1、金陂科技学院毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目：ECoIogiCaIPIaCOiOgintheUrbanIandSCaPedesign学生姓名：XXX学号：.XXXXXXXXXX专业：园林所在学院：园艺学院指导教师：XX职称：M2013年3月15日Abstract:Thisarticlediscussestheurbanlandscapefromtherelationofthefollowingthreeconcepts:thelandscape,thecityandtheecology.Thispapermainlydiscusseshowthelandscapeinfluences
2、thecity,slivingenvironment.Thelandscapeisastigmaintheland,whichisoftherelationshipbetweenhumanandhuman,betweenmanandnature.Thereexistssomesubtlerelationshipamonglandscape,cityandhumanizeddesign.摘要:本文从景观、城市、生态三个概念之间的相互联系来论诉城市景观。本文中着重论述了景观对城市居住环境的影响。景观是人与人、人与自然关系在大地上的烙印。景观、城市、生态以及人性化的设计理念之间存在着微妙而复杂的联系
3、1) CityandTheLandscapeOverviewofLandscapeDesign1.andscapedesign,first,isapeoplesthinkingactivity,performedasanartactivity.Diversifiedthoughtsformedcomplexdiverselandscapeartstyle.Contemporarylandscapedesignapparentlyseeisthediversityofthelandscapeforms,infactitsessenceistokeeptheclosinguptothenatu
4、ralordersystem,reflectedthemorerespectforhumanbeings,morein-depthperspectiveofthenatureofhumansrealityandneed,nottotrytoconquerthenature.itisnotevenimitatingnatural,butproduceasenseofbelonging.Landscapeisnotonlyaphenomenonbutthehumanvisualscene.Sotheearliestlandscapeimplicationsisactuallycityscene.L
5、andscapedesignandcreationisactuallytobuildthecity.(2) TheRelationshipBetweenLandscapeandUrbanCityisaproductofhumansocial,economicandculturaldevelopment,andthemostcomplextype.Itisvulnerabletotheartificialandnaturalenvironmentalconditionsofinterference.Inrecentdecades,withworldwidetheaccelerationofurb
6、anization,theurbanpopulationintensive,heavytraffic,resourceshortage,environmentpollutionandecologydeteriorationhasbecomethefocusofattentionofthehumansociety.Inthecurrentenvironmentconditioninourcountry,theproblemisveryserious,andinsomeurbanareas,thepollutionhasquiteserious,andgreatlyinfluencedandres
7、trictsthesustainabledevelopmentofthecity.1.andscapeistherelationshipbetweenmanandman,manandnature.Thisis,infact,akindofhumanlivingprocess.Livingprocessisactuallywiththepowersofnatureandtheinteractionprocess,inordertoobtainharmoniousprocess.Thelandscapeistheresultofhumanlifeinordertosurviveandtoadapt
8、thenatural.Atthesametime,thelivingprocessisalsoaprocessofestablishningharmoniouscoexistence.Therefore,asacolonylandscape,itisastigmaoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.IIthecitylandscapeplanninganddesign(1) citylandscapeelementsTheurbanlandscapeelementsincludenaturallandscapeandartificiallandscape.
9、Amongthem,thenaturallandscapeismainlyreferstothenaturalscenery,suchassizehills,ancientandfamoustrees,stone,rivers,lakes,oceans,etc.Artificiallandscapearethemainculturalrelics,culturalsite,thebotanicalgardenafforestation,artsketch,tradefairs,buildstructure,square,etc.Theselandscapeelementsmustofferal
10、otofexamplesforcreatinghighqualityoftheurbanspaceenvironment.Butforauniqueurbanlandscape,youmustputallsortsoflandscapeelementsinthesystemorganization,andcreateanorderlyspaceform.(2)theurbanlandscapeintheplanningThecityisanorganicwhole,whichiscomposedwithmaterial,economy,culture,andsociety.Toimprovet
11、heurbanenvironmentisacommonvoice.Thekeyoftheurbanlandscapedesignistostrengthenurbandesignideas,strengthenurbandesignwork,andblendurbandesignthoughtintothestagesofurbanplanning.Theoverallurbanplanninginthecitylandscapeplanningisnottoabandonthetraditionalgarden,greenspaceplanning,buttheextensionanddev
12、elopmentofit.Botharenoconflict,butalsocannotbeequal.Inlandscapeplanningofcityplanning,weshouldfirstanalysistheurbanlandscaperesourcesstructure,fullyexploitlandscapeelementswhichcanreflectthecharacteristicsofurban.Considercarefullyfortheformationofthesystemofurbanlandscape.Illecologicalplanningandurb
