IEC-TR-60919-2-2008.pdf

IEC/TR 60919-2 Edition 2.0 2008-11 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line- commutated converters Part 2: Faults and switching Fonctionnement des systèmes à courant continu haute tension (CCHT) munis de convertisseurs commutés par le réseau Partie 2: Défauts et manuvres IEC/TR 60919-2:2008 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2008 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. 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Service Clients: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv/custserv_entry-f.htm Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette publication ou si vous avez des questions, visitez le FAQ du Service clients ou contactez-nous: Email: csciec.ch Tél.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEC/TR 60919-2 Edition 2.0 2008-11 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line- commutated converters Part 2: Faults and switching Fonctionnement des systèmes à courant continu haute tension (CCHT) munis de convertisseurs commutés par le réseau Partie 2: Défauts et manuvres INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XB ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 2-8318-1006-0 ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 2 TR 60919-2 © IEC:2008 CONTENTS FOREWORD.6 1 Scope.8 2 Normative references .9 3 Outline of HVDC transient performance specifications9 3.1 Transient performance specifications 9 3.2 General comment10 4 Switching transients without faults10 4.1 General.10 4.2 Energization and de-energization of a.c. side equipment.10 4.3 Load rejection .12 4.4 Start-up and shut-down of converter units .13 4.5 Operation of d.c. breakers and d.c. switches .13 5 AC system faults 15 5.1 General.15 5.2 Fault categories 16 5.3 Specification matters affecting transient performance16 5.3.1 Effective a.c. system impedance16 5.3.2 Power transfer during faults.16 5.3.3 Recovery following fault clearing .17 5.3.4 Reactive power consumption during fault and post-fault recovery periods 18 5.3.5 Load rejection due to a.c. faults.18 5.3.6 Switching of reactive power equipment19 5.3.7 Effects of harmonic voltages and current during faults.19 5.3.8 Shift in control modes of operation 19 5.3.9 Power modulation on the HVDC system.20 5.3.10 Emergency power reductions.20 5.4 Specification impact on control strategy 20 6 AC filters, reactive power equipment and a.c. bus faults.21 6.1 General.21 6.2 Transient overvoltages in filter banks 21 6.3 Transient overcurrents in filter and capacitor banks.22 6.4 Capacitor unbalance protection .23 6.5 Examples of protection of filters and capacitor banks 23 6.6 Shunt reactor protection 24 6.7 AC bus protection24 7 Converter unit faults .27 7.1 General.27 7.2 Short circuits .27 7.3 Failure of converter unit to perform its intended function .28 7.3.1 General .28 7.3.2 Rectifier operation .28 7.3.3 Inverter operation 29 7.4 Converter unit protection .29 7.4.1 Converter differential protection.29 7.4.2 Overcurrent protection.29 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TR 60919-2 © IEC:2008 3 7.4.3 AC overvoltage protection .29 7.4.4 Protection against large delay angle operation 29 7.4.5 Commutation failure protection 30 7.4.6 Thyristor valve protections.30 7.4.7 Transformer protection 30 7.4.8 Transformer tap-changer unbalance protection30 7.4.9 AC connection earth fault protection30 7.5 Additional protection aspects of series connected converter units .30 7.6 Additional protection aspects of parallel connected converter units .31 8 DC reactor, d.c. filter and other d.c. equipment faults .33 8.1 General.33 8.2 Fault types 34 8.3 Protection zones .34 8.4 Neutral protection34 8.4.1 General .34 8.4.2 Neutral fault detection .34 8.4.3 Neutral bus fault isolation 35 8.4.4 Bipolar neutral bus faults.35 8.5 DC reactor protection 35 8.6 DC harmonic filter protection.35 8.6.1 General .35 8.6.2 Filter bank fault protection .36 8.6.3 DC filter capacitor unit protection.36 8.7 DC harmonic protection.36 8.8 DC overvoltage protection .36 8.9 DC side switching protection .37 9 DC line faults38 9.1 Overhead line faults 38 9.2 Cable faults.39 9.3 DC fault characteristics .39 9.4 Functional d.c. fault detection requirements 40 9.5 Protective sequence40 9.5.1 Overhead line faults 40 9.5.2 Faults in cable systems .40 9.5.3 Faults in an overhead line/cable system 40 9.5.4 Faults in one of a system of parallel-connected cables 40 9.5.5 Fault in a system of parallel overhead lines .41 9.6 Fault protection schemes 41 9.7 Open circuit on the d.c. side42 9.8 Power line cross protection .42 10 Earth electrode line faults.42 10.1 General.42 10.2 Specific requirements Earth electrode line42 10.3 Electrode line supervision .43 11 Metallic return conductor faults.43 11.1 Conductor for the return circuit43 11.2 Metallic return faults43 11.3 Fault detection Metallic return 44 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 4 TR 60919-2 © IEC:2008 11.4 Metallic return fault protection systems44 12 Insulation co-ordination HVDC systems.47 12.1 General 47 12.2 Protection schemes using surge arresters 47 12.3 Switching overvoltages and temporary overvoltages on the a.c. side 48 12.4 Switching overvoltages and temporary overvoltages on the d.c. side 48 12.5 Lightning and steep fronted surges.48 12.6 Protective margins49 12.7 Arrester duties50 12.7.1 AC bus arresters (A1, A2 and A3)50 12.7.2 Arrester across filter reactors (FA).50 12.7.3 Valve arresters (V) 51 12.7.4 Mid-point d.c. bus arrester (M).51 12.7.5 Converter unit d.c. bus arresters (CB) and converter unit arresters51 12.7.6 DC bus and d.c. line arresters (DB and DL) .51 12.7.7 Neutral bus arresters (E1 and E2) 52 12.7.8 DC reactor arrester (R)52 12.7.9 DC filter arresters (FD) 52 12.8 Prevention of protective relay action due to arrester currents52 12.9 Insulation clearances52 12.10 Creepage distances for the insulation.52 12.10.1 Outdoor insulation.52 12.10.2 Indoor insulation53 13 Telecommunication requirements .56 13.1 General.56 13.2 Specific requirements - Telecommunication systems.56 13.3 Consequence of telecommunication system outages .57 13.4 Special considerations for power line carrier (PLC) systems57 14 Auxiliary systems58 14.1 General.58 14.2 Electrical auxiliary systems .58 14.2.1 General requirements58 14.2.2 Specific requirements 59 14.3 Mechanical auxiliary systems 59 Bibliography61 Figure 1 DC-side switches for an HVDC substation with series-connected converter unit15 Figure 2 Example of voltage dependent control characteristics 21 Figure 3 Example of arrangement of a.c. filters and capacitor and reactor banks for large bipolar HVDC.25 Figure 4 Example of current transformer arrangements for a.c. filters and a.c. bus differential protections 25 Figure 5 Example of restricted ground fault protection of filter26 Figure 6 Example of current transformers arrangement for capacitor bank unbalance protecttion and overload protection of double tuned filter arm .26 Figure 7 Examples of a.c. phase short circuits, pole short circuits and faults in a twelve-pulse converter unit .32 Figure 8 Protection zones in series-connected converter units.33 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TR 60919-2 © IEC:2008 5 Figure 9 Protection zones in parallel-connected converter units.33 Figure 10 Example of d.c. protection zones for series-connected converter units.37 Figure 11 Example of d.c. protection zones for parallel-connected converter pole38 Figure 12 Monopolar metallic return system showing metallic return transfer breaker (MRTB).45 Figure 13 Monopolar operation of a bipolar system during converter pole outages45 Figure 14 DC current flowing into an a.c. system during a fault on a metallic return conductor when the HVDC substation mat is used for grounding of the d.c. circuit45 Figure 15 Earth current flowing during line faults .46 Figure 16 Example of metallic return fault detection system by means of auxiliary a.c. signal46 Figure 17 Example of use of MRTB to quench fault to earth on metallic return conductor47 Figure 18 Example of an arrester protection schene for an HVDC substation.53 Figure 19 Example of a d.c. arrester protection scheme for a back to back HVDC substation.54 Figure 20 Example of an arrester protection arrangement for a capacitor commutated converter HVDC substation.54 Figure 21 Example of an a.c. arrester protection arrangement for an HVDC substation.55 Figure 22 Example of an arrester protection scheme in a HVDC substation with series-connected converters. 55 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IECLicensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 01/31/2009 00:41:36 MSTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6 TR 60919-2 © IEC:2008 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PERFORMANCE OF HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) SYSTEMS WITH LINE-COMMUTATED CONVERTERS Part 2: Faults and switching FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. T