mark, or Certificate, of Conformity. The components produced under the System are thereby accepted by all member countries without further testing. At the date of printing of this guidance document, the member countries of CECC are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, and copies of it can be obtained from the addresses shown on the blue fly sheet. Preface This document was prepared by CECC WG Quality Assessment Procedures. The text of this document was not circulated to the CECC for voting but the document has been approved by the President of the CECC for printing as a CECC Guidance Document. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 © BSI 12-19981 1 Purpose of this guidance document CECC provides a European system of standards and certification for all companies concerned with the design, manufacture, distribution and use of electronic components and the provision of related services. CECC recognizes that many of these companies are already implementing, or may wish to implement, TQM practices in association with CECC certification. The purpose of this document is to assist CECC approved companies, or those seeking CECC approval, in considering the parallel implementation of CECC procedures and TQM practices. It seeks to highlight the common elements of TQM, based on practical examples and experience from the electronic components industry, and to illustrate the compatibility of CECC requirements with TQM methodology. 2 What is Total Quality Management (TQM)? 2.1 Introduction TQM is an innovative approach to business management, embracing advanced concepts and working methods to ensure an effective, efficient way of running an organization. Whilst it invokes many specific management techniques and business control procedures, it is not a set of rules to be followed blindly. Although TQM has as its basis traditional Quality Management Systems (such as those required by the EN 29 000 series), it combines conventional quality methods traditionally restricted to production activities with all other aspects of a business and its place in society. TQM is the practical application of the philosophy that the most efficient methods of working are those which produce and deliver the intended product and/or service, at the quality required by the customer, without waste of material, time or energy. In particular, it widens the concept of customer/supplier relations to include internal links within the organization. The introduction of a TQM programme in any company requires commitment at all levels of the organization. It should not be assumed that success is guaranteed: perhaps 60 % to 70 % of TQM exercises fail because of questionable commitment, economic factors or for other reasons. It is recognised that the most effective way of managing a given situation depends on the organization, resources, people and culture concerned. Identifying a single model for the implementation of TQM is thus difficult, if not impossible. This document attempts to highlight those aspects of TQM which are thought to be most applicable to the European Electronic Components Industry. 2.2 Definitions Many organizations are attempting to identify and specify the basic principles of TQM, resulting in many and varied definitions. In the CECC context, however, a number of acknowledged models and definitions of TQM may serve to illustrate the key principles. (See Annex A). 3 Why TQM? It is estimated that about one third of all effort expended in business is wasted because of errors which occur in conducting business operations. Errors tend to multiply, and errors in one part of an organization create problems elsewhere, leading to further errors and problems. In consequence, most of the staff in any company will spend a significant proportion of working time correcting errors, seeking to identify causes, checking reasons for late delivery and apologizing to customers. TQM practices are designed to reduce or eliminate errors and waste, and to improve the effectiveness, flexibility and competitiveness of a business as a whole, involving all activities and the entire workforce in the way the business is conducted. TQM can be applied throughout an organization so that staff from different departments with differing priorities and abilities communicate with, and assist, each other. It may reasonably be argued that this is the natural way for small organizations to function, but that growing or large organizations, with a tendency towards increasing bureaucracy, overstretched communications channels, conflicting functional goals and even internal rivalries between some individuals and departments, may lose touch with the basic principles which are embraced within the TQM concept. In the modern business environment companies need consistently to offer products and/or services that have customer appeal if they are to advance their position, or even maintain their foothold, in the market place. Customer appeal may be achieved in many ways, but in the professional electronic components business the dominant factors that enhance market acceptance are technical performance, product integrity (quality), product cost, reliability, availability, on time and accurate delivery service and the suppliers reputation. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 01:23:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS CECC 00806:1997 2 © BSI 12-1998 The application of TQM methodology should ensure that all these factors are continuously addressed by the company so that a progressive improvement is achieved in the match between the product or service and the customers requirement. The key factor in achieving sales is the cost of a product or service. This cost is increasingly understood as the “total cost of ownership” covering not only the initial purchase cost, but also all consequent costs during the usable life of the purchased product or service. This total cost should be attractive to the customer when compared with the cost of competing products or services. In a TQM environment, the management determines the most cost effective way of designing, manufacturing or processing, marketing and delivering the product or service, and introduces a planned programme whereby all processes are critically examined on a regular basis to identify possible improvements. Inefficiency and waste are progressively eliminated, and product/service cost, and profit, may be optimized. The statistical control of production and all other processes within identified limits prevents the production of out of tolerance products or services and minimizes the need for inspection and test phases. Products or services achieve consistent performance and quality, and thus enhance the reputation of the manufacturer or supplier in the market place. The process control systems applied within a TQM approach provide records of performance that may be used as evidence towards achieving or maintaining CECC Technology Approval, Process Approval or product qualification, if this should be a management requirement. Achievement of these approvals provides an independent assurance of product/service quality to customers and eliminates or reduces the need for a multiplicity of separate assessments by different equipment manufacturers or trade associations. The successful application of TQM benefits both manufacturer/supplier and customer. The TQM concept is thus fully supported by the CECC System as a valid management strategy which is easily linked to CECC approval. 4 Established approaches to TQM 4.1 Standards and guidelines relevant to TQM There are several international and national draft standards and standards relat