IEEE-1003.5-1999.pdf

POSIX is a registered trademark of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. IEEE Std 1003.5, 1999 Edition (Incorporates IEEE Std 1003.5-1992, IEEE Std 1003.5b-1996, and IEEE Std 1003.5c-1998) IEEE Standard for Information Technology POSIX ® Ada Language Interfaces Part 1: Binding for System Application Program Interface (API) Includes Amendment 1: Realtime Extensions and Amendment 2: Protocol-Independent Interfaces Sponsor Portable Applications Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 8 December 1998 IEEE Standards Board Abstract: This standard is part of the POSIX ® series of standards for applications and user inter- faces to open systems. It defines the Ada language bindings as package specifications and accom- panying textual descriptions of the application program interface (API). This standard supports application portability at the source code level through the binding between ISO 8652:1995 (Ada) and ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (IEEE Std 1003.1-1996) (POSIX) as amended by IEEE P1003.1g/D6.6. Terminology and general requirements, process primitives, the process environment, files and directories, input and output primaries, device- and class-specific functions, language-specific services for Ada, system databases, synchronization, memory management, execution scheduling, clocks and timers, message passing, task management, the XTI and socket detailed network inter- faces, event management, network support functions, and protocol-specific mappings are covered. It also specifies behavior to support the binding that must be proviced by the Ada. Keywords: Ada, API, application portability, computer language bindings, information exchange, interprocess communication, networks, open systems, operating systems, portable application, POSIX, POSIX language bindings, protocol-specific, protocol-independent, real-time, sockets, thread, XTI. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:17:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Std 1003.5, 1999 Edition (Incorporates IEEE Std 1003.5-1992, IEEE Std 1003.5b-1996, and IEEE Std 1003.5c-1998) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright © 1999 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 3 December 1999. Printed in the United States of America. Print: ISBN 0-7381-1539-8 SH94710 PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1540-1 SS94710 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:17:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Com- mittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. 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Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:17:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Contents PAGE Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi Section 1: General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.1Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.2Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 1.3Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Section 2: Terminology and General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2.1Editorial Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 2.2 Defi nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 2.3General Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 2.4Package POSIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 2.5Package POSIX_Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 2.6Package POSIX_Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 2.7Package Ada_Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 2.8Package System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 2.9Package System_Storage_Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 2.10 Package POSIX_Page_Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 2.11 Environment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91 Section 3: Process Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 3.1Package POSIX_Process_Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95 3.2Package POSIX_Unsafe_Process_Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 3.3Package POSIX_Signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Section 4: Process Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 4.1Package POSIX_Process_Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 4.2Package POSIX_Process_Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 4.3Package POSIX_Process_Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 4.4Package POSIX_Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 4.5Package POSIX_Configurable_System_Limits . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Section 5: Files and Directories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 5.1Package POSIX_Permissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 5.2Package POSIX_Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 5.3Package POSIX_File_Status. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 5.4Package POSIX_Configurable_File_Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Section 6: I/O Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 6.1Package POSIX_IO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 ii Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:17:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 6.2Package POSIX_File_Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 6.3Package POSIX_Asynchronous_IO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234 Section 7: Device- and Class-Specifi c Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 7.1General Terminal Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253 7.2Package POSIX_Terminal_Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260 Section 8: Language-Specifi c Services for Ada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 8.1Interoperable Ada I/O Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279 8.2Package POSIX_Supplement_to_Ada_IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283 Section 9: System Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 9.1Package POSIX_User_Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287 9.2Package POSIX_Group_Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 Section 10: Data Interchange Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 Section 11: Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 11.1 Package POSIX_Semaphores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 11.2 Package POSIX_Mutexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304 11.3 Package POSIX_Condition_Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314 Section 12: Memory Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323 12.1 Package POSIX_Memory_Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324 12.2 Package POSIX_Memory_Range_Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326 12.3 Package POSIX_Memory_Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328 12.4 Package POSIX_Shared_Memory_Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337 12.5 Package POSIX_Generic_Shared_Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 Section 13: Execution Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 13.1 Scheduling Concepts and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 13.2 Package POSIX_Process_Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349 13.3 Task Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354 13.4 Synchronization Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356 Section 14: Clocks and Timers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357 14.1 Package POSIX_Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357 14.2 High Resolution Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366 Section 15: Message Passing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367 15.1 Package POSIX_Message_Queues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367 Section 16: Task Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 16.1 Package Ada_Task_Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 Section 17: Detailed Network Interface - XTI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385 17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .385 17.2 States and Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .391 17.3 The Use of Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399 17.4 Package POSIX_XTI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410 iii Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Provided by IHS under license with IEEELicensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/20/2007 08:17:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Section 18: Detailed Network Interface - Socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487 18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487 18.2 Events and States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489 18.3 Use of Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498 18.4 Package POSIX_Sockets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498 Section 19: Event Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535 19.1 Package POSIX_Event_Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .547 Annex B (informative) Rationale and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549 B.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549 B.2 Terminology and General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563 B.3 Process Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575 B.4 Process Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .592 B.5 Files and Directories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598 B.6 Input and Output Primitives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602 B.7 Device- and Class-Specif