新标准大学英语综合教程1课后答案及语法.doc

Unit oneActive reading 2Dealing with unfamiliar words4. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box1. detect 2. admirable 3. subways 4. inadequate 5. scribbling 6. persecution5. Answer the questions about the expressions1.(a) delighted 2.(a) need to be developed with careful thinking 3.(a) at a time in the future 4.(b) to make someone extremely afraid and nervousLanguage in usewith / without1 Match the uses of with / without with their definitions.1 (a)2 (b)3 (a)4 (c)5 (c)6 (d)2 Rewrite the sentences using with / without .1 Her tutor moves his head from side to side. Her tutor spills his coffee into the saucer.With his head moving from side to side, her tutor spills his coffee into the saucer.2 “Splendid,” he says. He doesnt wait for an answer.“Splendid,” he says, without waiting for an answer.3 Frank McCourt speaks in class. He has an Irish accent.Frank McCourt speaks in class with an Irish accent.4 He plans to go on the subway. He has the books covered in purple and white NYU jackets.He plans to go on the subway with the books covered in purple and white NYU jacket.5 Hes only allowed to take two courses. He isnt told why.Hes only allowed to take two courses, without being told why.6 He would like to ask a question. He doesnt like to raise his hand.He would like to ask a question without raising his hand.Collocations3 Read the explanations of the words and phrases. Answer the questions.1. climb (a) Because the room is very small.(b) You would climb into bed if you are so tired that it feels like a huge effort.(c) You would probably need to bend over, and crawl through the hole.2 spill (a)spilt coffee all over your desk You have accidently knocked over a cup/mug and the coffee has gone (uncontrolled) all over the desk. (b)toys spilled out all over the carpetThe toys were in a container, such as a box; either the box is too full so some toys are falling out onto the carpet, or the box has been tipped over so most of the toys have fallen out of the box.(c)crowds were spilling out of the bars and restaurantsMany people are leaving the bars and restaurants all at once, probably because they are closing for the night. 3. join (a) join a bandWhen they can play a musical instrument and want to play with others.(b) join the unemployed You have lost your job and become unemployed (c) join in You do the same activity that most other people are doing.4 burst into (a) burst into tears The writer suddenly started crying.(b) bursts into bloom Flowers, when they suddenly emerge from buds. (c) burst into flames. Put out the flames immediately if you can, or keep well clear and call the emergency services (fire brigade)5 clean (a) a clean licence This refers to a driving licence. It means that you have been driving safely or at least you have no penalty points on the licence -a person gets such points as a punishment after breaking the law on the roads eg speeding or causing an accident, and the licence then has a note on it (its not “clean”) and the police have a record.(b) clean language You avoid using swear words or other examples of bad language.(c) a clean bill of health Here this phrase is used metaphorically and means something is working properly, for example, a car might have “a clean bill of health” after a check or test it is working correctly. 6 easy (a) easy-going An easy-going person behaves, in a relaxed, calm manner with others and is happy to accept things without getting worried or angry.(b) easy on the eye A person who is easy on the eye is pleasant to look at in appearance and in the way they dress.(c) easier said than done When something is easier said than done, it is easy to talk about, but difficult to achieve.(d) take it easy When they tell you to “Take it easy” they can mean either of two things: You should rest and not do things that will make you tired, or you should keep calm, being less upset or angry.4. Complete the sentence using the collocations in Activity 31 spill out of 2 burst into tears 3 clean language 4 easier 5 climb through 6 spilt 7 join in 8 burst into bloom 9 clean licence 10 easy on the eye5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1. Finally, with my mother red in the face and short of breath, we find Room 8, I unlock the door, and we all walk in.（ 介词 with 表示状态，不必直译。）等我们终于找到8号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸，上气不接下气。我打开门锁，我们都走了进去。2. She impresses me, and I feel so ignorant that I shouldnt even breathe the same air as her.她给我留下了深刻的印象，我觉得自己太无知了，甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。3. I dont know why I have to be introduced to literature but the woman in the admissions office says its a requirement even though Ive read Dostoyevsky and Melville and thats admirable for someone without a high school education.