BS-EN-22234-1993 ISO-2234-1985.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 22234:1993 ISO 2234:1985 Incorporating Amendment No.1 Complete, filled transport packages. Methods of test for stacking using static load The European Standard EN 22234:1992 has the status of a British Standard UDC 621.798.1:620.17 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 22234:1993 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 July 1986 First published August 1972 First revision July 1996 © BSI 02-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PKM/501 Draft for comment 84/42149 DC ISBN 0 580 15244 8 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee PKM/501, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Drum Manufacturers British Fibreboard Packaging Association Chemical Industries Association Department of Trade and Industry (Laboratory of the Government Chemist) Electronic Components Industry Federation Glass Manufacturers Federation Institute of Packaging Ministry of Defence PIRA (The Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and Packaging Industries) Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Telecommunication Engineering and Manufacturing Association (TEMA) Timber Research and Development Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 7455March 1993Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 22234-1993 © BSI 02-1999i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 222343 Publications referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 22234:1993 ii © BSI 02-1999 National foreword This revision of this Part of BS 4826 has been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Committee and is identical with ISO 2234-1985 “Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stacking tests using static load” published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS 4826-3:1972 which is withdrawn. In 1992 the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) accepted ISO 2234:1985 as European Standard EN 22234:1992. As a consequence of implementing the European Standard this British Standard is renumbered as BS EN 22234 and any reference to BS 4826-3 should be read as a reference to BS EN 22234. Terminology and conventions. The text of the international standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a British Standard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in British Standards; attention is drawn especially to the following. Wherever the words “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “British Standard”. The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 2233, a new edition of which is currently in preparation and to which reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A related British Standard is BS 4826 “Complete, filled transport packages” Part 2:1986 “Method of conditioning for testing”. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference International standardCorresponding British Standard BS 4826 Methods of test for complete, filled transport packages ISO 2206-1972Part 1:1972 Identification of package parts when testing (Technically equivalent) BS 4826 Complete, filled transport packages ISO 2874-1985Part 9:1986 Method of test for stacking using compression tester (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 4, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 22234 November 1992 UDC 621.798.1:620.17 Descriptors: Packing complete- and filled packages, transport packing, stacking tests, static loading English version Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stacking tests using static load (ISO 2234:1985) Emballages Emballages dexpédition complets et pleins Essai de gerbage utilisant une charge statique (ISO 2234:1985) Verpackung Versandfertige Packstücke Stapelprüfung unter statischer Last (ISO 2234:1985) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-10-30. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 22234:1992 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 22234:1992 © BSI 02-1999 2 Foreword In 1991, ISO 2234:1985 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stacking tests using static load was submitted to the CEN Primary Questionnaire procedure. Following the positive result of the CEN/CS Proposal ISO 2234:1985 was submitted to the Formal Vote. The result of the Formal Vote was positive. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 1993, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 1993. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 1Scope and field of application3 2References3 3Principle3 4Apparatus3 5Package preparation3 6Conditioning3 7Procedure4 8Test report4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 22234:1992 © BSI 02-19993 1 Scope and field of application This International Standard specifies three methods for carrying out a stacking test on a complete, filled transport package, using a static load. Whichever method is employed, the test may be used to assess the performance of a package in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it is subjected to stacking. It may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects (deformation, creep, collapse or failure) of stacking or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package to withstand a distribution system that includes a stacking hazard. The test may also be used to investigate performance under particular conditions of loading, as, for example, when the bottom package in a stack rests on an open-decked pallet; or when the profile of the superimposed load is eccentric, as when it is supported on the bearers of a single-decked pallet which rests on a container. For such purposes, one of the three methods of carrying out the test may be more suitable than the others. NOTEA method for carrying out a stacking test using a compression tester is given in ISO 2874. 2 References ISO 2206, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Identification of parts when testing. ISO 2233, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Conditioning for testing. ISO 2874, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Stacking test using compression tester. 