BS-ISO-14623-2003.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS ISO 14623:2003 Space systems Pressure vessels and pressurized structures Design and operation ICS 49.140 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14623:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 16 January 2004 © BSI 16 January 2004 ISBN 0 580 43256 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14623:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/68, Space systems and operations, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 30, an inside back cover and a back cover The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 14623:2003(E) © ISO 2003 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14623 First edition 2003-12-01 Space systems Pressure vessels and pressurized structures Design and operation Systèmes spatiaux Réservoirs et structures sous pression Conception et fonctionnement BS ISO 14623:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14623:2003(E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. 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I ©S3002 O All irthgs erse.devr lnUeto sswrehise specified, on trap fo this lbupictaion maeb y cudorperro de tuilizi den yna form ro na ybm ynae,s lecetrinoc ro mceinahcla, incliduntohp gcoiypodna gn micrfoilm, wittuoh repmissii now nritign from ietI rehSa Ot tsserdda eh ebolw or IS'Os memreb i ydobn the cnuotfo yr ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT.+ 2 142 11 10 947 xaF 74 90 947 22 14 + E-mailc oirypthgiso.o gr Wew bww.is.o gro ii © ISO 3002 Allr ihgtsser edevr BS ISO 14623:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14623:2003(E) I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and definitions.1 3 General requirements.8 3.1 Introduction .8 3.2 System analysis requirements 8 3.3 General design requirements 8 3.4 Composite overwrapped pressure vessel-specific design requirements 14 3.5 Material requirements.16 3.6 Fabrication and process control requirements .18 3.7 Quality assurance requirements .18 3.8 Operation and maintenance requirements.20 3.9 Reactivation requirements.22 3.10 Service life extension requirements .22 4 Specific requirements.22 4.1 General.22 4.2 Pressure vessels.22 4.3 Pressurized structures.28 BS ISO 14623:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14623:2003(E) iv I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14623 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and operations. BS ISO 14623:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 14623:2003(E) I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr v Introduction From the beginning of the space age, hazard control has been a prime consideration in manned or unmanned flights in outer space. The rapid development of space activities and their associated technologies required the implementation of ever-increasing amounts of energy sources. Space activities can be hazardous and could cause harm to people and damage to public and private property and the environment. It is therefore necessary to develop methods and tools that can analyse hazardous situations and provide realistic recommendations in terms of safety and safety risk control. Furthermore, building space systems such as telecommunication satellites and their launch systems is costly; it is necessary to achieve high mission reliability. The variety of professional disciplines linked to these activities requires international standards to protect Earth populations against the consequences of a possible mishap caused by the failure of a highly pressurized hardware item. There is significant history to the analysis and design of pressure vessels and pressurized structures for use in space systems. This International Standard establishes the preferred methods for these techniques in both the traditional metallic tanks, and the newer composite overwrapped pressure vessels. The emphasis is equally on adequate design and safe, as well as reliable, operation. BS ISO 14623:2003 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:32641 O3002(E) I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 1 Space systems Pressure vessels and pressurized structures Design and operation 1 Scope This International Standard, based on general space experience and practice, specifies general and detailed requirements for metallic pressure vessels, composite overwrapped pressure vessels with metallic liners and metallic pressurized structures used in space systems. It is not applicable to pressure components (lines, fittings, valves, hoses, etc.) or to special pressurized hardware (batteries, heat pipes, cryostats and sealed containers). 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 A-basis allowable mechanical strength value above which at least 99 % of the population of values is expected to fall, with a confidence level of 95 % cf. “B” basis allowable (2.6) 2.2 acceptance tests required formal tests conducted on flight hardware to ascertain that the materials, manufacturing processes and workmanship meet specifications and that the hardware is acceptable for intended usage 2.3 allowable load (stress) maximum load (stress) that can be accommodated by a material/structure without potential rupture, collapse or detrimental deformation in a given environment NOTE Allowable loads (stresses) commonly correspond to the statistically based minimum ultimate strength, buckling strength, and yield strength, respectively. 