（ 翻译时将 be introduced to literature 变成主动语态更通顺。） 我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。可是招生办公室的那位女士说这门课是必修课，即使我读过陀思妥也夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说也得选，一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人敬佩，但这门课是必修课。4. Im in heaven and the first thing to do is buy the required textbooks, cover them with the purple and white NYU book jackets so that people in the subway will look at me admiringly.（ I am in heaven 不能直译成“我上了天堂”，这句话应意译。）我乐得飘飘然了，第一件事就是去买所需要的课本，然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来，这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。5. Then the professor tells us ideas dont drop fully formed from the skies, that the Pilgrims were, in the long run, children of the Reformation with an accompanying world view and their attitudes to children were so informed.（ 注意两个 children 的翻译，第一个需意译。）接着，教授告诉我们，观念并不是从天而降的现成品。从长远看，清教徒是宗教改革运动的产物，他们继承了宗教改革运动的世界观，并且他们对孩子的态度体现了宗教改革运动的思想。6 Translate the sentences into English1 他们对业余剧社的介绍给苏菲留下了深刻的印象，于是她就报了名。(Amateur Dramatics; sign up for)Their introduction of Amateur Dramatics impressed Sophie so much that she signed up for it.2 网络教育为全职人员提供了利用业余时间接受继续教育的机会。(work full-time)Online education provides those who work full-time with opportunities to receive further education in their spare time.3 刚上大学时，他不知道是否需要把老师讲的内容一字不落地都记下来。(be supposed to do; scribble down)When he first arrived at university, he was not sure whether he was supposed to scribble down every word out of the professors mouth.4 没人觉察出他隐藏在笑容背后的绝望。(detect)Nobody detects his despair well hidden behind his smile.5 有些学生能轻松自如地与陌生人交谈，可有些学生却很难做到这一点。(be easy about)Some students are easy about talking with strangers, while some others find it hard to do so.Unit 2Language in use1 Rewrite the sentences.1 The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean. You get excellent seafood from theAtlantic Ocean.The restaurant was in a French seaside resort by the Atlantic Ocean, where you get excellent sea food.2 My father had decided to take me for lunch to a restaurant. He wanted me to try my first oyster.My father, who wanted me to try my first oyster had decided to take me for lunch to a restaurant.3 The oyster was unlike anything I have ever tasted before or since. It was slippery.The oyster, which was slippery, was unlike anything I have ever tasted before or since.4 Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao. Theobroma cacao means “foodof the gods”.Chocolate is made from the beans of the cacao tree, Theobroma cacao, which means “food of the gods”.5 The worlds best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, didnt appear until the end of the 19th century. Milk chocolate is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate.The worlds best-selling type of chocolate, milk chocolate, which is sweeter and smoother than dark chocolate, didnt appear until the end of the 19th century.6 Daniel Peter perfected the process of making milk chocolate. He was Swiss.Daniel Peter, who was Swiss, perfected the process of making milk chocolate.2 Rewrite the sentences.1 . all sorts of shellfish which were clinging onto each other . all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other .2 . a battery of implements which were used to crack the shells . a battery of implements used to crack and crush the shells .3 a process which was first tried in 1825. a process first tried in 1825.4 Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk which is sold in cans.Condensed milk is a thick, sweet milk sold in cans.5 Hormones are a chemical substance which is produced by your body.Hormones are a chemical substance produced by your body.word formation3 Form new words with the following words and the prefixes/suffixes in the table.non-: non-fiction non-smoker non-stop-aholic: alcoholic， shopaholic， workaholic-sick: airsick， carsick，seasick-ful: helpful， spoonful4 Answer the questions with the words you formed in Activity 3.Whats the word for .1 . how you feel if sea makes you ill? (seasick)2 . someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)3 . what something is if it allows you to achieve something? (helpful)4 . a flight which goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop)5 someone who doesnt smoke? (non-smoker)6 . writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt.外面，天空是灰色的，海面上刮来一阵强风。天气看起来和我的心情一样阴郁。2 “Now, stop complaining, try one oyster for me, then you can have something nice and easy to eat, maybe some prawns with bread and butter,” he suggested, striking a note of compromise for the first time during the whole meal. “好啦，别抱怨了，就给我尝一只牡蛎，然后你就可以吃些好吃的、顺口的东西，比如黄油、面包 加对虾。”他提议说。吃了这么长时间的饭，他的话里头一次有了妥协的意思。3 But with the clear conception which only a ten-year-old boy can have, I still understood that the compromise included eating that oyster, sitting on the side of my fathers plate. 