IADC-Drilling-Manual.pdf

IADC Drilling Manual eBook Version (V.11) Copyright© 2000, International Association of Drilling Contractors All Rights Reserved 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 In publishing this Manual, IADC makes no warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or fitness for purpose of the information contained herein, or that the use of any information, method, process, or apparatus disclosed in this report may not infringe on privately owned rights. IADC assumes no liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, method, process, or apparatus disclosed in this report. The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without the prior, written approval of IADC. IADC Contact Information: Office Address 15810 Park Ten Place, Suite 242 Houston, TX 77084-5139 USA Mailing Address P.O. Box 4287 Houston, TX 77210-4287 USA Phone: 1/281-578-7171 Fax: 1/281-578-0589 Email: publicationsiadc.org Web: www.iadc.org List Price: $595 Member Price: $495 Copyright© 2000 All Rights Reserved by International Association of Drilling Contractors The IADC Drilling Manual Published by Technical Toolboxes, Inc. 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 340 Houston, Texas 77098 Tel: 713-630-0505 Fax: 713-630-0560 Email: infottoolboxes.com Web: www.ttoolboxes.com 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 Acknowledgements The 1991 Drilling Technology Committee of IADC, chaired by W.M. “Sonny” Rogers, authorized the preparation of the eleventh edition of this manual. This edition is the eBook version of the entire eleventh edition. This version is fully searchable and has new color graphics and photographs. Jay Norton, Chairman of the Drilling Manual Subcommittee and many of the Industrys most knowledgeable people have reviewed, rewritten, and added chapters for the benefit of the user. Their time, effort, and dedication, in spite of difficult economic times for the industry, is greatly appreciated. The Association would again like to express its appreciation to the many contributors to previous editions. Without their early interest, the manual would not have evolved to its present status. The following people served on the 1991-92 Rewrite Subcommittee and as Chairman for the Chapter rewrite task groups: John Altermann Reading and Bates Robert Bennett Millpark Drilling Fluids Bill Bingham MH Koomey Sonny Cain SWACO Jerry Cerkovnik Hughes Christiansen Otis Danielson Consultant John Gieck Baker Hughes Bill Halliday Millpard Drilling Fluids Bruce Harwell DI Industries Larry Jones Consultant Jay Norton Norton Drilling Paul OConnor OConnor and Young Drilling Chuck Rayburn Grasso Oil Services Chris Reinsvold Hughes Christiansen W.M. “Sonny” Rogers Tuboscope Jim Senger Security Dresser Jim Sikes Sonat Offshore Jack Smith Baker Hughes Tom Smith Tom Smith Consulting Mickey Thomas Halliburton Services Jim West PETEX Wayne Wilson Tuboscope Special Acknowledgement for the eBook version Special thanks are due to Hal Kendall of Noble Drilling Corporation for providing many of the enhanced graphics and illustrations used in this electronic version of the 11th Edition of the “IADC Drilling Manual“. 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 This Page Left Intentionally Blank 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 1 International Association of Drilling Contractors Table of Contents Table of Contents - IADC Drilling Manual Chapter A - Bit Classification and GradingA-1 A-1 First Revision To The IADC Fixed Cutter Dull Grading System A-7 Contributors .A-7 SummaryA-7 Abstract .A-7 IntroductionA-7 System Enhancements.A-7 Application Of Dull Grading SystemA-9 Conclusion .A-14 References .A-14 Acknowledgements A-14 A2 - IADC Fixed Cutter Classification SystemA-16 Development Of A New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System .A-16 Contributors .A-16 Abstract .A-16 IntroductionA-16 BackgroundA-17 Proposed System .A-20 ConclusionsA-28 References .A-28 Acknowledgements A-28 A3 - The IADC Roller Bit Classification SystemA-29 SummaryA-29 Series And Type.A-33 Characters 1 And 2 A-33 Cutting Action A-33 Tooth Count And GeometryA-34 Insert Shape ComparisonA-34 Cone Design And Orientation .A-34 Cutting Structure MetallurgyA-35 Bearing/Gage Design Configuration (Character 3)A-35 Features Available (Optional 4th Character) A-37 A4 - IADC Roller Bit Dull Bit Grading SystemA-60 Description of the IADC Roller Bit Dull Bit Grading System A-60 A4. IADC Roller Bit Dull Grading System.A-60 Discussion Of Dulling Characteristics.A-66 BC (Broken Cone) or BF (Bond Failure) - (Fig. A4-3).A-67 