BS-EN-ISO-13934-1-1999.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 13934-1:1999 Textiles Tensile properties of fabrics Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method The European Standard EN ISO 13934-1:1999 has the status of a British Standard ICS 59.080.30 BS EN ISO 13934-1:1999 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 1999 © BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 32513 X National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN ISO 13934-1:1999. It is identical with ISO 13934-1:1999. It supersedes BS 2576:1986 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN ISO title page, pages 2 to 10 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments BS EN ISO 13934-1:1999 © BSI 03-2000i Contents Page National forewordInside front cover Foreword2 Text of EN ISO 13934-13 ii blank EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN ISO 13934-1 February 1999 ICS 59.080.30 Descriptors: Textiles, textile products, fabrics, mechanical tests, tension tests, determination, breaking load, elongation at break, specimen preparation English version Textiles Tensile properties of fabrics Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method (ISO 13934-1:1999) Textiles Propriétés des étoffes en traction Partie 1: Détermination de la force maximale et de lallongement à la force maximale par la méthode sur bande (ISO 13934-1:1999) Textilien Zugeigenschaften von textilen Flächengebilden Teil 1: Bestimmung der Höchstzugkraft und Höchstzugkraft-Dehnung mit dem Streifen-Zugversuch (ISO 13934-1:1999) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 November 1998. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Europäisches Komitee für Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels © 1999 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 13934-1:1999 E EN ISO 13934-1:1999 © BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword The text of EN ISO 13934-1:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 “Textiles”. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 1999. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 4Principle4 5Sampling4 6Apparatus5 7Atmosphere for conditioning and testing5 8Preparation of test specimen5 9Procedure6 10Calculation and expression of results7 11Test report7 Annex A (informative) Suggested procedure for sampling8 Annex B (informative) Locations of test specimens cut from a laboratory sample9 Annex C (informative) Bibliography10 Figure 1 Example of force-elongation curve4 Figure B.1 Locations of test specimens cut from a laboratory sample9 Table 1 Rate of extension or elongation6 Table A.1 Bulk sample8 EN ISO 13934-1:1999 © BSI 03-20003 Introduction This part of EN ISO 13934 has been prepared in the context of several test methods for determination of certain mechanical properties of textiles using mainly tensile testing machines, e.g. tensile properties, seam tensile properties, tear properties, seam slippage. The procedure for these standards agree where appropriate. The results obtained by one of the methods should not be compared with those obtained by the other methods. ISO 13934 consists of the following parts, under the general title Textiles Tensile properties of fabrics: Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using a strip method; Part 2: Determination of maximum force using a grab method. Annex A, Annex B and Annex C of this part of EN ISO 13934 are for information only. 1 Scope This part of EN ISO 13934 specifies a procedure to determine the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of textile fabrics using a strip method. NOTEPart 2 of EN ISO 13934 describes the method known as the grab method. For informative references see Annex C. The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics. It can be applicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is not normally applicable to woven elastic fabrics, geotextiles, nonwovens, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics and fabrics made from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarns (see Annex C). The method specifies the determination of the maximum force and elongation at maximum force of test specimens in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing, and of test specimens in the wet state. The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension (CRE) testing machines. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. EN 20139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. (ISO 139:1973) ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods. EN 10002-2, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of the tensile testing machines. EN 30012-1, Quality assurance requirements for measuring equipment Part 1: Metrological confirmation system for measuring equipment. (ISO 10012-1:1992) 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of EN ISO 13934 the following definitions apply: 3.1 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine tensile-testing machine provided with one clamp which is stationary and another clamp which moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection 3.2 strip test tensile test in which the full width of the test specimen is gripped in the jaws of the testing machine 3.3 gauge length distance between the two effective clamping points of a testing device NOTEThe effective clamping points (or lines) of jaws can be checked by clamping a test specimen under defined pretension with carbon copy paper to produce a gripping pattern on the test specimen and/or the jaw faces. 