BS-EN-12413-1999.pdf

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12413:1999 The European Standard EN 12413:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 25.100.70 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 06:50:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 November 1999 BSI 11-1999 ISBN 0 580 32830 9 BS EN 12413:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12413:1999. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MTE/13, Grinders, wheels, abrasive tools, paper and cloths, powders, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 45 and a back cover The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 06:50:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite  Europe Âen de Normalisation Europa Èisches Komitee fu Èr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12413:1999 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12413 NORME EUROPE ÂENNE EUROPA ÈISCHE NORM April 1999 ICS 25.100.70 English version Safety requirements for bonded abrasive products Exigences de se Âcurite  pour les produits abrasifs agglome Âre Âs Sicherheitsanforderungen fu Èr Schleifko Èrper aus gebundenem Schleifmittel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 March 1999. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 06:50:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 12413:1999 BSI 11-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143, Machine tools Ð Safety, the Secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 0Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions and symbols3 3.1bonded abrasive products3 3.2abbreviations for materials3 3.3grinding machine4 3.4type of application4 3.5method of operation4 3.6abbreviations for bonded abrasive products5 3.7symbols for speed of rotation, speeds and safety factors6 3.8other symbols6 3.9other definitions6 4List of hazards6 5Requirements6 5.1General requirements6 5.2Dimensional limitations for standard grinding wheel shapes depending on type of machine, type of application and maximum operating speed6 Page 5.3Limits deviations and run-out tolerances6 5.4Admissible unbalance8 5.5Marking8 5.6Blotters8 5.7Mounted points8 6Inspection and testing by the manufacturer8 6.1Test methods8 6.2Scope of the inspection25 7Information for use26 Annex A (normative) Marking27 A.1Purpose27 A.2Content of marking27 A.3Execution of marking27 A.4Design of the marking30 Annex B (normative) Blotters31 B.1Purpose31 B.2Scope31 B.3Requirements32 B.4Supply of blotters with abrasive products32 Annex C (normative) Mounted points33 C.1Scope33 C.2Shapes, dimensions and limit deviations33 C.3Maximum permissible speed33 C.4Calculation of maximum permissible speeds of rotation41 Annex D (informative) Procedures of test methods for side load capacity43 D.1Single point side load43 D.2Three point side load43 D.3Impact test43 Annex E (informative) Conversion table for speed of rotation and peripheral surface speed44 Annex F (informative) Bibliography45 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 06:50:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 12413:1999 BSI 11-1999 0 Introduction This standard has been prepared to be a European Standard to provide one means of conforming with the Essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations. This standard is addressed to designers, manufacturers and suppliers of the grinding tools described in the Scope. In addition, it helps designers, manufacturers and suppliers of grinding machines in the selection of grinding tools, in order to reduce the risks and achieve conformity of the respective machinery with the Essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the Scope of this standard. 1 Scope This standard is applicable to rotating bonded abrasive products. It specifies requirements and/or measures for the removal or reduction of hazards resulting from the design and application of the grinding tools. This standard contains also procedures and tests for verification of the compliance with the requirements as well as safety information for use which is to be made available to the user by the manufacturer. The hazards taken into consideration are listed in clause 4 of this standard. This standard applies to bonded abrasive products with aluminium oxide, silicon carbide or zirconia alumina as abrasive. It does not apply to rotating superabrasives with diamond or cubic boron nitride as abrasive and also not to coated abrasive products. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated reference subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. ISO 525, Bonded abrasive products Ð General Ð Designation, marking, range of outside diameters and tolerances. ISO 6103, Bonded abrasive products Ð Static balancing of grinding wheels Ð Testing. ISO/DIS 13942, Bonded abrasive products Ð Limit deviations and run-out tolerances. 3 Definitions and symbols 3.1 bonded abrasive products bonded abrasive products are production tools that perform their task by cutting a chip or piece from the material being ground. They consist of abrasives and bond Bonded abrasive products within the meaning of this standard are all grinding wheels, cup wheels, cylinder wheels, segments and mounted wheels. 