1、2016年12月英语四级真题（卷二）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinajointventure.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleas
2、t120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Part II ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefou
3、rchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A.Tosatisfythecuriosityoftourists.B.Toreplacetwooldstonebridges.C. ToenabletouriststovisitGoatIsland.D. Toimproveutilityservicesinthestate.2.A.C
4、ountlesstreelimbs.B.Afewskeletons.C. Lotsofwreckedboatsandships.D. Millionsofcoinsonthebottom.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A.ItsuspendeddiplomaticrelationswithLibya.B. IturgedtouriststoleaveTunisiaimmediately.C. ItshutdowntwobordercrossingswithLibya.D. Itlaunchedafierceat
5、tackagainstIslamicState.4. A.AdviseTunisianciviliansonhowtotakesafetyprecautions.B. Trackdowntheorganizationresponsiblefortheterroristattack.C. TrainqualifiedsecuritypersonnelfortheTunisiangovernment.D. DeviseamonitoringsystemontheTunisianborderwithLibya.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhaveju
6、stheard.5. A.Anenvironment-friendlybattery.B. Anenergy-savingmobilephone.C. Aplant-poweredmobilephonecharger.D. Adevicetohelpplantsabsorbsunlight.6. A.Whilesittingintheirschooscourtyard.B. Whileplayinggamesontheirphones.C. Whilesolvingamathematicalproblem.D. Whiledoingachemicalexperiment.7. A.Itincr
7、easestheapplicationsofmobilephones.8. Itspeedsuptheprocessofphotosynthesis.9. Itimprovesthereceptionofmobilephones.10. Itcollectstheenergyreleasedbyplants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandtheque
8、stionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A.HevisitedtheworkshopsintheGrimsbyplant.B. Hecalledthewo
9、manandleftheramessage.C. Heusedstand-insasreplacementsonalllines.D. Heaskedatechniciantofixthebrokenproductionline.9.A.Itisthemostmodemproductionline.B.Itassemblessuper-intelligentrobots.C.Ithasstoppedworkingcompletely.D.Itisgoingtobeupgradedsoon.10.A.Toseekherpermission.B.Toplaceanorderforrobots.C.
10、Torequesthertoreturnatonce.D.ToaskforTom,sphonenumber.11.A.Sheisonduty.B.Sheishavingherdayoff.C.Sheisonsickleave.D.Sheisabroadonbusiness.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Hesavedababyboy,slife.B.Hewantedtobeasuperhero.C.Hepreventedatraincrash.D.Hewasawitnesstoanaccident.1
11、3.A.Hehasa9-month-oldboy.B.Heiscurrentlyunemployed.C.Heenjoystheinterview.D.Hecommutesbysubway.14.A.Arockonthetracks.B.Amisplacedpushchair.C.Astrongwind.D.Aspeedingcar.15.A.Shestoodmotionlessinshock.B.Shecriedbitterly.C.Shecalledthepoliceatonce.SectionCD.Sheshoutedforhelp.Directions:Inthissection,yo
12、uwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18
13、arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.B. Shelovedtheice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.C. Shestartedanice-creambusinesstofinanceherdaughter,seducation.D.Shewantedtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.17. A.Topreserveatradition.C.
14、Tohelplocaleducation.18. A.Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.C. Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.B.Toamuseherdaughter.D. Tomakesomeextramoney.B.Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.D.Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A.Thereasonsforimposingtaxes
15、C.Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.20. A.Educatingandtrainingcitizens.C.Protectingpeople,slifeandproperty.21. A.Byaskingfordonations.C. Bysellinggovernmentbonds.B.Thevariousservicesmoneycanbuy.D. Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodemworld.B.Improvingpublictransportation.D.Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibrar
16、ies.B.Bysellingpubliclands.D.Byexploitingnaturalresources.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A.ItislocatedatthecenteroftheEuropeancontinent.B. Itreliesontourismasitschiefsourceofrevenues.C. Itcontainslessthanasquaremileofland.D. ItissurroundedbyFranceonthreesides.23. A.Itsbeauty
17、isfrequentlymentionedinAmericanmedia.B. ItsrulerPrinceRainiermarriedanAmericanactress.C. ItiswheremanyAmericanmoviesareshot.D. ItisafavoriteplaceAmericansliketovisit.B.Potatoes.D.Clothing.B.Europeangeography.D.TouristattractionsinEurope.(40minutes)24. A.Tobacco.C.Machinery.25. A.Europeanhistory.C.Sm
18、allcountriesinEurope.Part11IReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.
