1、PDIECSRD63417:2025GuidanceandplantodevelopsmartenergyontologiesbsiNationalforewordThisBritishStandardistheUKimplementationofIECSRD63417:2025.TheUKparticipationinitspreparationwasentrustedtoTechnicalCommitteeL13,SmartEnergySystemscoordinationgroup.Alistoforganizationsrepresentedonthiscommitteecanbeob
2、tainedonrequesttoitscommitteemanager.ContractualandlegalconsiderationsThispublicationhasbeenpreparedingoodfaith,howevernorepresentation,warranty,assuranceorundertaking(expressorimplied)isorwillbemade,andnoresponsibilityorliabilityisorwillbeacceptedbyBSIinrelationtotheadequacy,accuracy,completenessor
3、reasonablenessofthispublication.Allandanysuchresponsibilityandliabilityisexpresslydisclaimedtothefullextentpermittedbythelaw.Thispublicationisprovidedasis,andistobeusedattherecipientsownrisk.Therecipientisadvisedtoconsiderseekingprofessionalguidancewithrespecttoitsuseofthispublication.Thispublicatio
4、nisnotintendedtoconstituteacontract.Usersareresponsibleforitscorrectapplication.ThispublicationisnottoberegardedasaBritishStandard.TheBritishStandardsInstitution2025PublishedbyBSIStandardsLimited2025ISBN9780539197501ICS29.020CompliancewithaPublishedDocumentcannotconferimmunityfromlegalobligations.Th
5、isBritishStandardwaspublishedundertheauthorityoftheStandardsPolicyandStrategyCommitteeon30June2025.Amendments/corrigendaissuedsincepublicationDateTextaffectedIECSRD63417Edition1.02025-06SYSTEMSREFERENCEDELIVERABLE(US90ROeNcrsOm-ICS29.020ISBN978-2-8327-0488-2THISPUBLICATIONISCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDCopyrig
6、ht2025IEC,Geneva5SwitzerlandAllrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromeitherIECorIECsmemberNationalCommitteeinthecountryoftherequester.Ifyouha
7、veanyquestionsaboutIECcopyrightorhaveanenquiryaboutobtainingadditionalrightstothispublication,pleasecontacttheaddressbeloworyourlocalIECmemberNationalCommitteeforfurtherinformation.IECSecretariatTel.:+412291902113,ruedeVarembeinfoiec.chwww.iec.chCH-1211Geneva20SwitzerlandAbouttheIECTheInternationalE
8、lectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)istheleadingglobalorganizationthatpreparesandpublishesInternationalStandardsforallelectrical,electronicandrelatedtechnologies.AboutIECpublicationsThetechnicalcontentofIECpublicationsiskeptunderconstantreviewbytheIEC.Pleasemakesurethatyouhavethelatestedition,acorrigendum
9、oranamendmentmighthavebeenpublished.IECpublicationssearch-webstore.iec.ch/advsearchformTheadvancedsearchenablestofindIECpublicationsbyavarietyofcriteria(referencenumber,text,technicalcommittee,.).Italsogivesinformationonprojects,replacedandwithdrawnpublications.IECJustPublished-webstore.iec.ch/justp
10、ublishedStayuptodateonallnewIECpublications.JustPublisheddetailsallnewpublicationsreleased.Availableonlineandonceamonthbyemail.IECCustomerServiceCentre-webstore.iec.ch/cscIfyouwishtogiveusyourfeedbackonthispublicationorneedfurtherassistance,pleasecontacttheCustomerServiceCentre:salesiec.ch.IECProduc
11、ts&ServicesPortal-products.iec.chDiscoverourpowerfulsearchengineandreadfreelyallthepublicationspreviews,graphicalsymbolsandtheglossary.Withasubscriptionyouwillalwayshaveaccesstouptodatecontenttailoredtoyourneeds.Electropedia-www.electropedia.orgTheworldsleadingonlinedictionaryonelectrotechnology,con
12、tainingmorethan22500terminologicalentriesinEnglishandFrench,withequivalenttermsin25additionallanguages.AlsoknownastheInternationalElectrotechnicalVocabulary(IEV)online.Warning!Makesurethatyouobtainedthispublicationfromanauthorizeddistributor.CONTENTSFOREWORD4INTRODUCTION61 Scope82 Normativereference
