BS-EN-12697-8-2003.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12697-8:2003 Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens The European Standard EN 12697-8:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 93.080.20 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 12697-8:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 April 2003 © BSI 2 April 2003 ISBN 0 580 41484 1 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12697-8:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/510, Road materials, to Subcommittee B/510/1, Coated macadam and hot asphalt, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 12697-8 March 2003 ICS 93.080.20 English version Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour enrobés à chaud - Partie 8: Détermination de la teneur en vides des éprouvettes bitumineuses Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 8: Bestimmung von volumetrischen Charakteristiken von Asphalt-Probekörpern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12697-8:2003 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12697-8:2003 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1Scope 5 2Normative references 5 3Terms and definitions5 4Determination of the air voids content (Vm)6 5Determination of the percentage of the voids in the mineral aggregate filled with binder (VFB).7 Bibliography9 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12697-8:2003 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12697-8:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials“, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2005. This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below. EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 1: Soluble binder content EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 3: Binder recovery: Rotary evaporator EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 4: Binder recovery: Fractionating column EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 5: Determination of the maximum density EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimen by hydro-static method EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 7: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by gamma rays EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 8: Determination of void characteristics of bituminous mixtures EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 9: Determination of the reference density EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 10: Compactibility prEN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 11: Determination of the compatability between aggregate and binder prEN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 12: Determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 13: Temperature measurement EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 14: Water content EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity prEN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres prEN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 17: Partial loss of porous asphalt specimen prEN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 18: Binder drainage from porous asphalt Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12697-8:2003 (E) 4 prEN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 19: Permeability of specimen prEN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 20: Indentation using cube or marshall specimen prEN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens prEN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 22: Wheel tracking prEN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens prEN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 24: Resistance to fatigue prEN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 25: Cyclic compression test prEN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 26: Stiffness EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 27: Sampling EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 28: Preparation of samples for determining binder content, water content and grading EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of bituminous specimen prEN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 30: Preparation of specimen by impact compactor prEN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 31: Specimen preparation, gyratory compactor EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 32: Laboratory compaction of bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor prEN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 33: Specimen preparation, slab compactor prEN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 34: Marshall test prEN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 35: Laboratory mixing EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 36: Method for the determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement prEN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA prEN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 38: Test equipment and calibration The applicability of this European Standard is described in the product standards for bituminous mixtures. No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12697-8:2003 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard describes a procedure for calculating two volumetric characteristics of a compacted bituminous specimen: the air voids content (Vm) and the voids content in the mineral aggregate filed with binder (VFB). The method is suitable for specimens which are laboratory compacted or specimens from cores cut from the pavement after placement and compacting. These volumetric characteristics can be used as mix design criteria or as parameters for evaluating the mixture after placing and compacting in the road. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 5: Determination of the maximum density. EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures Test methods for hot mix asphalt Part 6: Determination of bulk density of bituminous specimens by hydro-static method. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 air void pocket of air between the bitumen-coated aggregate particles in a compacted bituminous specimen 3.2 air voids content (Vm) volume of the air voids in a bituminous specimen, expressed as a percentage of the total volume of that specimen 3.3 maximum density mass per unit volume without air voids of a bituminous material at known test temperature 3.4 bulk density mass per unit volume, including the air voids, of a specimen at known test temperature 3.5 void in the mineral aggregate (VMA) volume of inter-granular void space between the aggregate particles of a compacted bituminous mixture that includes the air voids and the volume of the bituminous binder in the specimen, expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the specimen NOTEAn allowance should be made for the absorbency of binder by the aggregate, which can otherwise lead to an over estimation of the air voids content. The level of absorbency depends on the porosity of the aggregate. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12697-8:2003 (E) 6 3.6 void filled with binder (VFB) percentage of the voids in the mineral aggregate, filled with binder 4 Determination of the air voids content (Vm) 4.1 Principle The air voids content of a bituminous specimen is calculated using the maximum density of the mixture and the bulk density of the specimen. 4.2 Calculation The air voids content shall be calculated to the nearest 0,1 % (v/v) as follows: 100× = m bm m V % (v/v)(1) where Vmis the air voids content of the mixture, in 0,1 percent (v/v); mis the maximum density of the mixture, in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3); bis the bulk density of the specimen, in kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3). 4.3 Precision Calculate the precision of this test method from the precision of the test methods for maximum density and bulk density according to the following formula: 4 2222 y xy yx yx + = / (2) where x/yis the standard deviation for determining the precision limits of a new standard based on the air voids content of the present mixture; xis the standard deviation from the precision statement EN 12697-5; yis the standard deviation from the precision statement EN 12697-6; xis the mean or average value of the bulk density of the present mixture; yis the mean or average value of the maximum density of the present mixture. From the average values of r and R as obtained in tests EN 12697-5 and EN 12697-6 this results in the following values for the air voids content calculation: Repeatability r: Standard deviation:r = 0,4 % (v/v); Repeatability: r = 2,77 × r = 1,1 % (v/v) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Oct 28 11:53:19 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 12697-8:2003 (E) 7 Reproducibility R: Standard deviation:R = 0,8 % (v/v); Reproducibility: R = 2,77 × R = 2,2 % (v/v). 4.4 Test report With reference to this European Standard the test report for the determination of the air voids content (Vm) shall include the following information: a) Origin of the specimen; b) methods used to determine maximum density and bulk density; c) a maximum density and the bulk density, in kilogram per cubic metre