毕业论文-中西方餐桌礼仪差异对比The Comparison In Table Mannes Between China and Western Countries.doc

毕业论文The Comparison In Table Mannes Between China and Western Countries中西方餐桌礼仪差异对比 西方礼仪论文 课程设计(论文)设计（论文）题目 The Comparison In Table Mannes Between China and Western Countries 学院名称 外国语学院 专业名称 英语 学生姓名 学生学号 任课教师 2015年 5月28 日 The Comparison In Table Mannes Between China and Western CountriesAbstractKnowing our table manners can make us polite in the public, and knowing western dining customs can let us integrate into world preferably. During communication we will show our best image and avoid cultural conflicts. Learning and using the right etiquette will not only step up our own impression, but also promote the benefit and strife of the company. With the development of opening-up policy, foreign etiquette, enter to our daily life by day. Besides the commercial etiquette, the dinner table etiquette is also important. This paper will focus on the differences of table manners between the West and China, and analyzes the reasons that caused the differences. Key words: table manners; arrangements of seats; cultural differences中西方餐桌礼仪差异对比摘 要众所周知，餐桌礼仪可以使我们在公众面前举止更加端庄礼貌，了解西方的饮食习惯可以让我们更好地融入世界。在沟通过程中，我们将展示我们最好的一面，避免文化冲突。学习和正确地使用礼仪不仅能加深别人对我们自己的印象，同时也促进了公司的利益的发展和避免冲突的出现。随着改革开放的发展，涉外礼仪，进入我们的日常生活中的一天。除了商务礼仪，餐桌礼仪也很重要。本文将重点指出西方餐桌礼仪和中国之间的差异，并简单分析造成差异的原因。关键词（顶格书写，小4号黑体）：餐桌礼仪；座次安排；文化差异； (35，小4号宋体，用中文分号隔开)IntroductionDue to the Chinese people and foreigners have different life styles, the way of thinking, cultures, the table manners between china and western countries show a big difference. Chinese table manners have a long history, which date from Zhou Dynasty, at that time table manners have a quite complete system. Those table manners gradually go to a level of mature and perfect, moreover, they took an important part in the past and still have a deep influence in the modern society. Western dining customs originate in Merovingian Dynasty, France, and in the 20 century, Italian culture came to France, table manners and menu turned to be more elegant and delicate, from that time, books of etiquette are published gradually. Today, table manners inherit in Europe. Table manners in Western countries have influence on Chinese table manners because of World Integration. In order to protect our table culture, we can make the two table manners integrated, which is good for us communicating with foreigners. So, it is necessary for us to know the differences of the two table manners. The introduction of table manners of china. 1. The Brief Introduction of Chinese table mannersAccording to the literature review, the etiquette of diet has formed into a complete system in Zhou dynasty. And as the traditional ancient etiquette of diet, there is a fixed routine treating the guests. First, the hosts will send the invites to the guests, standing politely out the gate to welcome the guests. Well, when all the guests are here, they will briefly make greetings to each other, and then all of them will be invited to the saloon drinking some tea or eat some cakes. And then hardly all the guests arrive when they are leaded into the banquet. What's important is that all the people should seat themselves in the right place, in the ancient china, the "left" is first seat, while the seat in front of it is the second seat, and behind the first seat is the third seat, the forth seat is behind the second seat. And if they want to make a toast or serving the dishes, they should obey some rules. They should firstly come to the old and the major guests, then the hosts. However, after finishing the banquet, all the guests will be served teas in the saloon till they leave. And this kind of etiquette have restored till now in most ares. And the importing of the western etiquette in Qing Dynasty has boosted the communication of China and Western.1.1 The eating taboo of ChinaWhat's more, we are supposed to respect the culture, manners, and customers when we have meals with the Chinese family. Furthermore, we must pay full attention not breaking the taboo, For example, if you want to eat the fish in China, do not turn over the body of the fish with the chopsticks. because traditional custom of China believes that when you turn it over, your sheep will turn over, too. And you are not allowed to stick the chopsticks upright into the rice, it really means something ominous. And when you finish eating, you can not say that I finished, you should say that I am full, because it sounds like you have dead and will never ever have chance eating meals.The table manner of China has been a really important symbol of Chinese complete life orders. They think eating meals not only satisfies one's physiological needs, but also vital social intercourse experience.2. The Brief Introduction of Table Manners of the WestThe western families have always regarding the table as the class lessons. When