19、PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That,stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth,soceansIloW26heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.A
20、roundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto27tocoralbleaching（珊瑚白化）andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea28Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto29Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoce
21、antemperaturedatainordertogetabetter30ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury31ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,32withcomputersimulations（计算机模j%）,createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,i
22、ncludingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel33About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata34ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey,re35whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea,ssurface.A.absorbB.CombinedC.ContributeD.depthE.emis
23、sionsF.excursionG.exploreH.floorI.heightsJ.indifferentK.levelsL.mixedM.pictureN.unsureO.voyageSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmayc
24、hooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKidsA) IfirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivationandhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacksasapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.Animale
25、xperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange-astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.B) PeoplecanIeamtobehelpless,too.Whyd
26、osomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople,sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C) Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.When
27、Itoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicated
28、thatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.D) Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneralclassesoflearners-helplessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent11theories11ofintelligence
29、Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceisafixedcharacteristic:youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat,sthat.Icallthisa11fixedmind-set（思维模式）.”Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattributeerrorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallengesbecausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.The
30、mastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducationandhardwork.Suchchildrenbelievechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating（令人生畏）；theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsuchagrowthmind-setweredestined（注定）forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequitelik
31、elytooutperformtheircounterparts.E) WevalidatedtheseexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwootherpsychologistsandImonitored373studentsfortwoyearsduringthetransitiontojuniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultandthegradingmorestrict,todeterminehowtheirmind-setsmightaffecttheirmathgrades.Atthebeginningofseve
32、nthgrade,weassessedthestudents1mind-setsbyaskingthemtoagreeordisagreewithstatementssuchasnYourintelligenceissomethingverybasicaboutyouthatyoucan,treallychange,11Wethenassessedtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspectsoflearningandlookedtoseewhathappenedtotheirgrades.F) Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setf
33、eltthatlearningwasamoreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkinhighregard.Theyunderstoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbyasetbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidtheywouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixedmind-set
34、however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardforlearning.Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasignoflowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedtoworkhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewithafixedmind-setsaidthattheywo
35、uldstudylessinthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheatingonfuturetests.G) Suchdifferentoutlookshadadramaticimpactonperformance.Atthestartofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswithagrowthmind-setwerecomparabletothoseofstudentswhodisplayedafixedmind-set.Butastheworkbeca
36、memoredifficult,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterpersistence.Asaresult,theirmathgradesovertookthoseoftheotherstudentsbytheendofthefirstsemesterandthegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtowidenduringthetwoyearswefollowedthem.H) Afixedmind-setcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressintheworkplaceand
37、discourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.Researchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-setarelesslikelytoseekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswithagrowthmind-set.I) Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-settoourchildren?Onewayisbytellingstoriesaboutachievementsthatresultfromhardwork.Forin
38、stance,talkingaboutmathematicalgeniuseswhoweremoreorlessbomthatwayputsstudentsinafixedmind-set,butdescriptionsofgreatmathematicianswhofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazingskillsproduceagrowthmind-set.J) Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyprovidingexplicitinstructionregardingthemindasalear
39、ningmachine.Idesignedaneight-sessionworkshopfor91studentswhosemathgradesweredecliningintheirfirstyearofjuniorhigh.Forty-eightofthestudentsreceivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendedacombinationofstudyskillssessionsandclassesinwhichtheylearnedaboutthegrowthmindsetandhowtoapplyittosc
40、hoolwork.Inthegrowthmind-setclasses,studentsreadanddiscussedanarticleentitlednYouCanGrowYourBrain,11Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuseandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrownewconnections.Fromsuchinstruction,manystudentsbegantoseethemselvesasagentsoftheirownbraindevelopment.
41、Despitebeingunawarethatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificantmotivationalchangesin27%ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-setworkshopascomparedwithonly9%ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.K) ResearchisconvergingC匚聚)ontheconclusionthatgreataccomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsof
42、passionanddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.36. Theauthor,sexperimentshowsthatstudentswithafixedmind-setbelievehavingtoworkhardisanindicationoflowability.37. Focusingoneffortiseffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercomefrustrationandachievesuccess.38. Wecancultivateagrowthmind-setinchildre
43、nbytellingsuccessstoriesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.39. Students*beliefaboutthecauseoftheirfailureexplainstheirattitudetowardsetbacks.40. Intheauthor*sexperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterperseveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.41. Theauthorconductedanexperimenttofindouta
44、bouttheinfluenceofstudents*mind-setsonmathlearning.42. Afterfailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.43. Informingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagoodstrategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.44. Peoplewithafixedmind-setbelievethatone,sintelligenceisunchangeable.45. Intheworkplace,feed
45、backmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswithafixedmind-set.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.AndD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelineth
46、roughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,11economistAdamSmithoncewrote/arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation.11Twoandahaftcentur
47、ieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico,staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxedd
48、rinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.
