BS-EN-15195-2007 BS-2000-498-2007.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 15195:2007 BS 2000-498:2007 Liquid petroleum products Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber The European Standard EN 15195:2007 has the status of a British Standard ICS 75.160.20 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15195:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 June 2007 © BSI and Energy Institute 2007 ISBN 978 0 580 53010 4 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 15195:2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Energy Institute, under the brand of IP, publishes and sells all Parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be Part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication “Standard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 Parts” and individually. Further information is available from: Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR. Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 15195 April 2007 ICS 75.160.20 English Version Liquid petroleum products - Determination of ignition delay and derived cetane number (DCN) of middle distillate fuels by combustion in a constant volume chamber Produits pétroliers liquides - Détermination du délai d'inflammation et de I'indice de cétane dérivé (ICD) des distillats moyens par combustion dans une enceinte à volume constant Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Bestimmung des Zündverzugs und der abgeleiteten Cetanzahl (ACZ) von Kraftstoffen aus Mitteldestillaten in einer Verbrennungskammer mit konstantem Volumen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15195:2007: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15195:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations6 5 Principle7 6 Reagents and materials 7 7 Apparatus .8 7.1 Combustion analyzer 8 7.2 Filter medium .8 8 Sampling.10 9 Apparatus assembly and installation10 10 Preparation of apparatus 11 10.1 System start-up and warm-up11 10.2 Standard operating conditions.11 10.3 Standard test conditions.11 10.4 Final check .12 11 Calibration, verification and quality control .12 11.1 General12 11.2 Calibration12 11.3 Apparatus verification.13 11.4 Quality control (QC).13 12 Test procedure.13 13 Calculation14 14 Expression of results 14 15 Precision.14 15.1 General14 15.2 Repeatability.14 15.3 Reproducibility.14 16 Test report15 Annex A (normative) Test apparatus description 16 Annex B (normative) Operational details in support to the standard test procedure19 Annex C (informative) Apparatus maintenance .22 Bibliography23 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15195:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15195:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15195:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This document is derived from joint standardization work in the Energy Institute and ASTM International. It is based on IP 498/06 1 published by the Energy Institute and harmonized with equivalent IP 2 and ASTM 3 Standards. The described method is an alternative quantitative determination of the cetane number of middle distillate fuels intended for use in compression ignition engines. Correlation studies between this method and EN ISO 5165:1998 have been done and the results of this are incorporated in this European Standard. The basis of this method is the derived cetane number correlation equation as given in Clause 13. The ongoing validation of the equation is monitored and evaluated through the existing monthly American and European fuel exchange programs. The validation data will be reviewed by CEN/TC 19 with a frequency of at least every two years. As a result of the review, CEN/TC 19 may make the decision to, if necessary, modify the existing equation/correlation or develop a new one. As part of this review, the sample types will be examined, and if certain types are underrepresented, further steps may be taken to evaluate how they perform. For the moment the basics of one type of apparatus are described1. Once more correlation data on different types of derived cetane number testing equipment is available, CEN/TC 19 will consider revising this European Standard. 1 The injection pump in the currently described apparatus is covered by a patent. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15195:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This document specifies a test method for the quantitative determination of ignition delay of middle distillate fuels intended for use in compression ignition engines. The method utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber designed for operation by compression ignition, and employing direct injection of fuel into compressed air that is controlled to a specified pressure and temperature. An equation is given to calculate the derived cetane number (DCN) from the ignition delay measurement. This standard is applicable to diesel fuels, including those containing FAME. The method is also applicable to middle distillate fuels of non-petroleum origin. However, users applying this standard especially to unconventional diesel fuels are warned that the relationship between derived cetane number and combustion behaviour in real engines is not yet fully understood. The standard covers the ignition delay range