IEC-TS-62257-4-2005.pdf

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS 62257-4 First edition 2005-07 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 4: System selection and design Reference number IEC/TS 62257-4:2005(E) Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1. Consolidated editions The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating amendments 1 and 2. Further information on IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. 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Customer Service Centre If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 -,-,- TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS 62257-4 First edition 2005-07 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 4: System selection and design PRICE CODE IEC 2005 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch XB For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TS 62257-4 IEC:2005(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .7 3 Terms and definitions .8 4 Functional requirements of production and distribution subsystems9 4.1 Preliminaries .9 4.2 Overall needs to be satisfied .9 4.3 Introduction to subsystems13 4.4 Functional description of a production subsystem13 4.5 Functional description of a distribution subsystem.15 4.6 Functional description of a demand subsystem17 4.7 Constraints to be complied with by production distribution and demand subsystems 17 5 Energy management rules18 5.1 General.18 5.2 Functional description for an energy management of an isolated system.19 5.3 Demand side management 20 6 Expected results from the sizing process20 6.1 Introduction .20 6.2 Participants in the sizing process 21 6.3 Elements for comparing various design proposals .21 6.4 Frameworks for proposal.21 6.5 Proposal for a sizing process 38 6.6 Impact of design assumptions on system sizing and cost 38 6.7 Guarantee of results40 7 Data acquisition rules for system management.40 7.1 Introduction .40 7.2 General.41 7.3 Levels of data acquisition and data necessity41 7.4 Data to be collected 46 7.5 Operating conditions, electrical and engineering requirements for data acquisition.47 Annex A (informative) Example for detailed performance criteria and levels for a production subsystem.48 Annex B (informative) Example for detailed performance criteria and levels for a distribution subsystem 49 Annex C (informative) Example framework for proposal specification.50 Annex D (informative) Equation for costs calculations57 Annex E (informative) Proposal for a sizing process 61 Figure 1 Factors involved in the design of a system.10 Figure 2 Functional diagram of a radial structure for rural micro-grid17 Figure 3 Functional impact of energy management and safety .19 Figure E.1 Sizing process flow chart 61 -,-,- TS 62257-4 IEC:2005(E) 3 Table 1 Participants in the sizing process 21 Table 2 Perspectives to be considered (see symbols in IEC 62257-2, Table 4) 22 Table 3 Commitments indicators 23 Table 4 Knowledge of site24 Table 5 Knowledge of consumption data25 Table 6 Knowledge of resources: data accuracy levels 25 Table 7 Knowledge of resources: data retained for considered site27 Table 8 Knowledge of resources: range of data history27 Table 9 Characteristics for photovoltaic modules .28 Table 10 Characteristics for modules supporting structure .28 Table 11 Characteristics for the wind turbine .29 Table 12 Characteristics for wind turbine structure.29 Table 13 Characteristics for the generator set30 Table 14 Characteristics for micro hydro turbines 31 Table 15 Characteristics for biomass generators32 Table 16 Characteristics for power converters .33 Table 17 Characteristics for load manager/meter .34 Table 18 Characteristics for system controllers35 Table 19 Characteristics for batteries.35 Table 20 Characteristics for links and wiring 36 Table 21 Energy output from renewable energies 36 Table 22 Energy output from fossil energies 36 Table 23 Energy output from storage .36 Table 24 Incidence of energy management assumptions on system sizing.39 Table 25 Incidence of cost management assumptions on system dimensions 40 Table 26 Information required by the energy manager and data to collect42 Table 27 Information required by the operator and data to collect 44 Table 28 Information required by the user and data to collect 45 Table 29 Summary of the needed information 45 Table 30 Minimum set of data to be collected 46 Table 31 Relationship between required information and system architecture 47 Table E.1 Description of utilities to be power supplied .62 Table E.2 Consumption characteristics 63 Table E.3 Meteorological data used for sizing64 Table E.4 Proposals for types of cost to be accounted for64 Table E.5 Site constraints inventory.65 Table E.6 Impact of energy management assumptions on plant sizing .66 Table E.7 Impact of cost management assumptions on plant sizing .66 -,-,- 4 TS 62257-4 IEC:2005(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 4: System selection and design FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when The required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or The subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62257-4, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. -,-,- TS 62257-4 IEC:2005(E) 5 This document is based on IEC/PAS 62111(1999); it cancels and replaces the relevant parts of IEC/PAS 62111. This technical specification is to be used in conjunction with IEC 62257 series. The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 82/369/DTS 82/389/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. IEC 62257 consists of the following parts, under the general title Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification: Part 1: General introduction to rural electrification Part 2: From requirements to a range of electrification systems Part 3: Project development and management Part 4: System selection and design Part 5: Protection against electrical hazards Part 6: Acceptance, operation, maintenance and replacement Part 7: Technical specifications: generators 1 Part 8: Technical specifications: batteries and converters 1 Part 9: Technical specifications: integrated systems 1 Part 10: Technical specifications: energy manager 1 Part 11: Technical specifications: considerations for grid connection 1 Part 12: Appliances 1 Part 13: Other topics 1 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual edition of this publication may be issued at a later date. _ 1 Under consideration. 6 TS 62257-4 IEC:2005(E) INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series of documents intends to provide to different players involved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting up of renewable energy and hybrid systems with a.c. nominal voltage below 500 V d.c. nominal voltage below 750 V and nominal power below 100 kVA. These documents are recommendations: to choose the right system for the right place, to design the system, to operate and maintain the system. These documents are focused only on rural electrification concentrating on but not specific to developing countries. They shall not be considered as all inclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of Renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean mechanisms developments at this time (CO2 emission, carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in future steps. This consistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life cycle cost as possible. One of the main objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the field of application that is: small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. The purpose of this part of IEC 62257 is to provide a method to assist project contractors and project developers to select and design the electrification system for isolated sites while matching the identified needs, such as those described in IEC 62257-2. TS 62257-4 IEC:2005(E) 7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 4: System selection and design 1 Scope This part of IEC 62257 provides a method for describing the results to be achieved by the electrificatio