法学理论论文论隐蔽劳动关系.doc
论隐蔽劳动关系 论隐蔽劳动关系 On the Disguised Labor Relationship【中文摘要】 所谓隐蔽劳动关系,是指假造某种与事实不同的表面现象,从而达到限制或削弱法律所提供保护目的的一种旨在隐藏或扭曲真实存在的劳动关系的法律关系。其手段包括以另一种法律外壳加以掩盖或赋予其另一种使劳动者获得更少保护的工作形式。作为一种新兴的规避劳动法律法规的方式,其已被一些企业所采用并呈现出逐渐蔓延的趋势。然而,国内对此研究极少,且尚未引起重视,国外也仅对与之相似的“隐蔽雇佣关系”有过研究。当前,认真研究和遏止这种更具隐蔽性和危险性的劳动违法行为,是我们的重要任务。隐蔽劳动关系作为一种非正常的劳动关系,从本质上看属于劳动关系,但从外表上看却属于另外一种法律关系或者被另外一种事实或法律安排所掩盖的关系,然而其法律特征却与这种表面关系有一定的差别。从主观意愿上讲,隐蔽劳动关系中的劳动者往往处于弱势,为谋生不得不接受此类安排,并非出于自愿。隐蔽劳动关系在实践中有很多表现形式,笔者将其分为两类:一类是利用其它法律关系掩盖劳动关系的隐蔽劳动关系,这类表现形式又可分为两种:一种是非以被迫企业化方式形成的隐蔽劳动关系,这主要是一些“非典型”的劳动关系,如:实习生、培训生、学徒以及其他因法律关系不甚明确或法规不甚明确而导致用人单位籍此掩盖劳动关系的情形。这一种内也包括因与劳动关系界限不甚清晰而经常被利用的雇佣关系。另一种是以被迫企业化的方式形成的隐蔽劳动关系,包括以劳务合同形式存在的如承揽、代理等其他隐蔽劳动关系。隐蔽劳动关系的第二类表现形式是采用一种工作形式或安排使劳动者获得更少的法律保护,这一类主要包括劳务派遣关系等。关于如何确认一种劳动关系之外的法律关系或劳务派遣关系是否属于实质上的劳动关系,文章的第三部分根据不同的类别,论述了不同法律关系的特征及其与隐蔽劳动关系的主要区别,提出了一些具有可操作性的标准,以期能在实践中给劳动监察和处理劳动纠纷的司法部门以参考。最后,对于如何应对处理隐蔽劳动关系,作者从实践的角度出发,给予了一定的建议,鉴于隐蔽劳动关系是一个新生的事物,且其表现形式复杂多样,为区分是否属于隐蔽劳动关系所制定的标准应既具有可操作性又能防止用人单位进一步对该标准进行规避,所以建议该标准应当具有一定的原则性和灵活性,以利于劳动监察部门和司法部门根据个案情况分别进行审查。【英文摘要】 A disguised labor relationship is one which is lent an appearance that is different from the underlying reality,with the intention of nullifying or attenuating the protection afforded by the law.It is thus an attempt to conceal or distort the labor relationship,either by cloaking it in another legal guise or by giving it another form in which the worker enjoys less protection.As a new way to escape labor laws,it is adopted by some companies, and is going to be adopted by more and more companies.Though foreign Scholars did some study on the “disguised employment relationship”, which is similar to the disguised labor relationship,Chinese scholars pay little attention and did little research on it,at this time it is a important question for us to study on how to keep this dangerous kind of labor irregularity within limits.As an abnormal kind of labor Relationship,the disguised labor relationship is a labor relationship in nature,but appears another legal relationship on the surface,or disguised by another fact or legal arrangement.of course its character is different from the other legal relationship it appears to be.And the works in the disguised labor relationship is reluctant to be involved in this relationship,but is forced to do so.The disguised labor relationship has many forms in practice.we divided the forms in to two categories.One is disguised by another legal relationship,this category contains two aspects:1.non-Forced Entrepreneurship,like:trainees,and employment relationship.2.Forced Entrepreneurship,like forwarders and agents.the second category is disguised by giving it another form in which the worker enjoys less protection,this category contains the labor dispatch. How to determine a legal relationship which appears not to be labor relationship is labor relationship in fact? The third section of this article did a research on the difference between labor relationship and other relationship.And set some practical standards to distinguish them according to different categories.At last,on the regulation of disguised labor relationship,the author provided some advises from the legislation,judicature and administration angles.Since that the disguised labor is a new way of evading legal responsibility,and its forms are complicated.The standards to distinguish the disguised labor relationship should be basic and flexible,to make it easier for the checkup according to different situation.【中文关键词】 隐蔽劳动关系; 雇佣关系; 承揽关系; 实习生; 学徒; 劳务派遣 【英文关键词】 Disguised labor relationship; Employment; Relationship ; Trainee; Apprentice; Labor dispatch 【毕业论文目录】摘要 4-6 ABSTRACT 6-7 引言 9-17 一、问题的导出 9-10 二、研究的价值和意义 10-11 三、目前的研究情况及缺陷 11-17 第一章 隐蔽劳动关系 17-23 一、劳动关系的概念 17 二、劳动关系发展的历史渊源 17-18 三、隐蔽劳动关系的概念 18-19 四、隐蔽劳动关系的特点 19 五、隐蔽劳动关系的负面影响 19-21 六、隐蔽劳动关系和事实劳动关系的比较 21-23 第二章 隐蔽劳动关系的鉴别及其表现形式 23-39 一、隐蔽劳动关系的鉴别 23-26 (一) 劳动关系的特征 23-24 (二) 隐蔽劳动关系的界定 24-26 二、表现为他种法律关系的隐蔽劳动关系 26-31 (一) 表现为雇佣关系的隐蔽劳动关系 26-28 (二) 表现为实习关系的隐蔽劳动关系 28-30 (三) 表现为学徒、练习生关系的隐蔽劳动关系 30-31 三、表现为”被迫企业化”形式的隐蔽劳动关系 31-36 四、采用某种形式使劳动者获得更少保护的隐蔽劳动关系 36-39 第三章 对隐蔽劳动关系的应对措施 39-41 结论 41-43 参考文献 43-45 致谢 45