13、s83 Termsanddefinitions84 Stateofartonexistingontologiesandtheirstructureandarchitecture94.1 General94.2 Keyconceptsonsemanticinteroperabilityandontologies114.2.1 Definitionandkeyconceptsinontologies114.2.2 Definitionandkeyconceptsinsemanticinteroperability124.2.3 Structureofanontology144.2.4 Ontolo
14、gy-basedreasoning154.3 Languagesusedwithinontology164.3.1 General164.3.2 RDF/RDFS164.3.3 OWL/RDFS-Plus164.3.4 SHACL174.3.5 SPARQL174.3.6 XKOS174.3.7 SKOS-referece174.3.8 DCAT174.3.9 TheReifiedRequirementsOntology174.3.10 Schema.org184.3.11 Articulationoflanguagesinsemanticthroughthesemanticweblayerc
15、ake194.4 Landscapeofongoingontologyworkinsmartenergydomain194.4.1 General194.4.2 SAREF4ENER204.4.3 IECCommonInformationModel(CIM)234.4.4 MicrosoftEnergyGridOntologyforDigitalTwins234.4.5 IECInterfaceReferenceModel(IRM)244.4.6 Smartenergydomainontology(SARGON)254.4.7 SEPAsSmartGridOntology264.4.8 Int
16、erconnectontologies274.5 Relevantworkonontologiesincross-domainswithsmartenergy284.5.1 LOV4loT-EnergyOntologyCatalog284.5.2 OpenADR294.5.3 QUDT294.5.4 GeoSPARQL294.5.5 W3CSSN304.5.6 TheOrganizationOntology304.5.7 BRIDGE304.6 Smartenergydatamodelskeyforsemanticinteroperability314.6.1 IECCommonDataDic
17、tionary(CDD)314.6.2 IEC61850324.6.3 DLMS/COSEM334.6.4 Matter344.6.5 KNX354.7 Graphicalrepresentationandvisualizationofontologies374.8 Futuretrends375 Smartenergycross-domainusecasesinvolvingontology385.1 CommonGridmodel,ENTSO-E-CGMES385.1.1 Usecasesdescription385.1.2 Useoftheontology385.1.3 Benefitt
18、oimplementit395.2 Illustrationonenergymanagementinbuildings395.2.1 Usecasesdescription395.2.2 Useoftheontology395.2.3 Benefittoimplementit405.3 Illustrationinelectromobility405.3.1 Usecasesdescription405.3.2 Useoftheontology415.3.3 Benefitofimplementingit425.4 Interconnect425.4.1 Usecasesdescription
19、425.4.2 Useoftheontology435.4.3 Benefitofimplementingit446 Proposalforasmartenergyontologyframework446.1 Smartenergyontologyframework446.1.1 General446.1.2 Requirements456.1.3 Processesonvalidationorevaluationofanontology466.1.4 Governancerequirements466.2 Guidanceandbestpracticestobuildsuchaframewo
20、rk476.2.1 General476.2.2 Ontologicalrequirementsspecification486.2.3 Ontologyimplementation496.2.4 Ontologypublication496.2.5 Ontologymaintenance497 ConclusionandrecommendationforstandardizationworkonsmartenergyontologyintheIEC49Bibliography51Figure 1 -Fourlayersofinteroperability13Figure 2 -Linksbe
21、tweeninteroperabilitylayers14Figure 3 -Ontologylanguageslayercake16Figure 4 -RROillustrationofarequirement18Figure 5 -Semanticweblayercake19Figure 6 -Smartenergymaindatamodelsandrelatedontologies20Figure 7 -OverviewoftheSAREFontology21Figure 8 -OverviewoftheSAREF4ENERontology22Figure 9 -IECstandardi
22、zedInterfaceReferenceModel24Figure 10 -Smartenergydomainontology(SARGON)networkstructure26Figure 11 -SEPAprojectontologyoverview27Figure 12 -OntologyCatalogforEnergy28Figure 13 -GeoSPARQLvocabulary29Figure 14 -EuropeanenergydataexchangereferencearchitectureDERA3.031Figure 15 -DLMSmaindatamodels34Fig
23、ure 16 -HBESelements36Figure 17 -MainKIMsource36Figure 18 -MainKIMontologyclasses37Figure 19 -CIM-CGMESusageillustration38Figure 20 -Energyinbuildingsscenariowithsemanticinteroperabilityproblems39Figure 21 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedwithoutusingSENontology40Figure 22 -Semanticinteroperab
24、ilityproblemssolvedusingSEN40Figure 23 -Electromobilityscenariowithsemanticinteroperabilityproblems41Figure 24 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedwithoutusingSEN41Figure 25 -SemanticinteroperabilityproblemssolvedusingSEN42Figure 26 -InterconnectontologiesextendingSAREFontologies43Figure 27 -Subs
