2019-2020英语必修四讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅲ　Grammar——直接引语和间接引语 含答案.pdf

Section Grammar直接引语和间接 引语 直接引语和间接 引语 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟 He said to me， “You are wrong.” He told me that I was wrong. “ Are you a soldier？ ”he asked. He asked if/whether I was a soldier. He asked， “Where are you going to get off， John？ ” He asked John where he was going to get off. “ Make sure the door is closed，” the teacher said to me. The teacher told me to make sure the door was closed. “ I will come and see you again this evening，Tom， ”she said. She told Tom that she would go and see him again that evening. “I will come here again today， ”she said. She said that she'd go there again that day. 1.若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引 语时， 要用连词 that 来引导宾语从句 ； 直接引语中的人称、时态等都要作相 应的变化，如句。 2.若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间 接引语时，要用连词 if 或 whether 来 引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语 序变为陈述句语序，如句。 3.若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间 接引语时，需用原来的疑问词来引导 宾语从句；同时，要将疑问句语序变 为陈述句语序，如句。 4.若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引 语时， 需改用 “动词宾语不定式” 结构， 其中的动词通常是表示 “命令、 建议、请求”的动词，如句。 5.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词 和动词要作相应变化，如句。 6.直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语 和时间状语要作相应变化，如句。 一、基本概念 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语” 。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出， 叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。 直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、 时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面作相应的变化。 “I like singing， ”she said.(直接引语) She said she liked singing.(间接引语) 她说她喜欢唱歌。 “Don't touch anything， ”he said.(直接引语) He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语) 他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换 1引述陈述句时，用连词 that 引导(that 在口语中常被省略。)，引述动词主要 用 say，tell，repeat，answer，reply，explain，announce，declare，think 等。 He said， “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。 He said， “I've left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。 2引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时，通常用 whether 或 if 引导，而引述选择 疑问句时，一般只能用 whether 引导，引述动词用 asked，语序用陈述句语序。 She said， “Do you like watching the advertisements on TV？” She asked me if/whether I liked watching the advertisements on TV. 她问我是否喜欢看电视上的广告。 He asked， “They live in groups，don't they？” He asked whether/if they lived in groups. 他问他们是否是群居。 He asked， “Are you a teacher or a student？” He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.他问我是老师还是学生。 巧学助记 一般疑问句变间接引语“口诀” if/whether 接引语，陈述语序莫忘记； 人称、时态和状语，变化需用陈述句。 即时训练 1 句型转换(每空一词) The doctor said， “You should eat more vegetables.” The doctor told me that I should eat more vegetables. He asked， “Are you sure your mother will come？” He asked me whether/if I was sure my mother would come. She said， “You have seen the film，haven't you？” She asked if/whether I had seen the film. 3引述特殊疑问句时，用原句中的疑问词作为间接引语的连接词，引述动词 用 ask(sb.)，语序用陈述句语序。 “Where did you find the ads for jobs abroad？”Bill asked. Bill asked where I had found the ads for jobs abroad. 比尔问我是在哪儿找到有关到国外工作的广告的。 “What are you doing now？”Mom asked. Mom asked what I was doing then. 妈妈问我当时在做什么。 巧学助记 直接引语为疑问句时，将其变为间接引语要遵循“一改、二换、三变化、四 连词”的原则。 一改：指改变语序； 二换：即换 said 为 asked； 三变化：指人称、时态、状语变化； 四连词：即直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语中应用 whether/if 引导；直接 引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。 4引述祈使句通常用“动词宾语不定式”结构。如果祈使句为否定句， 要在不定式的前面加上 not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词 order，tell，warn ； 引述表示请求的祈使句常用动词 ask，beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句常用动 词 advise 等。 He said， “Please come here again tomorrow.” He asked me to go there again the next day. 他让我第二天再到那儿去。 He said， “Do have a look yourself first.” He advised me to have a look myself first. 他建议我自己先看一看。 He said， “Don't make so much noise，boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪声。 巧学助记 祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改、二变、三加、四去”原则： 一改：said(to)改为 asked 或 told； 二变：said to 的宾语变成 asked 等的宾语； 三加：即在动词原形前加 to，使其成为动词不定式； 四去：去掉 please。 即时训练 2 句型转换(每空一词) He asked， “Who cured you of your toothache？” He asked me who had cured me of my toothache. He asked me， “What do you do on weekends？” He asked me what I did on weekends. The teacher said to the boy， “Open the door，please！” The teacher told the boy to open the door. His father said to him， “Don't leave the window open when you are out.” His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out. 三、直接引语变成间接引语时要特别注意几个变化 1人称的变化 人称变化记忆口诀： “一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” 一随主：引号内的第一人称变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。 She said， “I'm a senior partner in a law firm.” She said that she was a senior partner in a law firm. 她说她是律师事务所的资深合伙人。 二随宾：引号内的第二人称变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。 