BS-EN-15644-2008.pdf

BS EN 15644:2008 ICS 91.060.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Traditionally designed prefabricated stairs made of solid wood Specifications and requirements This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2009 © BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 58297 4 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments BS EN 15644:2008 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15644:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/543, Round and sawn timber. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 15644:2008 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 15644 December 2008 ICS 91.060.30 English Version Traditionally designed prefabricated stairs made of solid wood - Specifications and requirements Escaliers préfabriqués de conception traditionnelle en bois massif - Spécifications et exigences Traditionell konstruierte, vorgefertigte Treppen aus Massivholz - Spezifikationen und Anforderungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15644:2008: E BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 General principles8 4.1 Classification 8 4.1.1 General 8 4.1.2 Climatic conditions (location) 8 4.1.3 Traffic frequency 9 4.1.4 Comfort .9 4.2 Performance characteristic required .9 4.2.1 General 9 4.2.2 Mechanical resistance and stability.9 4.2.3 Safety in case of fire . 10 4.2.4 Hygiene, health and environment (dangerous substances) 10 4.3 Geometry of stairs and safety in use 11 4.3.1 Geometry of stairs including landings . 11 4.3.2 Slipperiness . 11 4.3.3 Safety equipment 11 4.3.4 Safe breakage 13 4.3.5 Impact resistance 14 4.4 Protection against noise 14 4.5 Energy economy . 14 4.6 Aspects of durability, serviceability and identification 14 4.6.1 General . 14 4.6.2 Resistance to deterioration caused by climatic conditions . 14 4.6.3 Resistance to deterioration caused by chemical agents 14 4.6.4 Resistance to deterioration caused by biological agents 14 4.6.5 Finishes . 15 5 Methods of verification and assessments . 15 5.1 Performance characteristics and verification methods 15 5.1.1 General . 15 5.1.2 Mechanical resistance and stability 17 5.1.3 Design provisions for earthquake resistance 18 5.1.4 Load/displacement behaviour and vibrations . 18 5.1.5 Resistance of fixings 18 5.2 Safety in case of fire . 18 5.2.1 Resistance to fire 18 5.2.2 Reaction to fire 18 5.3 Safety in use 19 5.3.1 Geometry on the stair including landings 19 5.3.2 Slipperiness . 21 5.3.3 Safety equipment 21 5.3.4 Safe breakage 21 5.3.5 Impact resistance 22 5.4 Protection against noise 22 5.5 Thermal performance . 22 5.6 Aspect of durability, serviceability and identification 22 5.6.1 General . 22 5.6.2 Resistance to deterioration caused by climatic conditions . 22 BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 3 5.6.3 Resistance to deterioration caused by chemical agents 23 5.6.4 Resistance to deterioration caused by biological agents . 23 5.6.5 Finishes 23 6 Application to prefabricated stairs made of solid wood . 23 6.1 Intended use . 23 6.1.1 General 23 6.1.2 Intended use: heated space . 23 6.1.3 Intended use: unheated space (humid conditions) . 23 6.1.4 External conditions non exposed or exposed 23 6.2 Materials . 24 7 Solid wood prefabricated stair characteristics 24 7.1 General 24 7.2 Solid wood products . 24 7.3 Other materials 24 7.4 Safety in case of fire 24 7.4.1 Resistance to fire . 25 7.4.2 Reaction to fire . 25 7.5 Dangerous substances . 28 7.5.1 Formaldehyde release (expressed in term of classes) 28 7.5.2 Content of pentachlorophenol (expressed in term of values) 28 7.6 Safety in use . 28 7.6.1 Impact resistance 28 7.6.2 Slipperiness . 28 7.6.3 Load bearing capacity of stairs 28 7.6.4 Stability and stiffness 28 7.6.5 Resistance to fixing . 29 7.7 Acoustic performance . 29 7.8 Biological durability 29 7.8.1 General 29 7.8.2 Natural durability . 29 7.8.3 Wood treated against biological attack . 29 7.8.4 Biological durability level (expressed in term of use classes) . 30 7.9 Surface resistance . 30 7.9.1 Finishes and wear resistance . 30 7.9.2 Hardness 30 7.9.3 Resistance to chemical agents 30 7.10 Safety equipment . 30 7.11 Safe breakage 30 7.12 Impact resistance 30 7.13 Behaviour of stair in various/changing indoor and outdoor climates . 30 7.14 Dimensions 31 7.15 Classification and decorative appearance of elements . 31 7.16 Dimensioning of risers and treads and the slope of the stair. 31 7.17 Finishing . 31 8 Factory production control . 31 8.1 General 31 8.2 Equipment 32 8.3 Raw material and components . 32 8.4 Production process . 32 8.5 Product testing and evaluation 32 8.6 Non-conforming products 32 9 Labelling . 33 10 Handling, installation, maintenance and care 34 Annex A (informative) Dimensional and performance characteristics of balustrades, handrails and flights of stairs in connection with the classification given in 4.1 . 35 A.1 Handrails and/or balustrades . 35 BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 4 A.1.1 Minimum lowest height of handrails and/or balustrades corresponding to the classification given in 4.1 35 A.1.2 Grip of handrail . 36 A.2 Mechanical performance characteristics . 36 A.3 Sequence of tests . 36 Annex B (informative) General considerations regarding biological durability 37 B.1 General precautions (extract from EN 335-2:2006, Annex 3) . 37 B.2 Natural or conferred durability of sound wood (extract from EN 335-2:2006, Annex 4) . 37 Annex C (normative) Formaldehyde classes 38 C.1 Product to be tested . 38 C.2 Materials to be tested . 38 Annex D (informative) Remind of classes of reaction to fire performance for construction products for flooring including their surface coverings (OJEC 150/18 - 23.2.2000) (Extract from EN 13501- 1:2007) 40 Annex E (informative) Examples of traditional and non traditional timber stairs . 41 E.1 Examples of traditional timber stairs 41 E.2 Examples of non traditional timber stairs 43 Bibliography . 