the first day their children go eating meals, they started educating how to behave themselves at the table in the visible or in tangible way. The western kids usually learn the systematic table manners in the age of two, and when they are four, they can fully learn all the table manners. What's more, a five-year-old child is willing to doing some preparation before the meal or doing the cleaning after the meals. And American also focus on the education of the environmental protection. Children should know that which things can be recycle and what can be the permanent garbage. Patriarch will teach their children how to make the drinks by themselves before the picnic in order not to by the zip-top cans on shelf. Since they know abusing the source do mean the environmental damage, they advocate saving the sources. As for the table manners, a American teacher said that good manners do help for the achievements of a person, also, a big business trade or love affair is starting from the table manners.3. The Differences in Seating Arrangements of China and West3.1 Arrangement of Seat in Chinese Way In the table manners of China, first, you should invite the guests sit above the salt. and then lead the olds to the seats in orders. As guests, you should sit on the chair through the left hand, and never start to eat or make some noise, walk around while get the permission from the hosts. Well, if you have some things urgent to do, you have politely tell the hosts and then to do then. The guests should seat after the hosts give an invitation, what is the most important is that the hosts can not let the guests sit where the dishes serve. And now the more popular table manners are the lasting of the old one and combined the foreign etiquette. And the right place is the most important seat. The VIP sit besides the host.3.2 Arrangement Of Seats in Western Way In the table manners of West, when the female host declares the banquet is ready, the male host will lead the guests seat themselves in orders, and the female host at last of the line. Some hosts will prepare the the name cards showing the seats orders, if not, men and women will sit apart, men sit first on the right besides the female hosts, the women will sit on the right besides the men, while the couples should sit on the opposite angles. Well, the couples sitting apart shows that the American banquet is open and exciting. And they hope all the guests get more familiar with each other, and make the banquet more harmony.3.3 The Differences Between Serving the DishesAs for the China, cold dishes are always the first, then the drinks and alcoholic drinks, then go the main course, at last the sweet food and fruits. Well, there are many tables at the banquet, the same dishes will be served at the same tame. The orders also abide by the rules. The hot dishes should be served on the left of the hosts. When you need to serve the single dish or the jardiniere and snakes, you should go the guests first, then the hosts. Do not let the tale towards the main place. While in the West, there are some ways that used to serve dishes, one is that serve the big plate, the guests can take whatever they like. One is that deliver the male to every guests by the waiters. One is that use the small plate, then give them to the guests. And in the most formal banquet, the main courts is served as the playing ppt, the dishes served at one time. But in China, the cold dish will be used for stimulating the appetite, then go the hot soup, at last the main courts. Whats more, the piquancy dish is necessary, the light rice combined with the piquancy dish is the enjoyment of the guests. These orders make the banquet more well-organized and harmonious. And it is also the reflect of the accomplishment of the guests and hosts.4. Conclusion Well, the difference is the result of the collision of the Chinese and the Western culture. And it is also the reflect of the diverse culture in China and West. The reason is that the distinctive way of thinking, the Chinese thoughts are more comprehensive, they focus more on the interests of collective, while the western people concentrate more on the individualism and themselves. And they all like express themselves and show themselves. So, we should concentrate on these diffreces, and learn more penetrate of this phenomenon. And then understand more behind the table manners.Works cited仲锡，李兆平. Talking about China in English .上海：上海科学普及出版社 ，2009.王颖，The Joy Luck Club.Pengui：America,2006.徐行言，中西方文化比较。北京：北京大学出版社，2004。学生学习心得学生（签名）： 年 月 日诚信承诺本人郑重声明所呈交的课程报告是本人在指导教师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。与我一同工作的同学对本文研究所做的贡献均已在报告中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。