但是，尽管清晰地感觉到了他的妥协只有一个十岁的男孩才有这样的感觉，我仍然明白这妥协 包含着吃掉那只牡蛎，那只放在我父亲的盘子边上的牡蛎。4 The chocolate sets into bars which will easily snap into pieces and then melt in the mouth.（添加了可可油后）巧克力凝固成易折断的条块，入口即化。5 But what accounts for its amazing popularity or even the properties that have made millions of people confess to being chocaholics? 但是，是什么原因使得巧克力出奇地畅销？又是什么造成了巧克力的上瘾特性，致使无数人承认自 己是巧克力瘾君子呢？6 Translate the sentences into English.1 他们这儿不卖薯条，如果你想吃，得去肯德基或麦当劳。(serve)They dont serve French fries here. If you want it, you have to go to a KFC or McDonalds.2 他拣起一个核桃，想用锤子把它砸开，可没想到却把它砸烂了。(crack; crush)He picked up a walnut and tried to crack it with a hammer, but instead he crushed it.3 由于雨后道路又湿又滑，今天早上路上行车比较缓慢。(slippery)As the roads are wet and slippery after the rain, the traffic is rather slow this morning.4 当金子加热融化后，他们把金水倒进模子，铸成金条。(melt; mould)When the gold was heated and melted, they poured it into a mould to form a gold bar.5 他承认是他打破了教室的窗玻璃。(admit to)He admitted to breaking the window of the classroom.5 令我们欣喜的是，新的经济计划开始对经济发展产生积极影响。(haveeffect on)To our delight, the new economic policy is beginning to have a positive effect on the economy.Unit ThreeActive Reading (2)5 Complete the passage with the words in Activity 4.Writing an essay requires a number of special skills. One of these is to (1) transfer information from different sources into a single, short document. Another is to present an argument which is (2) logical and easy to understand. And, of course, to be (3) effective an essay should be properly planned and researched. Luckily, the Internet can help you with this research. Most students these days (4) integrate their own reading of a subject with Internet searches.But it is not easy to use the Internet. You should always be (5) critical of what you find and not just use the first web page. A quick search of the Web for a particular topic may (6) generate thousands of hits, but you must be able to (7) identify the information you need. You should be able to (8) recall where you found it too, because it is important to refer to your sources of information. And finally, you need to be (9) creative because an essay should be an original piece of work.Language in usemuch1 Match the sentences with the uses of much .I dont think much of that.(b)I much prefer people do as theyre told. (c)Hardly anyone has been encouraged, much less trained, to think for themselves (a)2 Rewrite the sentences using not think much of.1 I didnt think that lesson was very good.I didnt think much of that lesson.2 None of us like the timetable weve been given for this term.None of us think much of the timetable weve been given for this term.3 Im afraid Ive got strong doubts about what Ive written.Im afraid I dont think much of what Ive written.4 Our professor is always criticizing this book.Our professor doesnt think much of this book.5 I dont like the theme of this weeks essay.I dont think much of the theme of this weeks essay.6 I dont agree with Honey and Mumfords ideas about learning types.I dont think much of Honey and Mumfords ideas about learning types.3 Rewrite the sentences adding much in the correct place.1 Id rather work in the library than in my room.Id much rather work in the library than in my room.2 Li would rather work with a friend than on her own.Li would much rather work with a friend than on her own.3 Personally I prefer taking notes to being given photocopies.Personally I much prefer taking notes to being given photocopies. 4 Some people would rather start writing straight away than spend a lot of time reading.Some people would much rather start writing straight away than spend a lot of time reading.Now write two more sentences about your own study preferences. Use much rather and much prefer.1I would much rather listen to lectures than read the lecture notes.2I would much prefer asking questions after class to asking questions in class.4 Rewrite the sentences using much less .1 I cant even say two words in Chinese, so I definitely cant speak the language.I cant even say two words in Chinese, much less speak the language.2 Basic study skills are often not taught here, and certainly not practised.Basic study skills are often not taught here, much less practised.3 Nobody has even started the essay, let alone finished it.Nobody has even started the essay, much less finished it.4 Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, and so of course they didnt understand him.Hardly anyone in the room heard what the lecturer was saying, much less understand him.5 I havent got a PC in my room, so obviously I havent got an Internet connection.I havent got a PC in my room, much less an Internet connection.6 I didnt dare say anything after the lesson, let alone criticize what he said.I didnt