13、anlandscape(1)therelationshipofurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanningLandscapeecologyisanewlyemergedcrossdiscipline,themainresearchspacepatternandecologicalprocessesofinteraction,itsthemeistheforkthegeographyandecology.It,swiththewholelandscapeastheobject,throughthematerialflow,energyflowandinformation
14、flowingthesurfaceoftheearthandvalueintransmissionandexchange,throughthebiologicalandthebiologicalandtheinteractionbetweenhumanandtransformation,theecologicalsystemprincipleandsystemresearchmethodsoflandscapestructureandfunction,thedynamicchangeoflandscapehasinteractionmechanism,theresearchofthelands
15、capepattern,optimizingthestructure,beautifythereasonableuseandtheprotection,haveverystrongpracticability.Urbanecologicalsystemisanatural,economicandsocialcompositeartificialecosystem,itincludinglifesystem,environmentsystem,withacomplexmulti-levelstructure,canbeindifferentapproachesofhumanactivityand
16、themutualrelationshipbetweenthecityandinfluence.Urbanenvironmentplanningguidanceandcoordinationasamacrodepartmentinterests,optimizingtheallocationoflandresourcescity,reasonableurbanspaceenvironmentorganizationtheimportantstrategicdeployment,musthaveecologicalconcept.Onlytohavetheecologicalview,togui
17、detheconstructionofthecityinthefuturetoecologicalcitygoal,toestablishtheharmoniouslivingenvironment.Inrecentyears,landscapeplanninginurbanlandscapefeaturesprotectionandurbanenvironmentdesigniswideused.landscapeinthelivingenvironmentofecologicaleffect1.andscapeasaunitoflandbydifferentinlaidwithobviou
18、svisualcharacteristicsofthegeographicentities,withtheeconomic,ecologicalandaestheticvalue,themultiplevaluejudgmentislandscapeplanningandmanagementfoundation.Landscapeplanninganddesignalwaysistocreateapleasantlandscapeasthecenter.Theappropriatehumannaturecanunderstandthelandscapeformoresuitableforhum
19、ansurvival,reflectecologicalcivilizationlivingenvironment,includinglandscape,buildingeconomy,prudentsexecologicalstability,environmentalcleanliness,spacecrowdedindex,landscapebeautifuldegreeofcontent,thecurrentmanyplacesforresidentialareaofgreen,static,beauty,Annsrequirementisthepopularexpression.La
20、ndscapealsopaidspecialattentiontothespatialrelationshiplandscapeelements,suchasshapeandsize,densityandcapacity,links,andpartition,locationandofsequence,astheircontentofmaterialandnaturalresourcesasimportantasquality.Astheurbanlandscapeplanningshouldpayattentiontoarrangethecityspacepattern,therelativ
21、econcentrationoftheopenspace,theconstructionspacetodensityalternatewith;Inartificialenvironmentappearedtonature;Increasethevisuallandscapediversity;ProtecttheenvironmentMinGanOuandtopromotegreenspacesystemconstruction.(2) theurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanninganddesignofthefusionofeachother.Thecityl
22、andscapeandecologicalplanningdesignreflectshumananewdream,itisaccompaniedbyindustrializationandafterthearrivaloftheeraofindustrialandincreasinglyclear.Naturalandcultural,designoftheenvironmentandlifeenvironment,beautifulformandecologicalfunctionsofrealcomprehensivefusion,thelandscapeisnolongerasingl
23、ecityofspecificland,butlettheablation,tothousands;Itwillletnatureparticipateindesign;Letthenaturalprocesswitheveryoneaccordingtodailylife;Letpeopletoperception,experienceandcarethenaturalprocessandnaturaldesign.(3) thecitylandscapeecologicalplanningthehumanizeddesign1.itiswiththepersonthisdesignthou
24、ghtContemporarylandscapeinmeetpurposeatthesametime,morein-depthperspectiveonhumanofthenatureofrealityandneeds.Firstperformanceforciviliandesigndirection,applicationofnaturalorganicmaterialsandelasticcurveformrichhumanlifespace.Nextisthebarrier-freedesign,namelynoobstacle,notdangerousthing,nomanipula
25、tionofthebarrierdesign.Nowtherehavebeentheelderly,thedisabled,fromtheperspectiveofthesocialtendency,barrier-freedesignideasbegantogainpopularity,atthesametimefordisadvantagedpeopletocarryonthedesignalsoishumannaturedesigntooveralldepthdirectiondevelopmenttrend.,Itiswiththepersonthistheservicethought
