BS-ISO-5658-2-1996.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 5658-2:1996 Implementation of ISO 5658-2:1996 Reaction to fire tests Spread of flame Part 2: Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration ICS 13.220.50 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1997 © BSI 11-1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FSH/21 Draft for comment 90/37859 DC ISBN 0 580 26851 9 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee FSH/21, Reaction to fire tests, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Building Component Manufacturers Association of Roof Light Manufacturers Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Products Association British Carpet Manufacturers Association Ltd. British Electrical Systems Association (BEAMA Ltd.) British Iron and Steel Producers Association British Plastics Federation British Railways Board British Resilient Flooring Manufacturers Association British Rigid Urethane Foam Manufacturers Association British Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing Association Chemical Industries Association Chief and Assistant Chief Fire Officers Association Department of Health Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Property and Buildings Directorate) Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland Eurisol (UK Mineral Wool Association) European Phenolic Foam Association Fibre Cement Manufacturers Association Limited Flat Glass Manufacturers Association GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Gypsum Products Development Association Home Office Institute of Fire Safety Institution of Fire Engineers London Fire and Civil Defence Authority Loss Prevention Council National Council of Building Material Producers National Grp Construction and Engineering Federation Polyethylene Foam Insulation Association Queen Mary and Westfield College RAPRA Technology Ltd. Specialist Ceilings and Interiors Association Ltd. Thermal Insulation Manufacturers and Suppliers Association (TIMSA) Timber Research and Development Association Warrington Fire Research Centre Wood Panel Industries Federation Wood Wool Slab Manufacturers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 © BSI 11-1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Forewordiii Text of ISO 5658-21 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 ii © BSI 11-1998 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 5658-2:1996 and implements it as the UK national standard. This British Standard is published under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Board whose Technical Committee FSH/21 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTEInternational and European Standards, as well as overseas standards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 22 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 ii © BSI 11-1998 Contents Page Forewordiii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative reference1 3Definitions1 4Principles of the test2 5Suitability of a product for testing3 6Test specimens3 7Test apparatus7 8Test environment10 9Additional equipment and instrumentation10 10Setting-up and calibration procedure13 11Test procedure17 12Expression of fire performance of a product18 13Test report18 Annex A (normative) Safety precautions19 Annex B (informative) Specimen construction19 Annex C (informative) Calibration of the working heat flux meter20 Annex D (informative) Guidelines for reporting and follow-up of results of fire test procedures20 Annex E (informative) Variability of test results 21 Annex F (informative) Bibliography22 Figure 1 Schematic of test4 Figure 2 Typical mounting of specimens5 Figure 3 Construction of typical specimen holder6 Figure 4 Test apparatus7 Figure 5 Schematic of apparatus for the measurement of the time of arrival of the flame front9 Figure 6 Position of pilot flame burner and pilot flame11 Figure 7 Pilot flame, burner and gas/air connections (schematic)12 Figure 8 Calibration board for heat flux measurements14 Figure 9 Position of radiant panel in relation to specimen14 Figure 10 Measurement of spacing between specimen and pilot flame using wood strips (see 10.3)16 Table 1 Standardization of heat flux along the calibration board15 Table A.1 Fire and explosion hazards of gases19 Table E.1 Repeatability and reproducibility of heat for sustained burning (HSB) and critical heat flux at extinguishment (CIE)21 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 © BSI 11-1998iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 5658-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Reaction to fire. ISO 5658 consists of the following parts, under the general title Reaction to fire tests Spread of flame: Part 1: Guidance on flame spread (Technical Report); Part 2: Lateral spread on building products in vertical configuration; Part 3: Lateral ignition and flame spread of building products in vertical configuration (LIFT) method (Technical Report); Part 4: Intermediate scale spread of flame. Annex A forms an integral part of this part of ISO 5658. Annexes B to F are for information only. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 © BSI 11-19981 Introduction This part of ISO 5658 is based on the method of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) published as IMO Resolution A.653(16)5, and has been developed as an International Standard in order to allow its wider use. The major differences between ISO 5658-2 and the IMO test are that ISO 5658-2 is limited in scope to testing the spread of flame over vertical specimens and does not include the stack for estimating heat release rate. ISO/TR 5658-1 describes the development of standard tests for flame spread and explains the theory of flame spread for various orientations. The relationship, both theoretical and mathematical, which exists between ISO 5658-2 and ISO/TR 5658-3 is also explained. ISO 5658-2 provides a simple method by which lateral surface spread of flame on a vertical specimen can be determined for comparative purposes. This method is particularly useful for research, development and quality control purposes. ISO/TR 5658-3 provides a more scientific method by which the ignitability and spread of flame parameters of building products can be determined. The data derived from this test are suitable for use in fire growth (mathematical) models. The same test apparatus is used for the procedures specified in this part of ISO 5658 and ISO/TR 5658-3. Fire is a complex phenomenon: its behaviour and its effects depend upon a number of interrelated factors. The behaviour of materials and products depends upon the characteristics of the fire, the method of use of the materials and the environment to which they are exposed. The methodology of “reaction to fire” tests is explained in ISO/TR 38141. A test such as is specified in this part of ISO 5658 deals only with a simple representation of a particular aspect of the potential fire situation typified by a radiant heat source and flame; it cannot alone provide any direct guidance on behaviour or safety in fire. A precision statement based on an interlaboratory trial using this test method is given in annex E. This test procedure does not rely on the use of asbestos-based materials. The attention of all users of the test is drawn to the following caution. CAUTION So that suitable precautions may be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases may be evolved during exposure of test specimens. The advice on safety given in annex A should also be noted. 1 Scope 1.1 This part of ISO 5658 specifies a method of test for measuring the lateral spread of flame along the surface of a specimen of a product orientated in the vertical position. It provides data suitable for comparing the performance of essentially flat materials, composites or assemblies, which are used primarily as the exposed surfaces of walls. 1.2 This part of ISO 5658 is applicable to the measurement and description of the properties of materials, products or assemblies in response to radiative heat in the presence of a pilot flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It should not be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 5658. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 5658 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC Guide 52:1990, Glossary of fire terms and definitions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO 5658, the definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 52 and the following definitions apply. 3.1 assembly fabrication of materials and/or composites, for example sandwich panels NOTE 1The assembly may include an air gap. 3.2 average heat for sustained burning average of the values of heat for sustained burning, expressed in megajoules per square metre (MJ/m2), measured at a number of specified positions 3.3 backing board non-combustible board with the same dimensions as the specimen, used in every test to back the specimen (see 9.7) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:52:35 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 5658-2:1996 2 © BSI 11-1998 3.4 composite combination of materials which are generally recognized in building construction as discrete entities, for example coated or laminated materials 3.5 critical heat flux at extinguishment incident heat flux, expressed in kilowatts per square metre (kW/m2), at the surface of a specimen at the point along its horizontal centreline where the flame ceases to advance and may subsequently go out. The heat flux value reported is based on interpolations of measurements with a non-combustible calibration board 3.6 exposed surface that surface of the specimen subjected to the heating conditions of the test 3.7 flame front furthest extent of travel of a sustained flame centrally along the length of the test specimen 3.8 flashing existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of less than 1 s 3.9 heat for sustained burning product of the time from the start of exposure of a specimen to the arrival of the flame front at a specified position and the incident radiant heat flux corresponding to that position measured on a non-combustible calibration board. Expressed in megajoules per square metre (MJ/m2) NOTE 2The positions are specified in Table 1 (see clause 10). 3.10 irradiance (at a point of a surface) quotient of the radiant heat flux incident on an infinitesimal element of surface containing the point, by area of that element 3.11 material single substance or uniformly dispersed mixture, for example metal, stone, timber, concrete, mineral fibre, polymers 3.12 product material, composite or assembly about which information is required 3.13 radiant heat flux power emitted, transferred or received in the form of radiation 3.14 specimen representative piece of the product which is to be tested together with any substrate or treatment NOTE 3The specimen may include an air gap. 3.15 spread of flame propagation of a flame front over the surface of a product under the influence of imposed irradiance 3.16 substrate material which is used, or is representative of that used, immediately beneath a surface product, e.g. skimmed plasterboard beneath a wall-covering 3.17 sustained flaming existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of more than 4 s 3.18 transitory flaming existence of flame on or over the surface of the specimen for periods of between 1 s and 4 s 3.19 lateral spread of flame progression of the flame front in a lateral direction over the specimen length 4 Principles of the test 4.1 The test method consists of exposing conditioned specimens in a well-defined field of