BS-EN-ISO-10545-14-1997.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10545-14:1997 Ceramic tiles Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains The European Standard EN ISO 10545-14:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.20 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10545-14:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 November 1997 © BSI 04-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/539 Draft for comment 93/109112 DC ISBN 0 580 28662 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/539, Ceramic tiles and other rigid tiling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Building Engineers British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Ceramic Research Ltd. British Ceramic Tile Council Building Research Establishment Chartered Institute of Building Concrete Society Construction Confederation Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Contract Flooring Association Federation of Master Builders Federation of Resin Formulators and Applicators Health and Safety Executive Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain London Underground Ltd. Mortar Producers Association National Federation of Clay Industries National Federation of Terrazzo, Marble and Mosaic Specialists National Master Tile Fixers Association National Tile, Faience and Mosaic Fixers Society Natural Slate Quarries Association Royal Institute of British Architects Stone Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10545-14:1997 © BSI 04-2000i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 1Scope3 2Normative reference3 3Principle3 4Staining agents3 5Cleaning3 6Test specimens4 7Procedure4 8Classification of results4 9Test report4 Annex A (normative) Specifications for “Green staining agent in light oil”6 Annex B (normative) Specifications for “Red staining agent in light oil”6 Figure 1 Classification of the results of the stain resistance test5 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN ISO 10545-14:1997 ii © BSI 04-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/539 and is the English language version of EN ISO 10545-14:1997 Ceramic tiles Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is identical with ISO 10545-14:1995, including its Technical Corrigendum 1:1997, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes the test for staining in BS 6431-19:1984, which will be withdrawn when Parts 1 to 16 of BS EN ISO 10545 have all been published. This Part of BS EN ISO 10545 was originally drafted by CEN/TC 67, Ceramic tiles, as part of EN 122, published in 1985, and confirmed in 1991. Subsequently the European Standard was revised by ISO as a Part of ISO 10545, which has now been approved by CEN as a Part of EN ISO 10545. The technical changes from the method described in BS 6431-19 are as follows. The staining agents applied to the tiles are pastes of green and red oxides in light oil, iodine in alcohol, and olive oil. After the staining agent has been in contact with the tile for 24 h, it is cleaned successively with hot water, a weak cleaning agent and a strong cleaning agent that contains an abrasive. The tiles are then classified into five classes after examination. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 6 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN ISO 10545-14 July 1997 ICS 91.100.20Supersedes EN 122:1991 Descriptors: Ceramics, tiles, tests, stain tests English version Ceramic tiles Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains (ISO 10545-14:1995, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997) Carreaux et dalles céramiques Partie 14: Détermination de la résistance aux taches (ISO 10545-14:1995, Rectificatif Technique 1:1997 inclus) Keramische Fliesen und Platten Teil 14: Bestimmung der Beständigkeit gegen Fleckenbildner (ISO 10545-14:1995, einschließlich Technische Korrektur 1:1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-05-01. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 10545-14:1997 E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-14:1997 © BSI 04-2000 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC 189, Ceramic tiles, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been taken over as a European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC 67, Ceramic tiles, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard supersedes EN 122:1991. EN ISO 10545 consists of the following Parts, under the common title Ceramic tiles. Part 1: Sampling and basis for acceptance; Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality; Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density; Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength; Part 5: Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution; Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles; Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles; Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion; Part 9: Determination of resistance to thermal shock; Part 10: Determination of moisture expansion; Part 11: Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles; Part 12: Determination of frost resistance; Part 13: Determination of chemical resistance; Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains; Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles; Part 16: Determination of small colour differences; Part 17: Determination of coefficient of friction. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 1998, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO 10545-14:1995 and ISO Technical Corrigendum 1:1997 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without technical modifications. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-14:1997 © BSI 04-20003 1 Scope This part of ISO 10545 specifies a method for determining the resistance to stains of the proper surface of ceramic tiles. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 10545. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 10545 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 10545-7:, Ceramic tiles Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles1). 3 Principle Determination of the resistance to stains by maintaining test solutions and materials in contact with the proper surface of the tiles for a suitable length of time; the surfaces are then subjected to defined cleaning methods, and finally inspected for visual changes. 4 Staining agents2) 4.1 Stains leaving a trace (pastes) 4.1.1 Green staining agent in light oil, in accordance with the specifications of Annex A. 4.1.2 Red staining agent in light oil (for green-coloured tiles only), in accordance with the specifications of Annex B. 4.2 Stains having chemical/oxidizing action 4.2.1 Iodine, 13 g/l solution in alcohol. 4.3 Stains, forming a film. 4.3.1 Olive oil, according to the definitions of the International Olive Oil Agreement (1979). 5 Cleaning 5.1 Cleaning agents 5.1.1 Hot water, at a temperature of (55 ± 5) °C. 5.1.2 Weak cleaning agent: a commercial agent, not containing abrasive, with a pH of 6,5 to 7,5. 5.1.3 Strong cleaning agent: a commercial cleaning agent, containing abrasive, with a pH of 9 to 10. The cleaning agents used shall not contain hydrofluoric acid or its compounds. 5.1.4 Suitable solvents 5.1.4.1 Hydrochloric acid, 3 %(V/V), prepared from concentrated HCl (Ô = 1,19 g/ml). 5.1.4.2 Potassium hydroxide, 200 g/l solution. 5.1.4.3 Acetone If other specific solvents are used, they shall be specified in the test report. 5.2 Cleaning procedures and apparatus 5.2.1 Procedure A Clean the test specimen with running hot water (5.1.1) for 5 min, then wipe the surface with a damp cloth. 5.2.2 Procedure B Clean the test specimen manually with the weak cleaning agent (5.1.2), using a natural, non-abrasive sponge or a cloth, then rinse the surface with running water, and finally wipe it with a damp cloth. 5.2.3 Procedure C Clean the test specimen mechanically with the strong cleaning agent (5.1.3). Example of apparatus: Rotating brush, with hard bristles, having a 8 cm diameter, rotational frequency approximately 500 r/min. Tank for the cleaning agent, equipped with a suitable feeder, and connected to the brush. Carry out cleaning for 2 min, then rinse the surface with running water and finally wipe it with a damp cloth. 5.2.4 Procedure D Immerse the test specimen for 24 h in a suitable solvent (5.1.4), then thoroughly rinse the surface with running water and finally wipe it with a damp cloth. Cleaning is considered to be accomplished if any one of the solvents (5.1.4) removes the stain. 5.3 Auxiliary apparatus 5.3.1 Drying oven, capable of being operated at (110 ± 5) °C. 1) To be published. 2) The stains specified are only examples of basic groups. There are many other staining materials which may, upon agreement by the parties concerned, be tested using the procedure specified in this part of ISO 10545. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 20 03:09:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN ISO 10545-14:1997 4 © BSI 04-2000 Microwave, infrared or other drying systems which allow shorter drying times, may be used provided that it has been determined that the same results are obtained. 6 Test specimens Five unused and undamaged test specimens shall be used, and they shall consist of whole tiles or cut tiles. However, a sufficient surface area is required to ensure separation of the stains. If the tiles are too small, additional ones may be used. The test specimens shall be thoroughly cleaned with water and then dried in the oven (5.3.1) adjusted to (110 ± 5) °C until constant mass is reached, i.e. until the difference between two successive weighings is less than 0,1 g. The test specimens shall then be cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. When it is agreed to test unglazed tiles after abrasion, the samples shall be prepared according to the procedure specified in ISO 10545-7, at 600 rev. 7 Procedure 7.1 Application of the staining agent Spread 3 or 4 drops of the paste (4.1.1 or 4.1.2) on the surface. Allow 3 or 4 drops of each of the liquids (4.2.1 and 4.3.1) to cover separate areas of the test surface. Place a convex watch glass of diameter approximately 30 mm on the applied drops, in order to spread them to an approximately circular area. Leave staining agents in place for 24 h. 7.2 Attempts to remove stains Subject the test specimens, treated according to 7.1, successively to the cleaning procedures described in 5.2 (procedures A, B, C and D). After each cleaning procedure, dry the test specimens in the oven (5.3.1) adjusted to (110 ± 5) °C and subject them to a visual examination. Examine the surface with the naked eye or with spectacles if usually worn, at a distance of 25 cm to 30 cm in daylight or artificial illumination of approximately 300 lx, but avoid direct sunlight. In the case of stains listed in 4.1, staining shall only be reported when the pigment is visible. If there is no visible effect, i.e. if the stain has been removed, record the cleanability class according to Figure 1; if the stain is not removed, proceed to the following cleaning procedure. 8 Classification of results In consequence of the procedure described in 7.1 and 7.2, ceramic surfaces are divided into five classes given in Figure 1. Record the result for each test specimen (unabraded and, if agreed, after abrasion for unglazed tiles) with each staining agent. Class 5