26、sstillbehaveinspecialattentiontoplantofbrightcolor,smellgoodplant,payattentiontoZuoJutextureandtheintensityofthelight.Thedetailprocessingofconsideratemoreexpressionoftheconcern,suchastheonlysteptoshopoftencausedvisualignoredandcausestaggered,inordertoavoidthiskindofcircumstancehappening,contemporary
27、landscapesitesdonotbeallowedunder3steps;Andassomeresidentialareaandsquareinthebushsetmoppool,convenientthedistrictshygieneandwastewaterrecyclingwater.Itiswiththepersonthis1theservicethoughtsinmanywaysshowed,themeasureofthestandardishumanlove.1.1humanlandscapedesignconceptishumanlandscapedesignistopo
28、inttoinlandscapedesignactivity,payattentiontohumanneeds,inviewoftheusertotheenvironmentofthelandscapeofaneedtospreaddesign,whichsatisfiedtheuserphysiologicalandpsychological,physicalandmentalmulti-levelneeds,embodiesthepeople-orienteddesignthought.Urbanpublicspacehumanlandscapedesign,fromthefollowin
29、gfouraspectstounderstand:1.1.1physicallevelofcare.Humanlandscapedesignwithfunctionalandtherationalityofdesignintopremisecondition,payattentiontothephysicalspacereasonablelayoutandeffectiveuseofthefunction.Publicspacedesignshouldnotonlymakepeople,spsychologyandphysiologyfeelcomfortable,stillshouldcon
30、figurationoffacilitiestomeetpeople,scomplexactivitiesdemand1.Thelevelofcaringheart1.2Daniel.Inconstructionmaterialformofthespaceatthesametime,thepositivepsychologyadvocateforuserswiththeattentionthatemotion,andthenmakethepersonplacetoformthesecurity,fieldfeelingandbelonging.1.1.3clubwilllevelofcare.
31、Emphasizestheconcernofhumansurvivalenvironment,thedesignintheareaunderthebackgroundofurbanecologicaloverallplanninganddesign,tomaketheresources,energyrationallyandeffectivelyusing,toachievethenatural,socialandeconomicbenefitsoftheunityofthethree.1.1.4toacrowdofsegmentationclosecare.Advocatebarrier-f
32、reedesign,andtrytomeettheneedsofdifferentpeopleuse,andtoensurethatthegroupofmutualinfluencebetweenactivities,letchildren,oldpeople,disabledpeoplecanenjoyoutdoorpublicthefunoflife.1. 2andhumanlandscapedesignrelatedenvironmentalbehaviorknowledgetheenvironmentbehaviorishumanlandscapedesign,themainresea
33、rchfield,payattentiontotheenvironmentandpeoplesexplicitbehaviorandtherelationshipbetweentheinteraction,triedtousethepsychologyofthesomebasictheory,methodsresearchersinthecityandarchitectureinactivitiesandtotheenvironmentoftheresponse,andthefeedbacktheinformationcanbeusedtoguidetheenvironmentconstruc
34、tionandrenovation.WesternpsychologistdirkDEJoantoputforwardtheboundaryeffecttheory.Hepointsoutthattheedgeofspaceispeopleliketostayarea,alsoisthespaceofthegrowthoftheactivityarea3.Liketheurbanspace,themarginofthewood,downthestreet,andtherainattheawning,awnings,corridorconstructionsunkenplace,ispeople
35、liketheplacetostay.Attheedgeofspace,andotherpeopleororganizationstodistancethemselvesareisbetterabletoobservethespaceoftheeyesandnottobedisturbed.Manseethnisthepersonsnature.Alargepublicspaceareexistingthemanseeth,phenomenon:theviewerconsciouslyorunconsciouslyobservation,inthespaceinfrontoftheallact
36、ivities.Atthesametime,someofthepeoplewithstrongperformancedesire,inpublicspaceinvariousactivitiestoattracttheattentionofothers,soastoachieveself-fulfillmentcheerful.Theseeminglysimplemanseethphenomenon,butcanpromotespacemoreactivitiesproduction.Forexample,forawalkofpedestriansmaybebusystreetperforma
37、nceandtojointheranksoftheshowattracts,withthestrangebecausetheaudienceisthesightoftheactivitiesofthewonderfulandshortconversation,artloversoftheinfectionbyenvironmentalatmospherebegantosketchactivities.Environmentaldesign,accordingtoenvironmentalbehaviorrelatedknowledge,activelycreateboundaryspacepr
