ISO-7387-1-1983.pdf

International Standard 738711 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.MEI+(AYHAPOAHAR OPrAHM3AMR l-IO CTAHAPTM3ALWWORGANISATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Adhesives with solvents for assembly of u PVC pipe elements - Characterization - Part 1 : Basic test methods Adhkfs Section two : conventional dry matter content; Section three : ash content. (Applicable only to adhesives which do not contain a filler unstable at the test temperature.) Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 23:10:23 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7387/1-1983 (EI Section one : Viscosity 2 General Two test methods are specified for the determination of this characteristic. The first allows the measurement of dynamic viscosity according to the shear rate; this is the reference method. The second is the Brookfield method which tan be reserved, for example, for manufacturing inspection. 3 Dynamit viscosity according to shear rate 3.1 Definitions For the purpose of this International Standard, the viscosity of a Solution is defined as follows : Consider a volume of liquid lying within two parallel planes, A and B. Plane A is stationary, plane B is moved at a uniform velocity v by a forte F. Assuming laminar flow, when rate velocity v is low, it tan be assumed that the laminar elements of liquid slide in relation to each other at a uniform shear rate defined by the formula : Y dv =- dY In the case of laminar flow, 9 is in direct proportion to the forte applied per surface unit, A : 9 1 F =- 21 XÄ where q is the reciprocal of the coefficient of proportionality, that is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid under consideration; in Pascals seconds (Pas)*; F - = z A is the shear stress, in Pascals (Pa); 9 is the shear rate, in seconds to the power minus one (s-1). Liquids for which, at a given temperature, z is independent of 9 are called Newtonian. In other cases, the liquid is said to be non-Newtonian. x A liquid tan therefore only be characterized by its viscosity coefficient if it is Newtonian. If this is not so, the value of 9 or z for which 1;1 is indicated shall be stated. 3.2 Principle Measuring, at a determined temperature, the value of torque required to overcome the resistance of adhesive to the move- ment of an immersed rotor turning at a determined and con- stant rate. Plotting of the shear stress curve as a function of the shear rate (t = vj% 3.3 Apparatus Viscometer, with a cylindrical moving body, turning in a vessel which is also cylindrical. The vessel and the cylinder are strictly coaxial. This viscometer shall be equipped with the following : - manual switch allowing selection of known shear rates; - measuring equipment allowing a value p proportional to the viscosity and to the shear stress z to be indicated. - thermostatically controlled environment, enabling the revolving moving body and the vessel to be kept at a con- stant temperature. 3.4 Preparation of the test Sample Mix the adhesive to make it homogeneous and take a Sample of sufficient volume to enable two measurements to be carried out. * 1 Pa-s = 1 Nes/m2 = 103 CP (centipoise). 2 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 23:10:23 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO 7387/1-1983 (E) 3.5 Procedure c) the temperature of the determination; Condition the following for 16 h at a temperature of 23 + 1 OC: d) the values mean value; of z obtained for each nation, and the - the Sample of the solvents) (in a closed Container to avoid evaporation e) the z = J(y) curves, determined as shown in 3.5. - the and dry) moving body and vessel Chosen ( perfectly 4 Brookfield viscosity Carry out the measurements after selecting the cylinder and the required range for the shear rate and setting the thermostati- cally controlled environment at the temperature of 23 + 1 OC. 4.1 General This method is largely based on ISO 2555, Resins in the Liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions - Determination of the Brookfield R V viscosiiy. NOTE - It may be necessary to coat the outside of the vessel with glycerine (for example) to ensure suitable thermal contact between it and the thermostatically controlled environment. Determine the curve z = q 9 by varying the shear increasing values followed by decreasing values. rate 9 first by - sampling; 3.6 Expression of results - preparation and conditioning of the test Portion; The that measuring appliance gives an indication of a value p such - a further possibility of the moving body; regarding the choice of Speed B P=VAu - the temperature at which the test shall be carried out. 4.2 Principle is the dynamic viscosity, in Pascals seconds (Pas); A moving body of cylindrical or related shape (disc), driven by a synchronous motor, rotates