3 Principle In simple testing, placing of the test package on a flat, horizontal surface and subjection of the package to an evenly distributed load applied from above, using one of three methods. The load, atmospheric conditions, period of time under load and attitude of the package are predetermined. The top-to-bottom or the side-to-side deflection of the package during the test may be measured, if appropriate. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Horizontal surface, which is flat (the difference in height between the highest and lowest points not exceeding 2 mm) and rigid. A concrete floor at least 150 mm thick is suitable. 4.2 Means of loading, which, according to the method chosen (1, 2 or 3), is as described in 4.2.1 to 4.2.3. 4.2.1 Method 1: stack of packages, each package being identical with the package under test. The number of packages is such that their total mass forms an appropriate load. 4.2.2 Method 2: loading Platform, free to tilt to an equilibrium position on the test package, together with an appropriate load. The load and loading platform may be integral. The loading platform, when placed centrally on top of the test package, shall be large enough to extend to at least 100 mm over all sides of the top surface of the package and rigid enough to support the load completely without deformation. NOTEThis type of load is sometimes referred to as “free load”. 4.2.3 Method 3: loading platform, such that the lower surface of the platform is constrained to remain horizontal, together with an appropriate load. The load and loading platform may be integral. The loading platform, when placed centrally on top of the test package, shall be large enough to extend to at least 100 mm over all sides of the top surface of the package and rigid enough to support the load completely without deformation. NOTE 1This type of load is sometimes referred to as a “guided load”. NOTE 2If guides are used to ensure that the loading platform remains horizontal, they shall not cause friction that could affect the test results. 4.3 Means of measuring deflection (if necessary), accurate to ± 1 mm and capable of indicating either an increase or a decrease in dimensions. In addition, the apparatus shall meet the requirements and tolerances of clause 7. NOTEStable and safe loading during the test is dependent on the friction between the top surface of the package and the bottom surface of the loading platform, as well as the ability of the package to resist deformation. Means shall therefore be provided to produce a stable test assembly and to ensure that if failure occurs the load is restrained and does not cause danger to personnel in the vicinity. 5 Package preparation The test package shall normally be filled with its intended contents. However, simulated or dummy contents may be used, on condition that the dimensions and physical properties of such contents shall be as close as possible to those of the intended contents. Ensure that the test package is closed normally, as if ready for distribution. If simulated or dummy contents are used, ensure that the normal method of closure is still employed. 6 Conditioning The package shall be conditioned in accordance with one of the conditions described in ISO 2233. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 03 08:04:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 22234:1992 4 © BSI 02-1999 7 Procedure Whenever possible the test shall be carried out in the same atmospheric conditions as used for conditioning where this is critical to the materials or the application of the package. In other circumstances, the test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions which are as near as practicable to those used for conditioning. 7.1 Position the stack of packages (4.2.1) or, alternatively, the loading platform (4.2.2 or 4.2.3) centrally over the test package which has been placed on the flat, horizontal surface (4.1). 7.2 If methods 2 and 3 are being used, place the masses making up the load on the loading platform without impact, ensuring that they are in full contact with the loading platform before being released. The masses shall be distributed uniformly over that portion of the surface of the loading platform in direct contact with the test package to ensure that the centre of gravity of the load is immediately above the centre of the top surface of the package. The mass of the total load, including the mass of the loading platform, shall be within 2% of the predetermined value. The distance of the centre of gravity of the load above the loading platform shall not exceed 50% of the height of the test package. 7.3 Apply the load for the required period of time (usually 24 h, according to the material) or until collapse. 7.4 Remove the load and examine the package. NOTE 1At any time during the test it may be necessary to measure dimensions. NOTE 2Appropriately profiled inserts to represent particular loading condition may be placed above or below the test package or both above and below, as required. 8 Test report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) reference to this International Standard; b) number of replicate packages tested; c) full description of the package, including dimensions, structural and material specifications of the package and its fittings, cushioning, blocking, closure or reinforcing arrangements; d) description of contents if simulated or dummy contents were used, full details shall be given; e) gross mass of the package, and mass of contents, in kilograms; f) relative humidity, temperature and time of conditioning; temperature and relative humidity of test area at time of test; whether these values comply with the requirements of ISO 2233; g) the attitude in which the package was tested, using the method of identification given in ISO 2206; h) mass, in kilograms, of total loa