2.4 applied load stress actual load stress imposed on the structure in the service environment 2.5 autofrettage vessel-sizing operation where pressure-driven deflection is used to plastically yield the metal liner into the overlying composite in order to induce initial compressive stress states in the metal liner 2.6 B-basis allowable mechanical strength value above which at least 90 % of the population of values is expected to fall, with a confidence level of 95 % cf. “A” basis allowable (2.1) BS ISO 14623:2003 1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:32641 O3002(E) 2 I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 2.7 brittle fracture catastrophic failure mode in a material/structure that usually occurs without prior plastic deformation and at extremely high speed NOTE The fracture is usually characterized by a flat fracture surface with little or no shear lips (slant fracture surface) and at average stress levels below those of general yielding. 2.8 burst factor multiplying factor applied to the maximum expected operating pressure (MEOP), or maximum design pressure (MDP), to obtain the design burst pressure NOTE 1 Burst factor is synonymous with design factor of safety for burst. NOTE 2 design burst pressure (2.16) sometimes referred to as burst pressure, is synonymous with “ultimate pressure”. 2.9 burst strength after impact BAI actual burst pressure of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel after it has been subjected to an impact event 2.10 component functional unit that is viewed as an entity for purpose of analysis, manufacturing, maintenance, or record keeping 2.11 composite overwrapped pressure vessel pressure vessel with a fibre-based composite system fully or partially encapsulating a liner NOTE The liner serves as a fluid permeation barrier and may or may not carry substantial pressure loads. The composite overwraps generally carry pressure and environmental loads. 2.12 critical condition most severe environmental condition in terms of loads, pressures and temperatures or combination thereof imposed on systems, subsystems, structures and components during service life 2.13 critical flaw specific shape of flaw with sufficient size such that unstable growth will occur under the specific operating load and environment 2.14 critical stress intensity factor stress intensity factor at which unstable fracture occurs 2.15 damage tolerance ability of a material/structure to resist failure due to the presence of flaws, cracks, delaminations, impact damage or other mechanical damage for a specified period of unrepaired usage BS ISO 14623:2003 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:32641 O3002(E) I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr 3 2.16 design burst pressure burst pressure “ultimate pressure” differential pressure that pressurized hardware must withstand without burst in the applicable operational environment NOTE Design burst pressure is equal to the product of the MEOP or MDP and a design burst factor. 2.17 design safety factor design factor of safety factor or safety multiplying factor to be applied to the limit load and/or MEOP(or MDP) 2.18 destabilizing pressure differential pressure that produces compressive stresses in pressure hardware 2.19 detrimental deformation structural deformation, deflection, or displacement that prevents any portion of the structure or other system from performing its intended function 2.20 development test test to provide design information that may be used to check the validity of analytic technique and assumed design parameters, to uncover unexpected system response characteristics, to evaluate design changes, to determine interface compatibility, to prove qualification and acceptance procedures and techniques, to check manufacturing technology, or to establish accept/reject criteria 2.21 ductile fracture type of failure mode in a material/structure generally preceded by a large amount of plastic deformation 2.22 elastically responding metallic liner metallic liner of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel that responds elastically (experiences no plastic response) at all pressure up to and including the vessel's acceptance proof pressure after the autofrettage operation 2.23 fatigue process of progressive localized permanent structural change occurring in a material/structure subjected to conditions which produce fluctuating stresses and strains at some point or points and which may culminate in cracks or complete fracture after a sufficient number of fluctuations 2.24 fatigue life number of cycles of stress or strain of a specified character that a given material or structure can sustain before failure of a specified nature could occur 2.25 flaw local discontinuity in a structural material such as a scratch, notch or crack 2.26 flaw shape shape of a surface crack or corner crack BS ISO 14623:2003 3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 14:49:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:32641 O3002(E) 4 I ©SO 3002 All irhgts seredevr NOTE For a surface crack, the flaw shape is expressed as a/2c, where a is the crack depth and 2c is the crack length. For a corner crack, the flaw shape is expressed as a/c, where a is the crack depth and c is the crack length 2.27 fracture control application of design philosophy, analysis