2019-2020英语必修五讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅵ　Language points（Ⅲ）（Project） .pdf

Section Language points()(Project) .单词拼写 根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。 1Negative attitudes(态度)are bad for your study and sometimes even make you feel depressed. 2Our hotel has a worldwide(全世界的) reputation for good service. 3She was eager(急切的)to tell me about the events that led to the argument. 4As for those Internet users，they should be cautious(小心的)when making friends online. 5 The tutor needs to observe carefully how the student responds(反 应 )to different methods of studying. 6She had little mercy on those who had hurt her. 7I have an apology to make to you I'm afraid I opened your letter by mistake. 8Ancient people relied mainly upon their physical strength. 9He hesitated before he took the last cake. 10He continued speaking，regardless of my feelings on the matter. .拓展词汇 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。 1adolescent adj.青春期的 n青少年 adolescence n青春期；青春 2caution n谨慎，小心cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 3respond vi.做出反应，回应response n回答；反应 4secure adj.安全的，可靠的 security n平安，安全；安全措施 5commit vt.使承担义务；使作出保证；犯罪/错 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的 寻规律、巧记忆 n.­wideadj.人生不同的时期 nationwide 全国范围的 countrywide 全国范围的 citywide 全市的 babyhood 婴儿时期 childhood 儿童时期 adulthood 成年时期 .补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语。 1be eager for sth. 渴望得到某事 2regardless of 不管，不顾 3end up 最后成为；最终处于 4rely on 依靠，依赖 5thanks to 幸亏；由于 6be cautious about 对谨慎的 7be based on 以为基础，以为 根据 8in conclusion 总之 .选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空。 1At home one relies on one's parents and outside on one's friends. 2The boss is cautious about making promises. 3Health is very important to us teenagers.Either study or work is based on strong body. 4Thanks to the government's efforts，my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 5Regardless of the children's interest，some parents want them to attend all kinds of other classes，laying a heavy burden on their shoulders. 寻规律、巧记忆 beadj.for动词短语v.up动词短语 be good for 对有好处 be ready for 准备好 be harmful for 对有损害 build up 增强 hang up 挂断电话 pack up 打包；整理 1When asked，they usually hesitate before responding， My best friend？. 当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？” 记句式结构 when asked 是“连词过去分词”结构，是状语从句的省略形式。 仿写促落实 Secondly， when praised， we reply with“ Oh， no！ ”or“I'm overpraised”to show good manners. 其次，当被表扬时，我们用“哦，不是！”或者“过奖了”以示礼貌。 2We have to realize：boys share activities，while girls share feelings. 我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。 记句式结构 while 连接两个从句，意为“而” ，表示一种对比关系。 仿写促落实 Some people support it while others do not 一些人支持它而另外一些人则不支持。 3At first，I didn't mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad. 开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始 感到伤心。 记句式结构 having their pictures taken 是“have sth.done”结构，表示“使某事被做” 。 仿写促落实 I must go to town to have my computer repaired. 我得进城找人帮我修电脑。 attitude n态度，看法 (教材 P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship. 男生和女生对友谊的态度是不一样的。 attitude to/towards sb./sth.对的态度/看法 have a positive/negative attitude to/towards sb./sth. 对某人/某事物持肯定/否定的态度/看法 take/adopt a/an.attitude 采取的态度 (2018·天津高考·完形填空)From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can affect the members of a team. 从这次经历中，我学到了很多关于领导者的态度如何影响团队成员的知识。 They adopt a strong attitude towards this matter. 他们对这件事采取强硬的态度。 Scientists have a fairly negative attitude to the theory. 科学家们对这个理论的态度是相当消极的。 What is your attitude to/towards the problem? 你对这问题的看法如何？ be based on/upon 以为基础，以为根据 (教材 P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests. 女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊 则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。 (1)base vt.以为根据 n 基部；基地；基础 base.on/upon 以为基础 at the base of. 在的底部 (2)basis n 基础 on the basis of 以为基础 (3)basic adj. 基础的，基本的 (2018·全国卷· 阅读理解 B)When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream” 当与浆果或其他水果片混合在一起时，冷冻香蕉是制作厚的、冷却的水果奶 昔和低脂“冰淇淋”的绝佳基础。 You should judge someone on the basis of the truth. 你应该根据事实来评判某个人。 You should base your remarks on/upon careful investigation. 你的言论应该建立在仔细调查的基础上。 Before he leaves home，he needs to learn some basic (base) cookery. 离家之前，他需要学点基本的烹饪技巧。 cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的 (教材 P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends. 对于与密友们分享感情这件事，男孩会更加谨慎。 (1)be cautious about/of对小心谨慎的 (2)caution n 小心，谨慎 with cautioncautiously 谨慎地 Parents must be cautious of/about whatever they say or do in or out of their home because their children are learning from them both consciously and unconsciously. 父母必须对他们在家中或是外面所说或所做的任何事情小心谨慎，因为他们 的孩子可能有意或是无意地跟他们学。 Those numbers need to be treated with caution. 这些数字需要谨慎地看待。 Move the vase cautiously(cautious) because it is fragile.请小心挪动这个花瓶， 因为它易碎。 eager adj.热切的，急不可待的 (教 材 P18)A girl's closest friend， however， might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life. 而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些 事。 (1)be eager for sth. 渴望得到某物 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 (2)eagerly adv. 热切地，渴望地 eagerness n 渴望，热心，热切 Everyone is eager to succeed, but the road to success is full of hardships. 每个人都渴望成功，但是通往成功的道路上充满艰辛。 These stay-at-home children in the countryside are eager for the love and care from their parents. 这些农村留守儿童渴望得到父母的关爱。 Five hundred pairs of eyes were fastened upon him eagerly(eager) 五百双眼睛热切地盯着他。 联想助记 表达“渴望做某事”的短语还有： be anxious to do sth.be dying to do sth. be keen to do sth. long to do sth. (教材 P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding， My best friend？. 当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？” (1)hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑不决；踌躇；勉强 (1)hesitate about/over. 对犹豫 hesitate to do sth. 不愿做某事，迟疑做某事 (2)hesitation n 犹豫；迟疑不决 without hesitation 毫不犹豫 have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事 She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses. 这两件衣服究竟选哪一件，她犹豫不决。 In case you need something，please don't hesitate to ask(ask) me. 如果你需要什么东西，请不要客气，一定要对我说。 I will have no hesitation(hesitate) in declining the post.我会毫不犹豫地拒绝这 个职位。 (2)respond vi.做出反应，回应 (1)respond to回答；对做出反应 respond that. 回答说 (2)response n 回答；反应 in response to. 作为对的回答/反应 make no response to 对不作回答，对无回应 (2018·江 苏 高 考 ·阅 读 理 解 D)The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock. 该报告发现，如果年轻人对社交媒体上的帖子不及时、不间断地回复，他们 的友谊可能会受到威胁。 She made no response to my question. 她对我的问题没有做什么答复。 He always takes the lead in response to the government's call. 他总是带头响应政府的号召。 regardless of 不管，不顾 (教材 P18)The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships. 无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一 样的。 (1)regardless adv.不顾；不管怎样 (2)despite prep. 尽管，虽然 in spite of 虽然，尽管 Despite her recent surgery she has been carrying on regardless. 尽管最近做了手术，她还是不顾一切地进行下去。 In spite of his disappointment，he managed a weak smile. 尽管他很失望，他还是勉强露出一丝淡淡的微笑。 明辨异同 regardless of/in spite of regardless of意为“不管” ，强调主观态度 in spite of意为“尽管” ，表示让步关系，强调客观情况，相当于 despite regardless of，in spite of In spite of the cold day，he didn't shrink，and went to the rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety. 名师点津 regardless of，despite 和 in spite of 的意义及用法区别不大，都是介词(短语)， 后面通常都不接从句。 end up 最后成为；最终处于 (教材 P19)I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room. 最终我回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。 