IEC-TS-62257-7-3-2008.pdf

IEC/TS 62257-7-3 Edition 1.0 2008-04 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems IEC/TS 62257-7-3:2008(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2008 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. 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Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC/TS 62257-7-3 Edition 1.0 2008-04 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION W ICS 27.160; 27.180 PRICE CODE ISBN 2-8318-9672-X 2 TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.6 1 Scope.7 2 Normative references .8 3 Terms and definitions .9 4 Introduction to generator sets.11 4.1 Generator set system 11 4.2 Generator set application in rural electrification systems .11 4.3 Resource assessment .11 5 Selection and erection12 5.1 General.12 5.2 Selection requirements12 5.2.1 Power quality.12 5.2.2 Generator set sizing 12 5.2.3 Generator set type.14 5.2.4 Derating factors.14 5.2.5 Starting system15 5.2.6 Control systems.15 5.2.7 Noise issues15 5.2.8 Environmental issues 15 5.3 Erection.15 5.3.1 Shipping 15 5.3.2 Design of the erection site.16 5.3.3 Installation requirements .17 6 Safety.20 6.1 General.20 6.2 Electrical issues 20 6.2.1 General requirements20 6.2.2 Connection system to the application.20 6.2.3 Power cables.21 6.2.4 Neutral system 21 6.2.5 Earthing.21 6.2.6 Overcurrent protection.21 6.2.7 Residual Current protection Device (RCD).22 6.2.8 Isolating devices22 6.3 Mechanical issues.22 6.3.1 Vibration22 6.3.2 Protection from mechanical damage22 6.3.3 Protection from moving parts.22 6.4 Thermal issues23 6.5 Fire risk.23 7 Acceptance 23 7.1 General.23 7.2 Conformity of the generator set to the identification file .23 7.3 Conformity of the generator set system to the GS23 7.4 Acceptance process 23 TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) 3 7.4.1 Preparation of the generator set for commissioning .23 7.4.2 Commissioning inspection of the generator set system24 7.4.3 Commissioning tests of the generator set system 24 7.4.4 Test file .25 8 Operation and maintenance25 8.1 Access to the generator set.25 8.2 Operation process.25 8.3 Monitoring .26 8.4 Maintenance schedule.26 9 Replacement 26 10 Marking 27 10.1 Generator set 27 10.2 Engine.27 10.3 Alternator 27 10.4 Shutdown apparatus28 11 Documentation .28 11.1 General.28 11.2 Installation 28 11.3 Operation 29 11.4 Inspection and maintenance29 Annex A (informative) Generator set classification criteria .30 Annex B (informative) Identification file34 Annex C (informative) Maintenance schedule 35 Annex D (informative) Example of commissioning records sheet36 Bibliography38 Figure 1 General functional configuration of a generator set powered system 7 Table 1 Examples of derating factors for generator sets.14 Table 2 Generator set permitted noise levels .15 Table 3 Cross-section of power cables.21 Table A.1 Classification of generator set services30 Table A.2 Common lifespan values 31 Table C.1 Example of maintenance schedule.35 4 TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. 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Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62257-7-3, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) 5 This document is based on IEC/PAS 62111; it cancels and replaces the relevant parts of IEC/PAS 62111. This technical specification is to be used in conjunction with the future parts of this series as and when they are published. The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 82/493/DTS 82/508/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of IEC 62257 series, under the general title: Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International standard; reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. 6 TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series of documents intends to provide to different players involved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting-up of renewable energy and hybrid systems with a.c. voltage below 500 V, d.c. voltage below 750 V and power below 100 kVA. These documents are recommendations to choose the right system for the right place; to design the system; to operate and maintain the system. These documents are focused only on rural electrification concentrating on, but not specific to, developing countries. They must not be considered as all-inclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean development mechanisms at this time (CO2 emission, carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in future steps. This consistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life-cycle cost possible. One of the main objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the field of application, that is, small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) 7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 7-3: Generator set Selection of generator sets for rural electrification systems 1 Scope The purpose of this part of IEC 62257 is to specify the general requirements for the selection, sizing, erection and operation of generator sets in decentralized rural electrification systems. It applies to all low voltage combustion engine electricity generator sets with a rated power up to 100 kVA, and designed for supplying electrical power to isolated sites used in systems as described in IEC/TS 62257-2. This technical specification is not an exhaustive resource for the design, installation, operation or maintenance of generator sets but is more focused on recommendations to provide strategies on selection and criteria which may affect the use of such generation systems in a rural electrification project. Two cases will be considered as illustrated by Figure 1 to power a collective electrification system (microgrid) or an individual electrification system. the micropowersystem is composed of one generator set the micropowersystem is a hybrid one and the generator set is only part of it. This case is addressed in the document dedicated to micropower system (IEC/TS 62257-9-1). Generating set alone Individual electrification system (IES) Or Collective electrification system (CES) Main switch Generating set Generating set Generating set in an hybrid system Other power sources Main switch Secondary switch Individual electrification system (IES) Or Collective electrification system (CES) IEC 444/08 Figure 1 General functional configuration of a generator set powered system 8 TS 62257-7-3 © IEC:2008(E) The aim of this technical specification is to provide users with the appropriate levels of reliability and safety of the equipment during its estimated service lifespan. It describes the minimum safety requirements and does not claim to be an exhaustive instruction manual or design specification. Compliance with this technical specification does not exempt any person, organization or corporation from the responsibility to comply with all other relevant regulations. This technical specification gives recommendations for the following types of generator sets: a) single phase; b) three phase; c) LV range up to 500 V - 50/60 Hz (see IEC/TS 62257-9-2). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are essential for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance IEC 60034-9, Rotating electrical machines Part 9: Noise limits IEC 60034-22, Rotating electrical machines Part 22: AC generators for reciprocating internal combustion (RIC) engine dr