1、TASK 1Part 1 纵向比较和横向比较横向比较 首先我们要找出极值（最大值和最小值） 然后客观地、略有筛选地描述剩余数据（若数据太多，则有所侧重；若数据不多，则全部描述） 接着就是高潮了-找出不同数据之间的共同特征和大小比较（比如说，谁和谁一样大/小，谁是谁的几分之几，谁是谁的多少倍） 高潮过后，就需要有一个意犹未尽但有心无力的总结 纵向比较 首先客观描述变化的大体趋势（是升高了还是降低了，是多了还是少了） 然后描述变化的具体特征（是怎样增加的，是怎样减少的，幅度如何，速率如何） 接着找出变化趋势相似的不同物体，然后客观描述一下，以减少单词和词汇的重复使用，避免啰嗦 同样，这里也需要一个
2、纵横全局的归纳和总结 程度副词多于：More than, just over, over 少于：Less than, just under 几乎：Approximately, almost, nearly完全：Exactly, precisely 表示列举data/information句型1. Overall, A has the largest number of名词(NO1) and B the smallest (NO2). C and D both have NO3; E has NO4.Overall, Sweden has the largest number of enroll
3、ed students (17) and Syria the smallest (5). France and Spain both have 12 students; Germany has 11. It is noticeable that France and Germany have similar profiles.2. A has the most+名词+doing (NO1); B is next with NO2, while C has NO3. D and E have (相同) NO4 eachSweden has the most students studying C
4、AD (9); Spain is next with 7, while France has 6. Germany and Syria have 4 CAD students each.3. According to the pie chart, A, which is %, is the mostamong the total, then next is B with %, followed by C, making up %; and finally come E, F and G at %, %, % respectively.According to the pie chart, ch
5、icken, which is 40%, is the most popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork with 20%, followed by beef, making up 18%; and finally come lamb, fish and other at 15%, 5% and 2% respectively.纵向比较1. Experience/witness/see/enjoy+修饰词(最高级)+增加/减少/震荡Experience/enjoy + a significant/the most dramati
6、c + decrease/increase增加: increase, growth, rise 减少: decrease, drop快速: dramatic, drastic 缓慢: gradual, steady, slow大幅: significant, substantial 小幅: moderate, slight震荡: considerable/marked/sharp/minor fluctuation2. The number of was No1 in Yr and rose/reduced by % to No2The number of miles that car tra
7、veled was 3199 in 1985 and rose by 50% to 4806 in the subsequent years.增加/上升: increase, rise, grow 急促上升: jump, soar to, surge to减少/下降: decrease, drop, decline 急促下降: plummet to, plunge to3. 主语+上升/减少 to or 主语+上升/减少 by 4. The percentage/proportion/number of is 修饰词 larger/ smaller than that of 修饰词 明显: s
8、ubstantially, obviously 轻微: slightly, moderately 5. A 修饰词 increase/decrease occurred 修饰词 大幅: considerable, significant, substantial 小幅: moderate, slight6. 表示不变的状态：主语 remain constant/unchanged/stable/steady at表示趋势的句型1. there is a downward/ upward/ opposite/ general/ dominant trend 下降的/上升的/相反的/总体的/主要的
9、趋势2. tend to be more/less preferred 倾向越来越受(不)受欢迎As can be seen from the table, walk and certain short-distance transportation, such as cycled and local bus tend to be less preferred.3. There is a considerable increase/decrease inThere is a considerable increase in total miles by all modes of transpo
10、rtation, compared with the data (4,740 miles) in 1985.表示比较增长或减少趋势B also rose/increased/grew during this period, but less sharply decreased/declined/droppedThe sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 2
11、0 billion dollars three years later.表示相同相似变化趋势的句式A similar situation was seen in the, whereA similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about 550 000 in 1975 to almost 800 000 two decades later.There are some similarities between A and BB
12、e similar to/ A has something in common with B表示变化特征的词汇表示超过的词语Outnumber 比多，在数量上超过In this profession, women outnumber men by two to one.= there are twice as many women as men 在这个行业，女性人数是男性的两倍The number of men outnumbered women by four to one. 我们的人数以4比1超过他们Exceed 超过数量 The price will not exceed $100.Ov
13、ertake (在数量或重要性方面)大于，超过 Nuclear energy may overtake oil as the main fuel.表示连续的时间段1. over a span of years = over the period fromto= in the years betweenand2. during the same period3. in the No. years spanning from 19xx through 19xx= fromtowithin the 5 years period4. from then on = from this time onwa
14、rds = in the subsequent years.横向比较1. 程度副词 doubled/trebled三倍/quadruple四倍/halve减半(NO. vs NO.), whiledoubled/trebled/quadrupled/halved which were 数字(年份) and 数字(年份) respectively.The figure by long distance bus more than doubled during the same period (54 miles vs. 124 miles), while the miles by taxi tre
15、bled which were 13 miles and 42 miles respectively.2. 表示“A 占总体的多少”或“A为B倍”或“A为B的分之3. 数字(A+B), of which A wereand B wereItaly received 20 million visitors, of which 1.2 million were from the UK and 1.8 million were from the USA.4. had a higher/lower total number of 名词than any of the other+名词France had
16、 a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.表示比较的句型1. likewise, 句子. 同样地， Likewise, the use of other, unspecified, forms of transport also increased.2. By contrast/In comparison, 句子. 相反地，By contrast, the long distance vehicle enjoyed a significant increase over the
