1、非金禺单质（F2,C12,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si1,氧化性：F2+112=2HF2+Xe（i=eF22F2（过量+c=XcF4nF2+2M=2MFn（表示大局郃金属）2F2+2H2O=4H+O22F2+2NaoH=2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaC1.=2Na+CI2F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI=2Na+12F2+C12（等体积）=2QF3F2（ii）+CI2=2C1.37F2（过量）+12=2IF7C12+U2=21IC13CI2+2P=2PCI3C12+PC13=PC15CI2+2Na=2NaC1.3CI2+2c=2FcC13C12+2FeCI2=2FeC13
2、C12+Cu=CuC12C12+2NaI=2NaC1.+I25CI2+12+6H2O=2HIO3+IOHCIC12+Na2S=2NaC1.+SC12+H2S=2HCI+SC12+S(52+2H2O=H2SO4+21ICiC12+H2O2=2HCI+O2202+3Fc=Fc3O4O2+K=KO2S+H2=H2S2S+C=CS2S+Fc=FcSS+2Cu=Cu2S3S+2AI=I2S3S+Zn=ZnSN2+3H2=2NH3N2+3Mg=Mg3N2N2+3Ca=Ca3N2N2+3Ba=Ba3N2N2+6Na=2Na3NN2+6K=2K3NN2+6Rb=2Rb3NP2+6H2=4PH3p+3Na=Na
3、3P2P+3Zn=Zn3P22.史原性S+O2=SO2S+O2=SO2S+6HNO3俅）=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4I1.No3佛）=3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2=2NO4P+5O2=P4Q1X常写成P2Q5）2P+3X2=2PX3X表示F2,CI2,Br2）PX3+X2=PX5P4+20HO3（农）=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2QC+22=CF4C+2CI2=CC42C+O2（少量）=2CoC+O2（T）=CO2C+CO2=2COC+H2O=CO+H2（生成水燃气）2C+SiO2=Si+2CO（4=MgS()4+1.122A1+3C12=2A1C134A1+3O2=2
4、12O3械化4AI(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O=2(12O3.xH2O)+4Hg4A1+3MnO2=2A12O3+3Mn2A1.+Cr2O3=1.2O3+2Cr2A1.+Fc2O3=12(53+2Fc2A1.+3FeO=AI2O3+3Fe2A1+6HCI=2A1C3+3H221+3H2SO4=I2(SO4)3+3H22A1+61I2S()4()=I2(SO4)3+5S(52+6H2O（M,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化）AI+4HNO(稀)=.M(NO3)3+NQ+2U2()2A1.+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaIO2+3H22c+3Br2=2FcBr3Fe+I2=FeI2c+S=F
5、cS3Fe+4H2Og=Fe3O4+4H2c+2HC1.=FcC12+H2Fe+CuCI2=FeCI2+Cuc+SnC14=FcC12+SnC12件欠在酸性环境下,不能把四嬴化甥完全女原为单质锡Fc+SnC12=cC1.2+Sn)三，非金属氮化物(HF,HCI,H2O,H2S,NH3)1,复原性：4HC)(.)+MnO2=MnCI2+CI2+2H2O41IC1.)+()2=2Ci2+2U2()16HCI+2KMnO4=2KC1.+2MnCI2+5CI2+8H2O141+K2Cr2O7=2K+2C!C13+3C12+7H2O2H2O+2F2=4HF+O22H2S+3O2(足量)=2SO2+2H2
6、Q2H2S+O2(少量)=2S+2H2O2U2S+S()2=3S+2112()H2S+H2SO4(浓)=S+SO2+2H2O3H2S+2HNQ(稀)=3S+2NO+411205H2S+2KMn4+3H2S4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O31.1.2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2S()4=Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7II2()H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=Na2S(*+6NaOH2NH3+3CuO=3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3C12=N2+6HCI8N113+3C12=N2+6NII4C14NH3+3O2(炖构=2N2+6H2O4N113+5()2=4NO+61120
