BS-EN-12472-1999.pdf
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12472:1999 The European Standard EN 12472:1998 has the status of a British Standard ICS 39.060 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Method for the simulation of wear and corrosion for the detection of nickel release from coated items Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:51:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 1999 BSI 04-1999 ISBN 0 580 30848 0 BS EN 12472:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 12472:1998. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee STI/53, Jewellery, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references publications. The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:51:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite  Europe Âen de Normalisation Europa Èisches Komitee fu Èr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12472:1998 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 12472 NORME EUROPE ÂENNE EUROPA ÈISCHE NORM November 1998 ICS 39.060 Descriptors: precious metals, nickel coatings, tests, migration, detection, nickel, accident prevention, wear tests, accelerated corrosion tests, procedure English version Method for the simulation of wear and corrosion for the detection of nickel release from coated items Me Âthode pour la simulation de l'usure et de la corrosion pour la de Âtermination du nickel libe Âre  par les objets reve Ãtus Simulierte Abrieb- und Korrosionspru Èfung zum Nachweis der Nickelabgabe von mit Auflagen versehenen Gegensta Ènden This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 October 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:51:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 12472:1998 BSI 04-1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 283, Precious metals Ð Applications in jewellery and associated products, the Secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1999. Annex A is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:51:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 3 EN 12472:1998 BSI 04-1999 Introduction The wear of objects in contact with the skin depends very much on nature and shape of the objects and the activities of the person concerned. This procedure attempts to simulate the wear and corrosion likely to be suffered by a coated article during two years of normal use. By its nature this is a pragmatic solution to the problems posed by the evaluation of coated items which are in contact with the skin, and which may be subject to several kinds of wear. 1 Scope and field of application This European Standard specifies a method for accelerated wear and corrosion, to be used for the detection of nickel release from coated items that come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed below. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 1811, Reference test method for release of nickel from products intended to come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. 3 Principle The items to be tested are exposed to a corrosive atmosphere before being placed into a container together with abrasive chips, water, and a wetting agent. The container is rotated so as to subject the test pieces to friction from the mass of abrasive chips. This action smoothes the surfaces and abrades the coatings of the test items. The items are then tested for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811. 4 Reagents and materials Except where indicated, all reagents shall be of recognized pro analysis, p.a., grade or better and shall be free of nickel. 4.1 Corrosion 4.1.1 Container made of an inert material (glass or plastic), with a lid and a device made of inert material for suspending the test pieces. 4.1.2 Corrosive medium, dissolve 50 g DL-Lactic acid, 88 % purity, and 100 g sodium chloride in 1 000 ml deionized water. 4.1.3 Degreasing solution, dissolve 5 g of an anionic surface-active agent such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate or sodium alkylaryl sulfonate in 1 000 ml water. An appropriately-diluted, neutral, commercially-available detergent may be used. 4.1.4 Laboratory oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of (50±2) 8C. 4.2 Wear 4.2.1 Plastic container, having a minimum capacity of 2 l, such as a wide-mouth cylindrical plastic bottle, with a leak-proof screw closure. NOTEContainers with a diameter of between 115 mm and 150 mm have been found generally suitable. 4.2.2 Wear test apparatus, a device capable of imparting a constant rotating movement around the long axis of the container (4.2.1), the later being positioned horizontally (see Figure 1). The device shall be capable of adjustment such that the velocity of the container is (12±1) m/min at its circumference. Figure 1 Ð Rotation of the container 4.2.3 Abrasive chips, chips of cylindrical shape, cut at 458±108 at each extremity (see Figure 2), made of sintered corundum free of nickel, and having the characteristics given in Table 1. Before abrasive chips are used for the first time, subject them to preliminary wear by rotating them in the absence of any test pieces for 50 h under the conditions stipulated in 5.3. Rinse the chips thoroughly with a strong flow of tap water to remove all particles. Then, rinse the chips with deionized water. Table 1 Ð Characteristics of abrasive chips DimensionsHardnessMaximum duration for using the same chips Diameterlength ab 3 mm to 4 mm 9 mm to 11 mm 6 Mohs to 7 Mohs 500 h Figure 2 Ð Details of an abrasive chip Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 08:51:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 4 EN 12472:1998 BSI 04-1999 4.2.4 Deionized water. 4.2.5 Sodium lauryl sulfate, 20 % aqueous solution. 4.2.6 Wear medium, the medium is composed of abrasive chips (4.2.3) and a lubricant consisting of a 0,1 % (V/V) aqueous solution of 20 % sodium lauryl sulfate solution (4.2.5). Abrasive and lubricant are mixed before use as indicated in 5.3. 4.2.7 Nitric acid, r = 1,40 g/ml, 65% (m/m). 4.2.8 Dilute nitric acid, approximately 5 % (m/m). Transfer 30 ml of nitric acid (4.2.7) into a 500 ml beaker containing 350 ml of deionized water. Stir and cool to room temperature. Transfer the solution to a 500 ml volumetric flask and make up to volume with deionized water. 5 Procedure 5.1 Sample preparation Gently swirl the sample for 2 min in degreasing solution (4.1.3) at room temperature. Rinse thoroughly with deionized water and dry. After degreasing, samples should be handled with plastic forceps or clean protective gloves. NOTEThis cleaning stage is intended to remove extraneous grease and skin secretions due to handling, but not any protective coatings. 5.2 Corrosion procedure If applicable, the items to be tested shall first be opened to reveal critical surfaces. The items are suspended in a closed container (4.1.1) a few centimetres above the corrosive medium (4.1.2) for 2 h at 50 8C. Open the container carefully under a fume hood. Rinse the items with deionized water and, if the wear procedure (5.3) is not to be carried out immediately, allow them to dry on an absorbing tissue. NOTEParts of items which do not come into prolonged contact with the skin may be removed or protected before being subjected to corrosion and wear. 5.3 Wear procedure Fill the plastic container (4.2.1) to 50 % of its volume with an appropriate amount of abrasive chips which have been subjected to preliminary wear (4.2.3). Prepare the wear medium (4.2.6) by adding a volume of lubricant equal to 70 % of apparent volume of the chips. Add the test items. Items to be tested together shall be of a similar type, taking into account their shape, size and finish. The total volume of items and wear medium in the container shall not exceed 75 % of the container's volume. Close the lid of the container and place it horizontally on the wear test apparatus (4.2.2). Run the apparatus at the specified speed for a total of 4 h. NOTEParts of items which do not come into prolonged contact with the skin may be removed or protected before being subjected to wear. 5.4 Determination of nickel release Separate the items from wear medium, rinse the items thoroughly with deionized water and allow to dry. Test the items for nickel release in accordance with EN 1811. NOTEIndicative information on the extent of nickel release can be obtained by performing one of the tests specified in prEN 12471. 5.5 Reuse of chips If the chips have not been used for more than 500 h and are to be reused, wash them thoroughly in tap water followed by soaking for at least 16 h in dilute nitric acid (4.2.8). Rinse thoroughly in tap water and finally in deionized water. 6 Test report In addition to the information required by EN 1811, the test report shall contain the following particulars: a) a reference to this standard, i.e. EN 12472; b) details of any deviations from this standard method, if relevant; c) any unusual feature(s) observed during the test. Annex A (informative) Bibliography prEN 12471, Screening tests for nickel release from alloys and coatings in items that come into direct and prolonged contact with the skin. 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