BT (Broken Teeth) - (Fig. A4-4) A-68 BU (Balled Up) - (Fig. A4-5) .A-69 CC (Crocked Cone) - (Fig. A4-6) .A-70 CD (Cone Dragged) - (Fig. A4-7)A-71 CI (Cone Interference) - (Fig. A4- 8) .A-72 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 2International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition CR (Cored) - (Fig. A4-9).A-73 CT (Chipped Teeth) - (Fig. A4-10) A-74 ER (Erosion) - (Fig. A4-11)A-75 FC (Flat Crested Wear) - (Fig. A4-12).A-76 HC (Heat Checking) - (Fig. A4-13)A-77 JD (Junk Damage) - (Fig. A4-14).A-78 LC (Lost Cone) - (Fig. A4-15).A-79 LN (Lost Nozzle) - (Fig. A4-16) A-80 LT (Lost Teeth) - (Fig. A4-17) .A-81 OC (Off Center Wear) - (Fig. A4-18) A-82 PB (Pinched Bit) - (Fig. A4-19)A-83 PN (Plugged Nozzle) - (Fig. A4-20).A-84 RG (Rounded Gage) - (Fig. A4-21)A-85 SD (Shirttail Damage) - (Fig. A4-22)A-86 SS (Self Sharpening Wear) - (Fig. A4-23) A-87 TR (Tracking) - (Fig. A4-24)A-87 WO (Washed Out Bit) - (Fig. A4-25).A-88 WT (Worn Teeth) (Fig. A4-26) A-89 NO (No Dull Characteristics) .A-89 Chapter B - Drill String .B-1 Preface. B-5 B1. Drill String B-6 Introduction B-6 I. Weld-on Tool Joints B-6 B2. Steel Drill Pipe . B-45 B3. Tool Joints Care And Handling . B-54 I. Cleaning and Inspection. B-54 II. Picking Up the Drill String B-55 III. Thread Compounds B-58 IV. Breaking In New Tool Joints . B-58 V. Tripping B-59 VI. Laying Down Drill String. B-67 VII. Damage and Failures - Cause Prevention B-69 VIII. Repair of Tool Joints B-87 IX. Emergency Procedures . B-93 X. Transportation B-94 XI. Storage B-95 XII. Floor Handling Procedures B-96 B4. Drill String Operating Limits B-104 I. Fatigue and Lateral Forces caused by Dog Legs and Floating Vessels. B-104 II. Fatigue Caused by Other Factors . B-115 III. Critical Rotary Speed B-120 IV. Collapsed Pipe - From Drill Stem Test and BOP Test. B-120 V. Transition from Drill String to Drill Collars . B-121 VI. Maximum Allowable Pull and Rotary Torque. B-121 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 3 International Association of Drilling Contractors Table of Contents VII. Make up Torque versus Drilling Torque B-123 IX. Dynamic Loading of Drill Pipe during Tripping . B-125 X. Biaxial Loading of Drill Pipe . B-125 XI. Drill String Design. B-126 XII. References B-126 B5. Drill String Corrosion . B-127 I. Introduction. B-127 Il. Corrosion. B-127 III. Sulfide Stress Cracking . B-132 IV. Drilling Fluids Containing Oil B-135 B6. Drill String Inspection And Classification. B-136 I. Purpose B-136 II. Drill String Marking and Identification . B-136 III. Drill Pipe And Tubing Work Strings. B-136 IV. Tool Joints B-144 B7. Aluminum Drill String B-148 Introduction B-148 II. Installation and Removal of Tool Joints B-148 III. Aluminum Drill Pipe B-148 IV. Drill String Care and Handling . B-150 V. Drill String Maintenance B-151 VI. Drill String Operating Limits B-151 B-8 Glossary Of Drill String Terms B-154 Chapter C - Casing and TubingC-1 I. Care And Use Of Casing.C-4 IntroductionC-4 I. Transportation .C-4 II. Preparation And Inspection Before RunningC-4 III. Rig Equipment C-4 IV. Pre-running Preparations .C-5 V. Running Casing.C-6 VI. Causes Of Casing Troubles.C-16 VII. Recovery Of Casing C-19 VIII. Reconditioning .C-20 IX. Field Welding Of Attachments On CasingC-20 II. Care And Use Of TubingC-24 IntroductionC-24 I. Transportation .C-24 II. Preparation And Inspection Before RunningC-24 III. Rig Equipment C-24 IV. Pre-running Preparations .C-25 V. RunningC-26 VI. Pulling Tubing .C-36 VII. Causes Of Tubing TroublesC-37 VIII Reconditioning C-37 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 4International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Chapter D - Drill Collars, Kellys, Subs and Heavy Weight Drill Pipe.D-1 Preface.D-3 D1. Drill Collars: Specifications Earl Koskie, DBS; B. B. Bayoud*, Eastman Christensen; Fred Colston, Smith Diamond; R. I. Clayton*, Security; M. E. Anderson*, Eastman Christensen; K. T. Hollister*, Hycalog; Jim Senger*, Security Division Dresser Industries; and Ralph Niemi*, Cliffs Drilling Company * SPE Member; * IADC and SPE Member. Summary This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1992 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference held in New Orleans, Louisiana, February 18-21, 1992. This paper was selected for presentation by an IADC/SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers or the International Association of Drilling Contractors and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the IADC or SPE, their officers, or members. Papers presented at IADC/SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the IADC and SPE. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Write Librarian, SPE, P. O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836 U.S.A., Telex 730989 SPEDAL. Copyright 1992, IADC/SPE Drilling Conference Abstract This paper is one of two describing changes to the IADC Classification and Dull Grading Systems for fixed cutter bits. Dull grading system revisions, described herein, were implemented to improve utilization and effectiveness of the dull grading system. Classification system changes were required as a result of improvements in bit technology and applications, and are detailed in the companion paper SPE 23940. Introduction The IADC Fixed Cutter Work Group this year audited the 1987 Fixed Cutter Dull Grading System and determined that some minor refinement was necessary. As was the case with introduction of the fixed cutter dull grading system in 1987, the objective of this revision was to facilitate creation of a “mental picture“ of a worn bit's physical condition through a standardized evaluation of certain bit characteristics? Because the system provides an industry-wide standard for recording the physical condition of the worn bit for future reference, the meaning of a dull grade should be subject to as little misinterpretation as possible. Therefore, committee discussions focused on two specific areas: improving the definition of “usable cutter height“ as it relates to evaluation of PDC cutter wear, and making minor enhancements to the wear characteristic codes. System Enhancements The format of the dull grading chart, shown in Figure 1, has not changed under this revision. 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 A-8International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Figure A1-1 Format of the Dull Bit Grading Chart Eight factors are recorded: the first four spaces describe the extent and location of wear of the “Cutting Struc- ture“. The next two spaces address other criteria for bit evaluation, with the fifth space reserved for grading “Bearing“ wear of roller cone bits. This space is always marked with an “X“ when fixed cutter bits are graded. 本文件原文页数过多，体积过大，无法上传。 如有需要请发站内信或e m a i l ：l i u y x 866163.c o m 联系人：草庐一苇：w w w .d o c i n .c o m /l i u y x 866 A-9 International Association of Drilling Contractors Chapter A: Bit Classification and Grading The sixth space indicates “Gauge Measurement“. The last two positions allow for “Remarks“ which provide additional information concerning the dull bit, including “Other (or secondary) Dull Characteristics“ and “Reason Pulled“, respectively. The revised system grades all PDC cutters based on condition of the visible diamond table of the cutter, regardless of cutter shape or exposure. This differs from the former practice of grading PDC cutters based on “usable cutter height“ remaining. It was determined that the definition of “usable cutter height“ for PDC bits was subject to misinterpretation, given the initial positioning of some PDC cutters “within“ the bit blade on some designs. Additional enhancements include addition of a dull characteristic code, “BF“, to distinguish “bond failure“ between the cutter and its support backing from “LT“, loss or a cutter. In addition, the optional designations “RR“ or “NR“ were added to allow for indication of whether a bit is “rerunnable“ or not. Application of these minor revisions will further “standardize“ the meaning of a dull grade. Examples of dull characteristics are shown in Figure A1-2 Application Of Dull Grading System Evaluating “Cutting Structure“ : Inner/Outer Rows: Spaces 1 and 2. See Figure A1-1a. Figure A1-1a Code for Cutting Structure CUTTING STRUCTURE 0 - No Wear 4 - 50% Wear 8 - No Useable Cutting Structure Using a linear scale from 0 to 8, as before, a value is given to cutter wear in both the inner and outer rows of cutters. Grading numbers increase with amount of wear, with 0 representing no wear, and 8 meaning no usable cutters left. A grade of 4 indicates 50% wear. For surface-set bits, the scale of cutter wear is determined by comparing the initial cutter height with the amount of usable cutter height remaining. Rather than evaluating “usable cutter height“, PDC cutter wear is now measured across the diamond table, regardless of the cutter shape, size, type or exposure. This eliminates the difficulty in determining the initial cutter height on a bit in which PDC cutters are designed with less-than-full exposure. For both surface-set and PDC bits, the average amount of wear for each area is recorded, with 2/3 of the radius representing the “inner rows