at constant Speed around its axis in the adhesive being examined. A and B are constants relating to the equipment used; u B =- Y is the instrument reading which is in inverse Proportion to the shear rate jL The resistance exerted by the adhesive against the moving body, which depends on the viscosity of the product, Causes tension in a spring coil which is indicated by the movement of a needle on a dial. From the above formula and the ratio z = 9, calculate the values of shear stress 2, in Pascals (Pa), obtained for each value of 9, at the temperature of the determination. The “Brookfield viscosity” is measured by multiplying the value of this movement by a coefficient depending on the Speed of rotation and the characteristics of the moving body. Record for each value values of z measured. of jj the arithmetic mean of the two The products to which this method applies are generally non- Newtonian, and the viscosity measured depends on the shear rate to which the product is subjected during measurement. The test shall be more than 5 %. considered invalid if the two differ bY However, in this type of viscometer, the shear rate is not the same at all Points on the moving body. Therefore, for non- Newtonian liquids, the result of measurement is not that of a “viscosity” at known shear rate, which is why it is conven- tionally called “Brookfield RV viscosity”. From the paired values of 9 and z, obtained by increasing then decreasing the value of 9, plot the curves z ZE f(r) 3.7 Test report The test report shall include the following information : 4.3 Apparatus a) reference to this International Standard; 4.3.1 RV model synchro-lectric Brookfield viscometer, (RVF, RVF-100 or RVT), to be Chosen according to the product being studied and the accuracy of measurement required. b) the full reference of the adhesive examined; 3 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 23:10:23 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ISO7387/1-1983 (EI NOTE - RV model Brookfield viscometers allow viscosity measurements between 0,02 Pas (20 CP) and 8 000 Pas (8 x 106 CP)“. Details of the principle of Operation of this equipment, its description and the characteristics of these three types are given in the annex. Esch viscometer is made up of the following elements : - the viscometer body; - seven removable, interchangeable moving bodies, numbered from 1 to 7 (No. 1 being the largest); these mov- ing bodies have a guide mark on their shafts, indicating the level of immersion into the liquid; they are common to the three types of viscometer; - removable guard. The rotational Speeds which tan be used in the three types of RV Brookfield viscometer are as follows : Type Speeds in r/min RVF 2 4 IO 20 RVF-100 10 20 50 100 RVT 0,5 1 2,5 5 10 20 50 100 The shapes and dimensions of the moving bodies are such that the “Brookfield RV viscosities” corresponding to the maximum deviation of the needle on the dial, in terms of the Speed, are as indicated in table 1. Table 1 - Brookfield viscosity I I 1 Viscosity in Pa-s corresponding to 1 Type of Speed the whole scale for moving bodi No. viscometer r/min 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Uarge) (small) 100 0,l 0,4 1 2 4 10 40 RVT, RVF-100 50 0,2 0,8 2 4 8 20 80 RVF, RVT, 20 0,5 2 5 10 20 50 200 RVF-100 10 1 4 10 20 40 100 400 RVT 5 2 8 20 40 80 200 800 RVF 4 2,5 10 25 50 100 250 Io00 RW- 2,5 4 16 40 80 160 400 1600 RVF 2 5 20 50 100 200 500 2000 1 10 40 100 200 400 10004000 0,5 20 80 200 400 800 2000 8000 4.3.2 Thermostatically controlled water baths, equipped with thermostats to enable the product undergoing examina- tion to be maintained at the test temperature within a tolerante of + 0,2 OC. 4.3.3 Support, enabling the equipment to be held in Position and the viscometer to be moved in a vertical plane. 4.3.4 Beaker, 90 to 92 mm in diameter and 115 to 160 mm in height. 4.3.5 Thermometer, graduated in 0,l OC, for measuring the temperature of the test product. 4.4 Preparation of the test Sample Mix the adhesive to make it homogeneous and take a test Sample of sufficient volume to enable the requisite test portions to be taken. The test Sample shall be free from air bubbles, skin and foreign bodies in Suspension. Pour the test Sample into a Container; seal it hermetically. Place the vessel containing the test Sample in the ther- mostatically controlled bath, set at the temperature Chosen for the determination, with the tolerante prescribed for it. Leave it in the bath long enough for the temperature of the test Sample to be uniform at all Points. 