25、etoftheSAREF-CompIiantsensordictionaryappliedtoenergy44Figure 28 -LOTBasemethodologyworkflow48Figure 29 -FIESTAIoTontologyfederation50Table1-Ontologybestpractices:checklistsummary46INTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONGuidanceandplantodevelopsmartenergyontologiesFOREWORD1) TheInternationalElectrot
26、echnicalCommission(IEC)isaworldwideorganizationforstandardizationcomprisingallnationalelectrotechnicalcommittees(IECNationalCommittees).TheobjectofIECistopromoteinternationalco-operationonallquestionsconcerningstandardizationintheelectricalandelectronicfields.Tothisendandinadditiontootheractivities,
27、IECpublishesInternationalStandards,TechnicalSpecifications,TechnicalReports,PubliclyAvailableSpecifications(PAS)andGuides(hereafterreferredtoasIECPubIication(三).Theirpreparationisentrustedtotechnicalcommittees;anyIECNationalCommitteeinterestedinthesubjectdealtwithmayparticipateinthispreparatorywork.
28、International,governmentalandnon-governmentalorganizationsliaisingwiththeIECalsoparticipateinthispreparation.IECcollaboratescloselywiththeInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)inaccordancewithconditionsdeterminedbyagreementbetweenthetwoorganizations.2) TheformaldecisionsoragreementsofIECon
29、technicalmattersexpress,asnearlyaspossible,aninternationalconsensusofopinionontherelevantsubjectssinceeachtechnicalcommitteehasrepresentationfromallinterestedIECNationalCommittees.3) IECPublicationshavetheformofrecommendationsforinternationaluseandareacceptedbyIECNationalCommitteesinthatsense.Whilea
30、llreasonableeffortsaremadetoensurethatthetechnicalcontentofIECPublicationsisaccurate,IECcannotbeheldresponsibleforthewayinwhichtheyareusedorforanymisinterpretationbyanyenduser.4) Inordertopromoteinternationaluniformity,IECNationalCommitteesundertaketoapplyIECPublicationstransparentlytothemaximumexte
31、ntpossibleintheirnationalandregionalpublications.AnydivergencebetweenanyIECPublicationandthecorrespondingnationalorregionalpublicationshallbeclearlyindicatedinthelatter.5) IECitselfdoesnotprovideanyattestationofconformity.Independentcertificationbodiesprovideconformityassessmentservicesand,insomeare
32、as,accesstoIECmarksofconformity.IECisnotresponsibleforanyservicescarriedoutbyindependentcertificationbodies.6) Allusersshouldensurethattheyhavethelatesteditionofthispublication.7) NoliabilityshallattachtoIECoritsdirectors,employees,servantsoragentsincludingindividualexpertsandmembersofitstechnicalco
33、mmitteesandIECNationalCommitteesforanypersonalinjury,propertydamageorotherdamageofanynaturewhatsoever,whetherdirectorindirect,orforcosts(includinglegalfees)andexpensesarisingoutofthepublication,useof,orrelianceupon,thisIECPublicationoranyotherIECPublications.8) AttentionisdrawntotheNormativereferenc
34、escitedinthispublication.Useofthereferencedpublicationsisindispensableforthecorrectapplicationofthispublication.9) IECdrawsattentiontothepossibilitythattheimplementationofthisdocumentmayinvolvetheuseof（八）patent(三).IECtakesnopositionconcerningtheevidence,validityorapplicabilityofanyclaimedpatentright
35、sinrespectthereof.Asofthedateofpublicationofthisdocument,IEChadnotreceivednoticeof（八）patent(三)jwhichmayberequiredtoimplementthisdocument.However,implementersarecautionedthatthismaynotrepresentthelatestinformation,whichmaybeobtainedfromthepatentdatabaseavailableathttps:/patents.iec.ch.IECshallnotbehe
36、ldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.IEC63417hasbeenpreparedbyIECsystemscommitteeSmartEnergy.ItisaSystemsReferenceDeliverable(SRD).ThetextofthisSystemsReferenceDeliverableisbasedonthefollowingdocuments:DraftReportonvotingSyCSmartEnergy289DTSSyCSmartEnergy295RVDTSFullinformationonthevo