He said to Lily， “You must make good use of the chance.” He told Lily that she must make good use of the chance. 他对莉莉说必须好好利用这次机会。 第三人称不更新：引号内的第三人称在变间接引语后人称不变。 She said to me， “They want to purchase a new car.” She told me that they wanted to purchase a new car. 她对我说他们想买一辆新车。 2时态的变化 直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接 引语中的动词时态形式不变。但是如果引述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动 词时态形式一般按下列规律变化： 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 一般将来时过去将来时 过去完成时过去完成时 The teacher said， “You are doing OK.” The teacher said that we were doing OK. 老师说我们做得不错。 He said， “I have written a novel.” He said that he had written a novel. 他说他已经写完了一篇小说。 即时训练 3 把下列句子变为间接引语，注意人称和时态变化 He said， “She will come here to have a long holiday.” He said that she would go there to have a long holiday. He said， “I saw the film yesterday.” He said that he had seen the film the day before. She said， “I have seen the film.It is good.” She said that she had seen the film，and that it was good. Peter said， “I'm busy today.” Peter said that he was busy that day. 3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化 在直接引语中在间接引语中 thisthat 指示代词 thesethose nowthen todaythat day tonightthat night this week/ month，etc. that week/ month，etc. yesterdaythe day before last week/ month，etc. the week/ month，etc.before two weeks/ months，etc.ago two weeks/ months，etc.before tomorrowthe next day 时间状语 next week/month，etc.the next week/month，etc. 地点状语herethere comego 方向动词 bringtake “I will come and help you tomorrow，Mary， ”she said. She told Mary that she would go and help her the next day. 她告诉玛丽第二天她会去帮她。 “I'll come and see you again this evening，Tom， ”he said. He told Tom(that)he would go and see him again that evening. 他告诉汤姆他那晚要再去看他。 即时训练 4 将下列句子变为间接引语，注意指示代词、物主代词和时间状语的变化 He said， “I am living with my cousin.” He said that he was living with his cousin. Mr Green asked， “Jack，have you passed the exam yesterday？” Mr Green asked Jack whether he had passed the exam the day before. The old man said， “I like to talk with these young men.” The old man said that he liked to talk with those young men. 4语序变化 直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问语序变为陈述语序，并且需把 谓语动词 say 或 say to sb.变为 ask 或 ask sb.。 “Are all ads playing tricks on us？”I asked her. I asked her whether/if all ads were playing tricks on us. 我问她是否所有的广告都欺骗我们。 The teacher asked the boy， “How many pages have you read today？” The teacher asked the boy how many pages he had read that day. 老师问那个男孩那天读了多少页。 四、直接引语变成间接引语时，时态保持不变的几种情况 如果引述动词为过去式时，间接引语中动词的形式则在下列情况下不用变化： 1直接引语是客观真理、格言、谚语。 He said， “I'm a boy，not a girl.” He said that he is a boy，not a girl. 他说他是男孩，不是女孩。 2直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jane said， “Mary，where were you going when I met you on the bus？” Jane asked Mary where she was going when she met her on the bus. 简在公交车上碰见玛丽时，问她要去哪里。 3直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时 态不变。 John said， “I was born on June 8，2000.” John said he was born on June 8，2000. 约翰说他出生于 2000 年 6 月 8 日。 4直接引语是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语 时，时态不变。 He said， “I have breakfast at seven every morning.” He said he has breakfast at seven every morning. 他说他每天早晨七点吃早饭。 即时训练 5 把下列各句改为间接引语(每空一词) “Light travels much faster than sound， ”my father told me. My father told me that light travels much faster than sound. The teacher said， “Where there is a will，there is a way.” The teacher said that where there is a will，there is a way. He said， “I was born in 1986.” He said that he was born in 1986. “When did you come here？”she asked. She asked me when I went there. .单句语法填空 1The man asked me whether I could lend him some money or not. 2Jane asked her father why he was late for the party that day. 3His father told him not to leave (leave) the door open. 4The teacher said that light travels (travel)faster than sound. 5She told me that the meeting would be held (hold)in her office in half an hour. 6The woman told us that she had been(be) to many countries already. 7The boy said that when the teacher came in，he was reading (read)a novel. 8 The mayor told the villagers that a new school would be built (build)here the next year. 9He told us that he went (go)to college in 1994. 10The captain ordered all the soldiers to stay (stay)in the building. .完成句子 1我妈妈叫我去帮她的忙。 My mother asked me to go and help her 2卫兵问我们在那里做什么。 The guard asked us what we were doing there 3她问她妈妈是否可以和她一起去购物。 She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her 4他告诉我们不要站在那里不说话。 He told us not to stand there in silence. 5他告诉我这本书他已看过三遍了。 He told me that he had read the book three times. 6他问我是否是学生。 He asked whether/if I was a student 7老师告诉我们不要浪费时间。 The teacher told us not to waste our time. 8她问我这本书是我的还是他的。 She asked me whether the book was mine or his 9汤姆的妈妈问汤姆是否已经完成了家庭作业。 Tom's mother asked Tom whether/if he had finished his homework 10她说她在等公交车的时候已经看了这篇文章。 She said she had read the article while she was waiting for a bus.