TIA-594-B-2004.pdf

TIA STANDARD Telecommunications Multiline Terminal Systems Synchronous Methods and Technical Requirements for Private Integrated Services Networks TIA-594-B Revision of TIA/EIA-594-A) MARCH 2004 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA-594-B-2004 Approved: March 18, 2004 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. 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(From Standards Proposal No. 3-4676-RV2, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-41.1 Subcommittee on Multi-line Terminal Systems.) Published by ©TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 2002 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search_n_order.cfm All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- NOTICE PLEASE! DON'T VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced without permission. 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Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.1 2 SCOPE.2 3 NORMATIVE REFERENCES3 4 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.4 4.1 DEFINITIONS.4 4.1.1 Asynchronous signals .4 4.1.2 Clock accuracy4 4.1.3 Clock free running mode.4 4.1.4 Clock hold over mode.4 4.1.5 Controlled Slip4 4.1.6 Hold-in range4 4.1.7 Jitter.4 4.1.8 Master clock4 4.1.9 Maximum time interval error (MTIE).5 4.1.10 Phase Lock Loop (PLL) .5 4.1.11 Phase Transients.5 4.1.12 Plesiochronous5 4.1.13 Primary Reference Source (PRS) or Clock (PRC) .5 4.1.14 Pull-in range .5 4.1.15 Reference Clock .6 4.1.16 Severely Errored Seconds (SES)6 4.1.17 Slave clock6 4.1.18 Slip6 4.1.19 Split Timing6 4.1.20 Synchronous.6 4.1.21 Synchronization6 4.1.22 Synchronization network6 4.1.23 Time-Interval Error (TIE).6 4.1.24 Timing Loop.6 4.1.25 Time to repair (TTR)6 4.1.26 Transparent.7 4.1.27 Unit Interval (UI)7 4.1.28 Wander .7 4.2 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.8 5 GENERAL INFORMATION ON SYNCHRONIZATION 9 5.1 IMPACT OF SLIPS9 5.2 OTHER IMPAIRMENTS.10 6 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND SYNCHRONIZATION METHODS.11 6.1 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS11 6.1.1 Jitter and wander at the input11 6.1.2 Jitter and wander at the output12 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B ii 6.1.3 Frequency deviation at the input .13 6.1.4 Clock accuracy 13 6.1.5 Pull-in range and Hold-in range 14 6.1.6 Phase discontinuity of slave clocks.14 6.2 TIMING REFERENCES.14 6.2.1 Reference Clock Switching Criteria14 6.2.2 Reference Restoral.15 6.2.3 Timing Reference Interfaces and Alarms15 6.2.4 Buffers.15 6.2.5 Controls .15 6.2.6 Slip performance objectives 15 6.3 SYNCHRONIZATION PLANNING GUIDE LINES IN PRIVATE DIGITAL NETWORKS.16 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) - SYNCHRONIZATION PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR E1 - C2 AND T2 INTERFACES WITH 2.048 MBITS/S ACCESS17 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) - SYNCHRONIZATION METHODS FOR PRIVATE DIGITAL NETWORKS.20 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) CONTROLLED SLIP OBJECTIVES (ISO/IEC 11573)27 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) - SYNCHRONIZED PRIVATE NETWORK EXAMPLES30 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) - SLAVE CLOCK PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES .33 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY.38 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B iii FOREWORD (This foreword is not part of this standard.) This document is a TIA Telecommunications standard produced by Subcommittee TR-41.1 of Committee TR-41. This standard was developed in accordance with TIA procedural guidelines, and represents the consensus position of the Subcommittee TR-41.1, which served as the formulating group. This standard is based on ANSI/TIA/EIA-594-A, with changes to reflect technical requirements specific to North America. The TR-41.1 Multiline Terminal Systems Subcommittee acknowledges the contribution made by the following individuals in the development of this standard. Name: Representing: Richard Frank Dietrich Lockard Raymond Gass Alcatel Francois Pinier Alcatel Radha Telikepalli Nortel Networks Editor Tailey Tung Siemens This standard has six annexes, all of which are informative. Copyrighted parts of ISO/IEC 11573 are used with permission of the ISO. The ISO owns the copyright for the ISO Standards. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to: Telecommunications Industry Association Engineering Department Suite 300 250 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 (http:/www.tiaonline.org ) Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B 1 1 Introduction When synchronous digital signals are being transported over a communications link, the receiving end must operate at the same average frequency as the transmitting end to prevent loss of information. This is referred to as link synchronization. When digital signals traverse a network of digital communications links, switching nodes, multiplexers, and transmission interfaces, the task of keeping all the entities operating at the same average frequency is referred to as network synchronization. The design of a Private Integrated Services Network (PISN) requires specification of the timing sources and receivers for the synchronization network. Proper design requires that timing loops in the synchronization network be avoided. A timing loop occurs when a clock is using as its reference frequency a signal that is itself traceable to the output of that clock. The information of such a closed timing loop leads to frequency instability and is not permitted. While it is relatively straightforward to ensure against timing loops in the primary synchronization reference network, care should be taken that timing loops do not occur during failure or error conditions when various timing references are rearranged. Further information on Private network synchronization can also be found in ISO/IEC 11573 standard. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIALicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/29/2007 03:04:19 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- TIA-594-B 2 2 Scope This TIA Standard contains requirements necessary for the synchronization of TDM based PISNs. Timing within a digital private network needs to be controlled carefully to ensure that the rate of occurrences of slips between equipment within the PISN, and the public switched networks is sufficiently low not to affect unduly the performance of voice transmissions, or the accuracy or throughput (if errored data require re-transmission) of non-voice services. The clock accuracy classification considered in this standard is based on North American stratum levels. Requirements are also based upon the interconnection of digital private telecommunication networks via digital facilities in the public (switched or packet) telecommunication networks. Synchronization in packet based networks is based on time stamping or timing protocols like Network Time Protocol (NTP). At present, time stamping based synchronization is used in ATM networks. NTP is broadly used in the Internet to synchronize distributed clocks to each other or to time server having an accurate clock (e.g. a server connected to GPS receiver). In NTP based synchronization, clock offset and skew would be estimated based on one-way delay measurement across the network, the accuracy of synchronization depends on the network paths between two hosts. This TIA standard does not address the synchronization methods applicable to packet based networks. This Standard is one of a series of technical standards on telecommunications networks and with its companion standards fills a recognized need in the telecommunications industry brought about by the increasing use of digital equipment and facilities in private networks. It is useful to anyone engaged in the manufacture of digital customer premises equipment (CPE) for private network applications, and to those purchasing, operating or applying digital CPE to digital facilities for PISNs. This Standard establishes technical criteria necessary in the design of a synchronization plan for a PISN. Compliance with these requirements would be exp