end up as 最终成为 end up with 以结束(with 后的名词是事 情的最后一部分) end up in 在中结束(in 后的名词是指事情发展的结果) end up doing 最终做 end upadj./介词短语 最后 The boss ended up dead in a car accident. 那位老板最后在一次车祸中丧命。 At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 开始他拒绝承担任何责任，但最终还是道歉了。 The festival ended up with fireworks. 节日最后以燃放烟花结束。 Stop spending so fast，or you'll end up as a beggar. 不要挥金如土，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。 rely on 依靠，依赖；指望 (教材 P19)Friendship means having someone I can rely on. 友谊意味着拥有我可以依靠的人。 (1)rely on/upon sb.for help/one's own efforts 依靠某人的帮助/自己 的努力 rely on/upon sb.to do sth. 指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it that. 相信(事情) (2)reliable adj. 可靠的，可依赖的 These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. 现在，我们在很大程度上依靠电脑来安排我们的工作。 You can rely on it that he will come to help you. 你放心好了，他会来帮你的。 All of us think that he is a reliable(rely)man. 我们所有人都认为他是一个可靠的人。 名师点津 rely on 后面接 that 引导的宾语从句时，需要用 it 作形式宾语。 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的 (教材 P19)Friendship means being committed to others.友谊意味着对他人的忠 诚。 (1)be committed to致力于；献身于 (2)commit vt. 致力于，使承担义务；犯(罪，错)， 干 (坏事)；承诺，委托 commit a crime 犯罪 commit oneself to sth. 专心致志于；献身于 The doctor was committed to practical medicine. 那位医生致力于实用医学。 I have committed myself，and there is no way to draw back.我既然已做了保 证，就无法收回。 He has committed himself(he)to the cause of education.他已决心献身教育事 业。 mercy n宽恕；仁慈；怜悯；恩惠；幸运 (教材 P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy. 因为我是一个朋友，我必须学会耐心和宽容。 (1)have mercy on. 对表示怜悯 at the mercy of. 任由的摆布 show mercy to. 可怜，对表示同情 without mercy 无情地，毫不留情地 It's a mercy that. 真是幸运 (2)merciful adj. 仁慈的，幸运的 be merciful to. 对仁慈 He turned his back to his wife without mercy. 他无情地背弃了他的妻子。 Some people are born with the belief that they are masters of their own lives.Others feel they are at the mercy of fate.一些人生来就相信他们能掌控自己的 生活，另一些人则觉得他们受命运的摆布。 She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy on people who are in trouble. 她是个善良的女士，经常对陷入困境的人表示同情。 You need to be merciful(mercy)to your brother.He is just seven years old. 你要对你弟弟仁慈一点，他才七岁。 (教材 P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding. 当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下 要点提炼 本句是个复合句。句中 when asked 是 when 引导的时间状语从句 的省略句，补充完整为：When they are asked，.。 在从属连词(when，while，once 等)引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主 语一致或从句主语为 it，并且从句谓语中含有 be 动词时，从句主语和 be 动词可以 省略。 While in college，he lived a simple life. 在大学期间，他过着简单的生活。(从句可补充完整为 While he was in college，.) Even though invited，he will not go there. 即使受到邀请， 他也不去那儿。 (从句可补充完整为 Even though he is invited，. ) (2018·江苏高考·完形填空 )When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just 320 in the bank. 当离开家的时候，Raynor 和 Moth 刚好在银行有 320 英镑。 He stood up as if to say(say) something. 他站起来好像要说些什么。 (教 材 P18)We have to realize： boys share activities， while girls share feelings. 我们必须认识到：男孩共享活动，而女孩分享情感。 要点提炼 while 在句中作并列连词，连接两个分句，表示对比，意为“而， 然而” 。 while 作从属连词的用法： (1)引导时间状语从句，意为“当时” ； (2)引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管” ，相当于 although/though； (3)引导条件状语从句，意为“只要” 。 While there is life，there is hope. 有生命就有希望。 We must strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 (2018·浙江高考· 阅读理解 B)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. 虽然塑料袋看起来很难看，但它们在今天的垃圾中只占很小的比例。 (教材 P19)At first，I didn't mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad. 开始，我不介意自己一个人，但当我看到所有的游客都一起拍照时，我开始 感到伤心。 要 点 提 炼 本 句 是 b u t 连 接 的 并 列 句 。 b u t 后 的 h a v i n g t h e i r pictures taken 是 have sth.done 结构。 (1)have sth. done 的两种作用： 使某事被做(通常是让别人做) 遭遇某种不好的事情 (2)have 的其他结构 have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事 have sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事 (强调动作的持续性；用在否定句中表示不允许、不容忍某人做某事) You have had your hair cut! 你理发了！ He had his leg broken when climbing. 