3.2 abbreviations for materials For the purposes of this standard the following definitions and symbols apply. Table 1 Ð Abrasives AAluminium oxide BSilicon carbide ZZirconia alumina Table 2 Ð Grit Macro gritsMicro grits coarsemediumfinevery fine 43070230 53680240 64090280 746100320 854120360 1060150400 12180500 14220600 16Ð800 20Ð1 000 221 200 24Ð Table 3 Ð Hardness grade Hardness grade is designated by a letter of the alphabet. ªAº being the softest and ªZº the hardest. ABCDextremely soft EFGÐvery soft HIJKsoft LMNOmedium PQRShard TUVWvery hard XYZÐextremely hard Table 4 Ð Structure Wheel structure may be designated by numbers, usually 0 to 14, with higher numbers indicating more open structure. Table 5 Ð Type of bond VVitrified bond RRubber bond RFReinforced rubber bond BResinoid and other thermosetting organic bonds BFResinoid bond fibre-reinforced EShellac bond MGMagnesite bond PLPlastic bond Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 06:50:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 12413:1999 BSI 11-1999 Table 6 Ð Type of application Grinding methodType of machineType of applicationAbrasive productWorkpiece Stationary grinding machines Mechanically guided grinding FixedGuided mechanically Guided mechanicallyFixed Guided mechanicallyGuided mechanically GrindingStationary and mobile grinding machines Manually guided grinding Guided by handFixed FixedGuided by hand Hand-held grinding machines Hand-held grindingGuided by handFixed Stationary cutting-off machines Mechanically guided cutting-off FixedGuided mechanically Guided mechanicallyFixed Guided mechanicallyGuided mechanically Cutting-offStationary and mobile cutting-off machines Manually guided cutting-off Guided by handFixed FixedGuided by hand Hand-held cutting-offHand-held cutting-offGuided by handFixed 3.3 grinding machine 3.3.1 stationary grinding machines machines are fixed to their position during operation due to their nature or their mechanical attachment. They also include for example fixed swing-frame grinding machines and mobile machines clamped firmly in position during use, e.g. track grinding machine 3.3.2 mobile grinding machines machines which are manually guided (but not supported) by hand during use, e.g. floor grinding machines, flexibly suspended swing-frame grinding machines 3.3.3 hand-held grinding machines machines, including those with flexible drives, are held in the hand during the grinding process 3.3.4 stationary cutting-off machines machines are specifically designed for cutting-off or slotting applications. They also include transportable cutting-off machines, which are clamped firmly in position during use 3.3.5 mobile cutting-off machines machines which are guided (but not supported) by hand during the cutting process, e.g. floor saws, flexibly suspended swing-frame cutting-off machines 3.3.6 hand-held cutting-off machines machines which are held in the hand during cutting off applications 3.3.7 grinding- and cutting-off machines with totally enclosed working area stationary machines for mechanically guided grinding or cutting-off with operating areas, which are protected by separating guards in such a way that machining processes, including loading and unloading of workpieces, can be carried out inside them and persons are protected against hazards generated by bursting of an abrasive product 3.4 type of application see Table 6 3.4.1 mechanically guided grinding the feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are guided by mechanical means 3.4.2 manually guided grinding the feed movements of the grinding tool and/or the workpiece are manually guided by the operator 3.4.3 hand-held grinding the grinding machine is entirely guided by the operator's hands 3.5 method of operation 3.5.1 peripheral grinding grinding with the periphery of the wheel with limited or no side loads 3.5.2 face grinding grinding with the face of the wheel 3.5.3 cutting-off cutting-off or slotting with the periphery of the cutting-off wheel 3.5.4 high pressure grinding grinding with high contact pressure Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 06:50:43 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 5 EN 12413:1999 BSI 11-1999 3.7 symbols for speed of rotation, speeds and safety factors Table 8 Ð Speed and test AbbreviationsDesignationDefinitionUnit nSpeed of rotationRevolutions per minute (rpm) min21or 1 min nabDeflection speed of mounted points Speed in r/min at which the spindle of mounted points is deflecting under centrifugal force min21or 1 min nmaxMaximum permissible speed of rotation Revolutions per minute (r/min) of the new abrasive product at maximum peripheral operating speed min21or 1 min vPeripheral surface speedSpeed at the periphery of the abrasive productm/s vsMaximum operating speed The maximum permissible peripheral surface speed of a rotating abrasive product m/s vprSafety test speedPeripheral speed at which abrasive products are tested by the manufacturer m/s fprTest speed factorThe ratio of the safety test speed, divided by the maximum operating speed Ð vbrBursting speedThe peripheral surface speed at which the abrasive product breaks under stress m/s vbr minMinimum bursting speedPeripheral surface speed, which the abrasive product shall at least reach without bursting due to centrifugal force m/s SSafety factorThe bursting speed, divided by the maximum operating speed, all squared. The formula for S is: S = 2 vbr vS Ð SabSafety factor of spindle deflection for mounted points The ratio of the deflection speed, divided by the maximum permissible speed of rotation. The formula is: Sab= nab nmax Ð 3.6 abbreviations for bonded abrasive products Table 7 Ð Abbreviations for bonded abrasive products SymbolDesignation ASmallest width of a trapezoidal segment BWidth of a segment CThickness of a segment DOu