46 BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 5 Foreword This document (EN 15644:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 175 “Round and sawn timber”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This standard is divided into parts: - Clauses 4 and 5: General questions; - Clauses 6 to 11: Applications to stairs made of solid wood. If a general standard on stairs is developed and adopted, Clauses 4 and 5 of this document will be reconsidered to be aligned with the general standard, if needed. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard gives specifications and requirements for prefabricated stairs made of solid wood, i.e. where the components contributing to the fulfilment of mechanical resistance and stability characteristics are made of solid wood. These stairs are traditionally designed. NOTE 1 If the filling of the guarding does not contribute to the mechanical stability and resistance, the used material is not relevant. NOTE 2 Examples of traditionally made/designed stairs are given in Annex E. This European Standard covers: stairs either pre-assembled, partly pre-assembled or in component form including balustrades and handrails for internal or external use. This European Standard does not consider the contribution of these elements to the overall structure design. The ability of a stair to contribute to the overall stability of the works or to the strength of the structure is not covered by this standard. Carpets on stairs are not covered by this Standard. The surfaces of the wooden elements may be exposed or covered by finishes. Where stairs are supplied with a finish or covering, aesthetic or visual characteristics will not be covered by this Standard and references shall be made to the appropriate product standard (e.g. colour fastness of carpet finishes). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 335-2:2006, Durability of wood and woodbased products Definition of use classes Part 2: Application to solid wood EN 350-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability of solid wood Part 1: Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood EN 350-2, Durability of wood and wood-based products Natural durability of solid wood Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe EN 351-1, Durability of wood and woodbased products Preservativetreated solid wood Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 599-1, Durability of wood and woodbased products Efficacy of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests Part 1: Specification according to use class EN 599-2, Durability of wood and woodbased products Performance of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests Part 2: Classification and labelling EN 1121, Doors - Behaviour between two different climates - Test method EN 1294, Door leaves - Determination of the behaviour under humidity variations in successive uniform climates EN 1365-6, Fire resistance tests for loadbearing elements - Part 6: Stairs EN 1534, Wood and parquet flooring Determination of resistance to indentation (Brinell) Test method EN 1990, Eurocode Basis of structural design BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 7 EN 1995-1-1, Eurocode 5 - Design of timber structures Part 1-1: General Common rules and rules for buildings ENV 1998-1-2:1994, Eurocode 8 Design provisions for earthquake resistance of structures Part 1-2: General rules Generals rules for buildings EN 12219, Doors Climatic influences Requirements and classification EN 12600, Glass in building Pendulum test. Impact test - method and classification for flat glass EN 13442, Wood and parquet flooring and wood panelling and cladding Determination of the resistance to chemical agents EN 13501-1:2007, Fire classification and construction products and building elements Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests EN 13647, Wood and parquet flooring and wood panelling and cladding Determination of geometrical characteristics EN 13696, Wood flooring Test methods to determine elasticity and resistance to wear and impact resistance EN 13986, Wood-based panels for use in construction Characteristics, evaluation of conformity and marking EN 14076:2004, Timber stairs Terminology CEN/TS 15680, Prefabricated timber stairs Mechanical test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14076:2004 and the following apply. 3.1 overlap horizontal distance (o) between the nosing of a tread that covers the rear edge of the immediate lower tread (see Figure 4) 3.2 calculation assessment of characteristics (for example mechanical resistance, stability, etc.) using formulae of appropriate design models for the structural behaviour of stairs and components including the use of tabulated values (for some characteristics, Eurocodes are relevant) 3.3 traditionally-designed prefabricated stair stair made of solid wood with steps with or without riser, housed on both ends into strings, either close string(s) and/or cut string(s) NOTE Fixing of steps on both ends in/on strings indicates a design of steps as single-span beam (examples given in Annex E). 3.4 solid wood wood sawn or otherwise machined which may include finger jointed and/or laminated wood (as defined in EN 335-2) NOTE A decorative veneer may be used if the hidden parts are made of solid wood. BS EN 15644:2008 EN 15644:2008 (E) 8 3.5 historical data test results following the provisions of the product technical specification, obtained before it was in force and complying with this technical specification (see Guidance Paper M:May 2005) 3.6 stair made of solid wood components (steps, strings, guarding/railing, etc.) which contribute to the fulfilment of mechanical resistance and stability characteristics (vertical and horizontal) are of solid wood 3.7 classified without the need further testing CWFT procedure by which the level of performance of a product is initially demonstrated by testing, in such a way that manufac