3.4 initial length length of a test specimen under specified pretension between the two effective clamping points at the beginning of certain tests (see also 3.3) 3.5 pretension force applied to a test specimen at the beginning of certain tests NOTEPretension is used to determine the initial length of the test specimen (see also 3.4 and 3.7). 3.6 extension increase in length of a test specimen produced by a force. It is expressed in units of length EN ISO 13934-1:1999 4 © BSI 03-2000 3.7 elongation ratio of the extension of a test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.8 elongation at maximum force elongation of a test specimen produced by the maximum force (see Figure 1) 3.9 elongation at rupture elongation of a test specimen corresponding to the force at rupture (see Figure 1) 3.10 force at rupture force recorded at the point of rupture of a test specimen during a tensile test (see Figure 1) 3.11 maximum force the maximum force recorded when a test specimen is taken to rupture during a tensile test under the specified conditions (see Figure 1) 4 Principle A fabric test specimen of specified dimensions is extended at a constant rate until it ruptures. The maximum force and the elongation at maximum force and, if required, the force at rupture and the elongation at rupture are recorded. 5 Sampling Select samples either in accordance with the procedure laid down in the material specification for the fabric, or as agreed between the interested parties. In the absence of an appropriate material specification the example of a suitable sampling procedure given in Annex A may be used. An example of a suitable pattern for cutting test specimens from the laboratory sample is given in Annex B. Avoid test specimens from folded or creased areas, selvedges and areas not representative of the fabric. Figure 1 Example of force-elongation curve EN ISO 13934-1:1999 © BSI 03-20005 6 Apparatus 6.1 CRE machine Metrological confirmation system of the tensile-testing machine shall be in accordance with EN 30012-1. The constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) machine shall have the general characteristics given in 6.1.1 to 6.1.6. 6.1.1 The tensile-testing machine shall be provided with means for indicating or recording both the force applied to the test specimen in stretching it to rupture and the corresponding extension of the test specimen. Under conditions of use, the accuracy of the apparatus shall be class 1 of EN 10002-2. The error of the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed ± 1 %, and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw separation shall not exceed ± 1 mm. 6.1.2 If a class 2 tensile-testing machine according to EN 10002-2 is to be used, this shall be stated in the test report. 6.1.3 If recording of force and elongation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second. 6.1.4 The machine shall be capable of constant rates of extension of 20 mm/min and 100 mm/min, with an accuracy of ± 10 %. 6.1.5 The machine shall be capable of setting the gauge length to 100 mm and 200 mm, to within ± 1 mm. 6.1.6 The clamping device of the machine shall be positioned with the centre of the two jaws in the line of applied force, the front edges shall be at right angles to the line of applied force and their clamping faces shall be in the same plane. The jaws shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so that they do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. The faces of the jaws shall be smooth and flat, except that when, even with packing, the test specimen cannot be held satisfactorily with flat-faced jaws, engraved or corrugated jaws can be used to prevent slippage. Other auxiliary materials for use with either smooth or corrugated jaws to improve specimen gripping include paper, leather, plastics or rubber. NOTEIf jaw breaks or slippage cannot be prevented with flat jaws, capstan jaws have often been found suitable. Extension measurement can be carried out by means of an extensiometer which follows the movement of two reference points on the test specimen. The jaws preferably should have a width of at least 60 mm but shall not be less than the width of the test specimen. 6.2 Equipment for cutting test specimens and for fraying them to obtain the required width. 6.3 Equipment in which test specimens can be immersed in water preparatory to wet testing. 6.4 Grade 3 water in accordance with ISO 3696 for wetting test specimens. 6.5 Nonionic wetting agent 7 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing The atmospheres for preconditioning, conditioning and testing shall be as specified in EN 20139. NOTEIt is recommended that samples be conditioned for at least 24 h in the relaxed state. Preconditioning and conditioning are not required for tests in the wet condition. 8 Preparation of test specimen 8.1 General From each laboratory sample cut two sets of test specimens, one set in the warp direction and the other in the weft direction (or in the machine and cross-machine directions, where applicable). Each set shall consist of at least five test specimens, except that if a higher degree of precision is required, more test specimens shall be tested. In accordance with clause 5 and Annex B no test specimens shall be cut from within 150 mm of either edge of the laboratory sample. No test specimen taken from th