爬山时，他的腿摔断了。 She had her bag stolen(steal) 她的包被偷了。 The teacher can't have his students arriving(arrive) late all the time. 老师不允许他的学生总是迟到。 1(教材 P18)Though they get along well，there are some things about Amanda and her friends that puzzle Robert. 分析 该句为主从复合句，though 引导让步状语从句，主句中 that 引导定语 从句，修饰 things。 翻译 尽管他们相处融洽， 但阿曼达和她朋友的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困 惑。 2(教材 P19)When deciding what is most important in life，some people choose money，while others choose things like security and comfort. 分析 该句为主从复合句，when 引导时间状语从句，what 又在此从句中引 导宾语从句；主句为由 while 连接的并列句。 翻译 在判断什么是生活中最重要的东西时， 一些人选择钱而另一些人选择 安全和舒适等。 .单句语法填空 1You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time. 2The quick recovery was truly in response(respond)to medication. 3He says what he thinks，regardless of other people's feelings. 4I am going to join in what really interests me without hesitation(hesitate) 5A cake is made，and candles are put on top based(base)on how old the person is. 6Once you start the car，you must drive cautiously(cautious)to keep off any traffic accidents. 7It was a great successthanks to a lot of hard work. 8I believe that an active attitude towards/to life is important and we should fill our life with happiness and sunshine. 9 British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages，ending up with different words. 10On the present base and looking forward to the future，he decides to be committed to steel industry. .读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 A Vacation with My Mother I had an interesting childhood.It was filled with surprises and amusements，all because of my motherloving， sweet， yet absent­ minded and forgetful One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her. My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota，and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way.As the first day of our trip approached，David，my eight­year­old brother，and I unwillingly said good­bye to all of our friends.Who knew if we'd ever see them again？ Finally， the moment of our departure arrived， and we loaded suitcases， books， games， camping equipment，and a tent into the car and bravely drove off.We bravely drove off again two hours later after we'd returned home to get the purse and traveler's checks Mom had forgotten. David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept：“You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while I go，and I'll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.”I had terrible pictures in my mind： “Honey， where are the kids？” “What？！Oh， Gosh. I thought they were being awfully quiet.”We were never actually left behind in a strange city，but we weren't about to take any chances. On the fourth or fifth night，we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy.After driving in vain for some time，Mom suddenly got a great idea：Why didn't we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there？David and I became nervous.To our great relief， Dad turned down the idea.Mom never could understand our objections(反对)If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep， Mom would have been delighted.She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is.We finally found a vacancy in the next town. 注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1： The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had brought with us. Paragraph 2： We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights along the way. 参考范文 Paragraph 1： The next day we remembered the brand­new tent we had brought with us.Mom suggestedagainthat we should put it up somewhere beautiful so as to experience a memorable tripAt last，Dad agreed.However，David and I were still worried about it.T