学生（签名）：任课教师评语成绩评定：任课教师（签名）： 年 月 日 a您好，为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A national survey was recently launched to evaluate the eye health of Chinese children andteenagers.On June 6, China's annual National Day for Eye Care, the China Youth Development ServiceCenter and Zhejiang Medicine, a leading listed Chinese pharmaceutical company, jointlyannounced the kickoff of the survey.In about one month, a questionnaire compiled by top eye care medical experts in China willbe distributed through multiple online partners, including Health.sohu.com, as well asthrough offline survey events held in universities, middle schools and primary schools acrossthe country.A report will be released based on the survey statistics and analysis, and most importantly,guidelines for parents and youth on how to care for the eyes and prevent myopia  agrowing problem in China's digitized society, will also be attached on the report."Myopia is not only a disease that makes people see things blurrily, but also leads to severecomplications, such as glaucoma (increased pressure within the eyeball), and can causeblindness," said Zhou Yuehua, an established eye care specialist with Beijing TongrenHospital."It is very important for parents and children to know about the risk and care for their eyes."There are about 450 million myopia patients in China. Among Chinese myopia patients,30million are severe patients, according to ZhouThe prevalence of myopia among high school and college students is more than 70 percent,and the situation is continuously worsening, he added.Sun Zhu, director with the China Youth Development Service Center, said long hours ofstudy, lack of exercise, especially outdoor activities, and attachment to electronic screen aresome of the top reasons behind the widespread myopia problems, and the increase ofyounger patients, although China has made great progress in improving the hardwarefacilities and lighting conditions in schools.He said he hopes the survey will alert people on the threatening situation, and also helpmedical experts to better guideline parents and children's behaviors to care for eyes, basedon the timely and factual statistics the survey collected.A series of follow-up events will also be held in six cities, including Jinan in Shandongprovince, and Changsha in Hunan province, to educate people on how to care for eyes afterthe survey started. More and more Chinese are jogging to get and stay fit. Most joggers will run alone, but some will jog with friends or even coaches. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is one of the most popular spots. It is packed with runners in the afternoon, usually after work, and at weekends. Jogging after a whole day's work can be a way to unwind. It is true for He Wenjun, whose workplace is right near the forest park. She discovered her athletic aptitude at the age of seven, when she began playing tennis. Then she turned to jogging, and she has persevered with it for 10 years. "I come to jog almost every day after work, whenever I have time. I think jogging is good for my health. And for me, a girl, it helps me to achieve to eternal goal, to keep slim," He said. He says she prefers jogging alone, so she can focus better. She loves jogging, even during Beijing's smoggy days. "If the smog is severe, I'll hold off jogging for a while. But if I really want to get away from work, I'll wear a mask, or just ignore the smog and go on jogging," she said. For those who are not so athletic, jogging also has its attractions. Wu Houbin started roughly two years ago, when he was severely obese. Within two months, his weight dropped from 82 kilograms to 64 kilograms. The success helped him recover health, and he has made friends. "Jogging does not require speed, but stamina. If you want to stick to the game, you need to take it as a mission, a habit, and then eventually a hobby," Wu said. But persevering with jogging is not always easy. Jogging is beneficial for heart-lung function, and the skeletal system, but doctors say improper technique damages the joints, especially the knees and ankles. "Excessive jogging wears down the body, and harms one's health. Poor technique harms the muscles and skeleton, and can cause secondary injures. And, jogging in a bad environment can cause circulation problems," said Lu Zhiyong, attending doctor, Sports Hospital, General Admin. of Sports.Dr. Lu has some tips for joggers, and those who are thinking of taking it up.He says people should first evaluate their physical condition, to decide the amount and type of exercise, and jogging in the open air is better running on a treadmill. Conrad Macao will run special programs for the entire month of October this year to support the Hong Kong Cancer Fund's Pink Revolution, an annual campaign that seeks to raise awareness and funds for breast cancer research, the hotel recently announced. A major sponsor of the campaign for three years in a row, Conrad Macao has pledged to donate a portion of its proceeds to the fund, including those colle