7、4NH3+6NO=5N2+6HO(用氨去除No)Na1.1.+H2O=NaOH+U24NaH+TiC14=Ti+4NaCI+2H2CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2H2S+Fe=FeS+H22NI1.3+2Na=2NaNI12+112(NaNH2+H2O=NaOH+NH3)4,不想定性：2HF=H2+F221C1=H2+Ci22H2O=2H2+O22U2O2=2H2O+O2H2S=H2+S2NH3=N2+3II2四，非金属氧化物低价态的发原性：2SO2+O2=2SO32SO2+O2+2H2Q=2H2S()4这起SO2在大气中线慢发生的环境化学反响S()2+CI2+2II2()=1.I2
8、S()4+2IIC1.SO2+Br2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HBrS()2+I2+2112()=II2S(54+2IIISO2+NO2=SO3+NO2NO+O2=2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2用于制硝酸工业中吸收尾气中的N。和NO22CO+O2=2CO2CO+Cu()=Cu+CO23CO+Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO2CO+H2O=CO2+H2氧化注：SO2+2H2S=3S+21.120SO3+2KI=K2SO3+I2NO2+2KI+H2()=NO+12+2K()II不能用淀粉K1.溶液要别淡蒸气和NO2J4NO2+112S=4N()+S()3+112()2NO2+Cu=4Cu
9、O+N2Co2+2Mg=2MgO+C(CO2不能用于扑灭由Mg,Ca,BatNa,K等燃烧的火灾)SiO2+2H2=Si+2H2OSiO2+2Mg=2MgO+Si五,金属氧化物I,低价态的复原性：6Fc2=1ICI+U2O+O2（氧化性:HaoHCQ2HQO3HQO4,但浓,热的HCIO4我化性很曲）2H2SO4（浓）+C=CO2+2SO2+2H2O2112SO4（1）+S=3S（）2+2112（）H2SO4+Fe（I）室温下钝化6112SO4（浓）+2FC=Fc2（S（M）3+3SQ2+6H2Q2H2SO4（i）+Cu=CuSO4+SO2+2H2OH2SO4（浓）+2HBr=SO2+Br2+
10、2H2QH2SO4（浓）+2HI=SO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4（稀）+Fc=FcSO4+H22H2SO3+2H2S=3S+2H2O4HNO3（浓）+C=CO2+4NO2+2H2O6HNO3（农）+S=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O51INO3()+P=II3PO4+5NO2+112()6HNO3+Fe=Fc(NO3)3+3NO2+3H2O4HNO3+Fc=c(NO3)3+NO+2H2()30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O36HNo3+1Oc=1.OFC(NQ3)3+3N2+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O2,复原性：H
11、2SO3+X2+H2O=H2SO4+2HX(X点示CI2,Br2,I2)2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4II2S(3+1.I2(2=1.12S()4+112()5H2S03+2KMn04=2MnS04+K2S04+2H2S04+3H20II2S(53+2FcC13+1.I2()=I1.2S()4+2cC12+21.IC1.七，碱低价友的发原性：4Fe(OFC2+O2+2H2O=4FeOH)3与酸，洼物质的作用：2NaOH+SO2少量)=Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2足量=NaHSO32NaOH+SiO2=NaSiO3+H2O2NaO1.1.+AI2O3=2NaA1.O2+U2O2NaOH
12、C12=NaCI+NaC1.O+H2ONaOH+HCI=NaCI+H2ONaOH+H2S足量)=NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S少量=Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+ICI3=1.(OH)3+3NaQNaOH+AiOH3=NaK)2+21.120A1CI3和A1.(OH)3哪个酸性强？NaO1.I+NH4C1.=NaCi+NM3+1.120MgCOH：2+2NH4C1.=MgCI2+2NH3.H2OA1.(OH)3+NH4C1不溶解八,盆1,氧化性:2FeC13+Fe=3FcCI22cCB+Cu=2FcC12+CuC12(用于雕刻铜残路版)2cC13+Zn=2cC12+ZnC12FeC3+Ag=FcQ2+AK:Fc2(SO4)3+2Ag=FcSQ4+Ag2SQ4(较难反响)Fe(No3)3+Ag不反响2cCB+U2S=2cCI2+21IC1+S2FeC13+2KI=2FeC12+2KCI+I2FcC12+Mg=FcMg22.复原性:2cC12+C12=2FcCI33Na2S+8HNO3(株)=6NaNO3+2No+3S+4H2O3Na2SQ3+21INO5(/)=3Na2SO4+2NO+H2O2Na2SO3+O2=2Na2S4