17、period, spanning from 1985 to 2000, although there exists some differences. In comparison, student expenditure in country C was considerably lower, at only US$1500 per year3. compared with the data (数字) in 年份, 句子. 与相比较，Overall, there is a considerable increase in total miles by all modes of transpor
18、tation, compared with the data (4,740 miles) in 1985.4. had half/twice/tripletimes as many 可数名词 as, but/yet the number ofand was the same.Australia had half as many visitors as Thailand (3 million vs 6 million), but the number of visitors to those countries from the UK and the USA was the same, 0.3
19、million.5. 句子, while 句子.12 million Americans visited Canada while 5.5 million visited Mexico.6. had a higher/lower total number ofthan any of the other+名词复数France had a higher total number of visitors than any of the other countries on the list.表示“%”的词语百分比：percentage, proportion, share 高：High, large
20、 highest, largest低：low, smalllowest, smallest 表示“占%”的词组正向：A constitute/occupy/account for/compose/comprise B A占B的%负向：% of B be composed of A (总体)有%的(某一元素)% of 名词 be composed of (总体)有%的(某一元素)Around 15% of our diet is composed of protein. 我们的饮食中大约有15%的蛋白质composes (某一元素)构成总体的%Christians compose around
21、2.5% of the countrys population 基督教徒占这个国家人口的2.5%Comprise 构成Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.Constitute 构成Constitute around 60% of the total/a larger percentage (around 20%) ofConstitute the majority of the labour force. 占劳动力的大多数Occupy 占据Dry lands occupy a third of
22、the worlds surface. 陆地占了地球表面的三分之一Account for (数量上，比例上)占The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the companys revenue. 日本市场占公司收入的35%.对了，差点忘了，要区分数据是data 还是 percentage.这个决定了相对应的词汇Part 2 地图题表示“A位于”A is located/situated/liesA is just off the road to A就在通向某地的路边上A is right at the center of A就在的正中央表示“A靠近或者紧挨
23、着B”:A is next to/near/close to表示“A在距离B某一面公里处”A is located/situated/lieskilometers/miles to the east/west/north/south of B表示“A位于B内的某个部分”A is located/ situated/ lies in the eastern/western/northern/southern part of B表示“A在B的某个角上”A lies/is located/is situated on/at the east/west/north/south/corner of B表
24、示“剩下的”部分：The rest of the表示“道路通向/河流流向某处”: The road runs fromtoThe river runs/ flows fromto表示“沿着河流/道路”: Along with river/road Alongside the river/road表示“A在道路或者河流的某一侧”A is located/situated/lies on the north/south side of the river/ the roade.g. situated on the south side of the River Thames, this hotel
25、 offers its guests an ideal location in central London表示“A与B仅一河之隔/仅一路之隔”: A is right across from B表示“A在道路或河流的南北端”A is located/situated/lies on the north/south end of the river/the road表示“A在B的对面”: A is opposite B待添加的隐藏文字内容3表示“A在B某一侧的边界上”A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/south
26、ern border of B表示“A在B某侧的边缘上”A is located/situated/lies on the eastern/western/northern/southern edge of B表示“A朝北/朝南/面朝公园等”A faces north/southA faces towards the north/ the southA faces a park表示“斜向的方位”: 东北 north-east 东南 south-east西北 north-west 西南 south-west表示建筑物的布局：Layout指一个建筑物周边的环境：The surroundings o
27、f a building表示“A占据了某个空间”：A occupies表示A由几个不同的部分组成：A consists of/ is composed of/ is made up of B, C and D表示A的长度是：The length of A is=A isin length表示A的宽度是：The width of A is=A isin width表示A的面积是：A isin areaThe farm is 50 kilometers in areaThe building almost doubled in floor area.表示大约：approximately, roug
28、hly, about, around表示一块地：a patch of land/ a stretch of land表示从A延伸到：A extended/ stretched fromtoThe park extended from Main Street to King George StreetThis period stretched from the mid-eighteenth century to the late nineteenth century表示比较，“与所不同的是”Unlike A, BCompared with A, BAwhile/ whereas BIn comp
29、arison/ in contrast/ by contrast, B表示可以“使用”：available表示可以“容纳”：can accommodate表示理论上讲：in theory, theoretically, hypothetically表示但事实上：but in reality/ however, realistically/ yet in practice/ but in fact/as a matter of fact, though表示在某处建造了A：A was built in=was constructed in=was established in表示在某处又增建了A：
30、A was added to=an addition was made to,which was A表示改动原建筑或原场地：v. change/ modify/ remodel n. change/modification/remodeling表示A被改造成了B：A was turned into/ was transformed into/ was converted into B表示A被搬走或拆掉：A was removed/ demolished/ taken down from表示A被B取代了：A was replaced by B/ A made way for B表示A的面积缩小：
31、the size of A was reduced to only half of/ one third of the original size表示A的面积扩大: A was expanded to twice its size=the size of A almost doubled表示A向XX方向延伸：expand/extend northward/southward/eastward/westward表示A经历了：A experienced/ witnessed/saw起初：at first=initially=in the beginning=originally接着：then=next=after that=in the following stage=in the next/subsequent period=afterward在这个阶段：at this point=in this phase=in this stage最终：finally=eventually=in the end