37、tingforitsapprovalcanbefoundinthereportonvotingindicatedintheabovetable.ThelanguageusedforthedevelopmentofthisSystemsReferenceDeliverableisEnglish.ThisdocumentwasdraftedinaccordancewithISO/IECDirectives,Part2,anddevelopedinaccordancewithISO/IECDirectives,Part1andISO/IECDirectives,IECSupplement5avail
38、ableatwww.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs.ThemaindocumenttypesdevelopedbyIECaredescribedingreaterdetailatwww.iec.ch/publications.ThecommitteehasdecidedthatthecontentsofthisdocumentW川remainunchangeduntilthestabilitydateindicatedontheIECwebsiteunderwebstore.iec.chinthedatarelatedtothespecificdocument.A
39、tthisdate,thedocumentwillbe reconfirmed, withdrawn,or revised.INTRODUCTIONThesmartenergyandsmartgriddomainshaveundergonetremendouschangeasaresultofdifferentworkonenergygrids,markets,andservicesmodelizationanddataexchanges.Informationandknowledgeonthisdomainarenowsharedinbroad,publicandstandardizedmo
40、dels.Asaresult,thechallengeofknowledgerepresentationandsharingisevenmoreprominent.Anyusersuchassoftwareagents,intelligentdevices,artificialintelligence,edgecomputingcapabilitiesorpeople,isliabletouse,create,andexchangeinformationinlarge-scaleecosystemswithavarietydatamodels,exchangeprotocolsandinfor
41、mationmodellingstandards.Toaddressthischallenge,thesmartenergycommunityislookingintolanguagesandframeworksforensuringinteroperabilityattheknowledgelevelbetweenseveralecosystemsofusers.Thesemanticwebanditsrecenttechnologicaladvancementforcharacterizingandpreservingknowledgeonthewebasanarchitectureofc
42、omputer-interpretablestructuredinformationisaninspirationtodoso.Semanticwebtechnologyisusedtocreateknowledgedomainsandgeneratesmeaningfromahierarchyofdataclassification.Itisanexpansionofthecurrentwebinwhichknowledgeisgivenaclearandunambiguousmeaningviaontologies.Becausetheygivestructuredvocabularies
43、aformalspecificationofsharedconcepts,ontologiesarecrucialforachievinginteroperabilityinlargedomainssuchassmartenergyinvolvingseveralecosystemsworkingondifferentstandardsanddatamodelsforexchanginginformation.Ontologieshelptosolvetheissuescausedbysemanticheterogeneitybyofferingacommonunderstandingofap
44、articularareaofinterest.However5matchingontologiescontinuetobethebiggestobstacletodataintegrationandinteroperability.Ontologiescanbeusedtoaddressinteroperabilityproblemsattheapplicationlevel;asaresult,ontologieshavebeenutilizedtoexpressthecapabilitiesoftheservices.Ontologies5whichspecifythesemantics
45、ofthesymbolicrepresentationsemployedincommunication,similarlyenhanceuserinteraction.Asubstantialemphasisisplacedontheworkandtechnologydevelopmentinsemanticweblanguages,sensorsandcomputing,graphs,andmodels,andlinkingandintegrationapproaches.TheInternetofThings5semanticwebservices,ontologymapping,buil
46、dinginformationmodelling,bioinformatics,education,ande-learning,andsemanticweblanguagesarethemaindomainsofdevelopmentofthesemanticwebandinteroperabilityfield.Smartenergybusinessesfunctioninginamore-and-moredigitalenvironmenttodayneedmoreautomation,interoperability,anddatagovernanceintheirday-to-dayo
47、perations.Whilethesemanticwebandinteroperabilityresearchhaveattractedalotofinterestandmademajorimprovements,therearefewworksavailablethataddressthoseconceptsforthewholesmartenergydomain.Thisdocumentsgoalistoexaminethisknowledgegapbyreviewingandanalysingtheexistingontologyandsemanticinteroperabilityworkinthedomainandproposeaframeworkandbestpracticeforfuturestandardizationworkinthedomain.Sonumerousontologiesarebeingdevelopedtoprovidesemanticinteroperabilitysolutionstomanydomains.FromdomesticIoTtoindustry,chemistry,biotechnol