4.5 Choice of Speed and moving body Select the speed/moving body pairing according to the value of the viscosity to be measured, the required accuracy and the shear rate envisaged. This choice shall be made in such a way that no measurement corresponds to less than 20 % or more than 95 % of the total scale. However, in Order to obtain greater accuracy, it is advisable to limit the differente to 45 to 94 %. NOTES 1 If comparison of the viscosities of non-Newtonian products is in- tended, it is essential to use the same speed/moving body pairing for these measurements, even if the accuracy of one of the measurements is greatly reduced. 2 The choice of the Speed automatically leads to the choice of one or more types of equipment. lt is therefore recommended that Speeds of IO or 20 r/min be used if possible, as only these Speeds are common to the three types. 3 lt should be noted that type RVF has a lower limit of about 0,l Pas (100 CP), wh ereas types RVF-100 and RVT have a lower limit of about 0,02 Pas (20 CP). Adjustment and calibration of these viscometers are normally carried out by the manufacturer. Checking of this adjustment and calibration, which it is recom- mended should be carried out from time to time, tan be under- taken using Newtonian liquids of known viscosity, either by the user laboratories or by public laboratories. 4 lt may be of interest to carry out two determinations using Speeds in the ratio of 1 to 10. Thus the product may be characterized by the following ratio : Brookfield viscosity at Speed v1 thixotropy index or = Brookfield viscosity at Speed v2 ( thixotropy ratio where v1 is the lower Speed, at least 2 r/min. The determination at the lower Speed shall be carried out first. * 1 Pas = 103 CP 4 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with ISO Licensee=NASA Technical Standards 1/9972545001 Not for Resale, 04/23/2007 23:10:23 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Iso n87/1-1983 (El 4.6 Procedure 47 . Expression of results For the normal test temperature, take a temperature of Calculate the Brookfield RV viscosity, in Pascals seconds, of 23 + 1 OC. Mount the viscometer (4.3.11, fitted with its guard, the product under examination, by means of the following on its support. formula : Pour into the beaker (4.3.4) a sufficient, homogeneous amount of test Sample, taking care not to admit any air bubbles, by for example trickling the adhesive either along a glass rod or down the inside of the beaker. Place it in the thermostatically con- trolled water bath (4.3.21, having a tolerante of 0,2 OC, for sufficient time to allow it to come fairly close to the required temperature. kxl looo k is a coefficient depending on the speed/moving body pairing used, as shown in table 2; Mount the selected moving body on the shaft of the equip- ment, keeping this shaft stationary and adjusting the assembly coupling. Z is the mean of the two values read off the dial. Table 2 - Coefficient k (scale 0 to 100) for each speed/moving body pairing Keeping the beaker in the water bath, lower the equipment on its support so that the moving body is immersed in the liquid up to the bottom of the guide mark on its shaft. Check that this shaft is vertical using a spirit level and place the thermometer (4.3.5) in the test Sample. Speed . - Coefficient k for moving body No. r/min ll2)314151617 Wait until the temperature of the test Sample Comes within the specified limits. Operate the motor, reaching the required Speed while re- specting the manufacturer s instructions. 100 50 20 10 5 4 215 2 2 5 10 20 25 40 50 100 200 4 8 20 50 80 100 160 200 400 800 10 20 50 100 200 250 400 500 1000 2000 20 40 100 200 400 500 800 40 80 200 400 800 1000 po00 1600 Release the needle and allow the assembly to rotate until the needle has achieved a stable Position in relation to the dial (usually within 5 to 10 s). 015 I 2000 I4ooo 2000 4000 8 000 100 400 200 800 500 2000 1000 4 000 2 000 8000 2500 10 000 4000 16 000 5 000 20 000 10 000 40000 20 000 80000 NOTE - If the needle does not remain truly stable, but moves slowly over the dial, this often indicates the presence of a thixotropic or theopexic product. In this case, the Position of the needle should be noted a given time after pseudo-stabilization of the needle. lt is also possible to build up the viscosity curve as a function of duration of rotation. Express the results to three significant figures, indicating not only the Brookfield RV viscosity but also the speedlmoving body pairing in accordance with the following example : Brookfield RV viscosity (20,3) = 4,25 Pas 4.8 Test report Lack the needle and stop the motor so that the reading tan be taken. The test report shall include the following information : Read the value obtained on the dial, assessing the quarter units (0,251. (The dial is graduated in half units.) a) reference to this International Standard; b) the full reference of the adhesive; Operate the motor again and make another measurement. Cl the test temperature; Continue measuring until two consecutive values which do not