from 3,3 ms to 6,4 ms (61 DCN to 34 DCN). The combustion analyser can measure shorter or longer ignition delays, but precision can be affected. NOTE For the purpose of this European Standard, the expression “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction and “% (m/m)” the mass fraction. WARNING The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids Manual sampling (ISO 3170:2004) EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171:1988) EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) EN ISO 5165:1998, Petroleum products - Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels - Cetane engine method (ISO 5165:1998) ISO 1998-2:1998, Petroleum industry Terminology - Part 2: Properties and tests ISO 4010, Diesel engines Calibrating nozzle, delay pintle type 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1998-2:1998 and the following apply. 3.1 cetane number CN measure of the ignition performance of a fuel in a standardized engine test on a scale defined by reference fuels NOTE 1 It is expressed as the percentage by volume of hexadecane (cetane) in a reference blend having the same ignition delay as the fuel for analysis. The higher the cetane number, the shorter the ignition delay. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15195:2007 (E) 6 NOTE 2 ISO 1998-2 expresses it as “number on a conventional scale, indicating the ignition quality of a diesel fuel under standardized conditions“, but for this document the definition as given is chosen. 3.2 ignition delay ID period of time, in milliseconds, between the start of fuel injection and the start of combustion NOTE In the context of this standard, this period is determined by movement and pressure sensors in the instrument. 3.3 derived cetane number DCN calculated value using an equation that correlates a combustion analyser ignition delay result to the cetane number 3.4 accepted reference value ARV value agreed upon as a reference for comparison NOTE The value may be that derived from scientific principles assigned by an accredited organization, or a consensus value based on collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. 3.5 quality control sample stable and homogenous material(s) similar in nature to the materials under test, properly stored to ensure integrity, and available in sufficient quantity for repeated long-term testing 3.6 calibration reference fluid stable and homogenous fluid used to calibrate the performance of the combustion analyzer 3.7 verification reference fluid stable and homogenous fluid used to verify the performance of the combustion analyzer 4 Symbols and abbreviations Ti injector coolant temperature Timin minimum injector coolant temperature Timax maximum injector coolant temperature Tamin minimum combustion chamber air temperature Tamax maximum combustion chamber air temperature Tpsmin minimum combustion chamber pressure sensor temperature Tpsmax maximum combustion chamber pressure sensor temperature Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Jul 03 01:09:52 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15195:2007 (E) 7 5 Principle A test portion of the material under test is injected into a charge of compressed air in a constant volume combustion chamber. Sensors detect the start of injection and the start of combustion for each single-shot cycle. A complete test sequence consists of 15 preliminary combustion cycles to ensure apparatus equilibrium and 32 subsequent test cycles to obtain ignition delay values. The average ignition delay (ID) of these 32 cycles is inserted into an equation to obtain the derived cetane number (DCN). The DCN obtained by this procedure is an estimate of the cetane number (CN) obtained from the conventional large-scale engine test EN ISO 5165. 6 Reagents and materials 6.1 Water, unless otherwise specified, meeting the requirements for grade 3 of EN ISO 3696. 6.2 Coolant system fluid, 50:50 volumetric mixture of commercial grade ethylene glycol-type radiator antifreeze with water (6.1). NOTE This mixture meets the boiling point requirements and gives adequate protection of the coolant system against corrosion and mineral scale that can alter heat transfer and rating results. See the manufacturers manual for the correct ethylene glycol-type antifreeze quality. 6.3 Calibration reference fluid, heptane of a purity of minimum 99,5 % (m/m) to be used as the designated 3,78 ms ignition delay accepted reference value material. NOTE If the initial purity is not known and during a long-time stored reference fluid, it is advised to check the purity in accordance with IP 537 4. 6.4 Verification reference fluid, methylcyclohexane of a purity of minimum 99,0 % (m/m) to be used as the designated 10,4 ms ignition delay accepted reference value material. NOTE If the initial purity is not known and during a long-time stored reference fluid, it is advised to check the purity in accordance with IP 537 4. 6.5 Quality control sample 6.6 Combustion charge air, of oxygen content 20,9 % (V/V) ± 1,0 % (V/V), and containing less than 0,003 % (V/V) hydro-carbons and less than 0,025 % (V/V) water. NOTE The effects of air quality deviations are still under investigation. The limiting values are based on current practice. 6.7 Actuating air, oil-free compressed air containing less than 0,1 % (V/V) wa