38、ovidepeoplestay,rest,theplaceoftalkingtofacilitatemorespaceActivitiesofgeneration,therichvisitorssensoryexperiences2. ThedesignofthesustainabledevelopmentSustainabledevelopmentprinciple,itistheecologypointofview,tothecitysystemanalysis,andwiththeminimumtheminimalresourceconsumptiontosatisfytherequir
39、ementsofthehuman,andmaintaintheharmonyofhumanandthenaturalenvironment,guaranteethecityseveralcompositionsystem-toprotectnaturalevolutionprocessofopenspacesystemandtheurbandevelopmentsystembalance.Peoplearetolandscapeunderstandingofthecontemporarylandscapedesignandthefunctiontoreflect,havebeencomplet
40、elyoutofthetraditionalgardeningactivities,theconceptoflandscapeartvalueunconsciouslyandecologicalvalue,thefunctionvalue,culturalvaluehappenedrelationship,landscapeartcategorythanbeforemorepointedtothehumaniscloselylinkedwiththevariousaspects,becomemoreprofoundandscience.Contemporarylandscapealsoacti
41、velyusenewtechnologytoimprovetheecologicalvalue.Suchastheuseofsolarenergyforsquaregarden,lightingandsoundboxequipmentsupplyelectricity;Thesurfacewatercycledesignconcept,collectingrainwaterforirrigationandwaterscapeprovidesthemainresources;Usingtheprincipleoftheconstructionofthefootway,buoysthatenvir
42、onmentalprotectionlevelakissandinteresting.Andbyusingwaterscenedrought,landscapewaterdoecology(ecologicalwetland),ecologicalXiGou,halfnaturalchangelandscapehumanizedwaterscapedesign,avoidthemanualwatersceneisthedifficultyofthelater-periodmanagement,butinthewatersincethenet,purifyingenvironmentandpro
43、motebiodiversityplayahugerole.Therefore,toexperiencethelandscapewillsurelyiscontainedtonatureandthetradition,tohumancompatibility.Theurbanlandscapetheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentandimplementationdetails:2.1 theefficiencyoflanduseprincipleforlandtothesurvivalofhumansisoneofthemosteffectiveresou
44、rces,especiallyinChinaslargepopulation,landresourcesareextremelydeficient,urbanizationrapidlyincreasebackground,thereasonableefficientuseofland,isthatWeshouldconsideranimportantissue.Forthecitylandscapeisconcerned,howtoproductiveuseoftheland?Three-dimensionalisefficientlanduseisthemosteffectivemeans
45、Theurbanlandscapethree-dimensionaltotakeideascontainsthefollowingsixaspectsofmeaning.(1)inthelimitedonland,asmuchaspossibletoprovideactivityplaces,formthethree-dimensionalmulti-layeractivitiesplatformlandscapeenvironment.(2)improveafforestationlanduseefficiency,inthesameland,adoptappropriatetoniche
46、by,shrubsandtreesofco-existenceandco-prosperitybetweenthree-dimensionalplantinglayout.(3)tosolvethegoodman,forthecontradictioningreen,thegreenspaceandhumanactivityspacelayoutoftheinterchanges.(4)theupanddownorso,allsidesthree-dimensionalviewobservation,increasedthelandscapeenvironmentthevisualimageo
47、fthevisualrate.(5)fromthestaticlandscapetodynamiclandscape.6notonlyfromthetraditionaltechnologyofmodemtechnologytointroducemore(suchascrossingbridge,lightrail,electricrail,etc),showacolorfulthree-dimensionalspace.2.2 energyefficiencyprinciplealongwiththerapiddevelopmentofurbanization,China,senergyde
48、mandismoreandmorebig,theenergygapalsomoreandmorebig.Inrecentyears,Chinasmajorcitieshaveputforwardthelightuproject,thepublicarealightingconsumptioninthegreatpower.Forenergyefficiencyintheunderstanding,firstfromtheconsiderationontheenergysavingshouldbenotonly,andshouldstandinthehigheroftheenvironmenta
49、lprotectionhightoknow,meaningthatmoreextensive,andmorefar-reaching,(formorethan70%ofgeneratingcapacityinChinaatpresentstillbycoal,existforSO2,CO2andnitricoxideandotherharmfulgasemissionsandcoaldustemissionsandaseriesofenvironmentalproblems)2.3 plantwithanecologicalprinciplecitysystem,thegreenspacesystemisperfectornotofthecity,senvironmentalqualityplaysavitalrole.Perfectgreenspacesystem,toimprovethecitymicroclimateplaysanimportantrole,itcanrisetoimprovesmallregionaltempe
