沪教版九年级上册unit-one--unit-eight知识点及语法.pdf

Unit 1 Wise men in history(1) 第一课基础知识点 一、必记单词 golden adj. 金的；金色的Olympics n. pl.奥运会 agreement n. 同意；应允pot n. 罐 doubt v. 不能肯定；对没把握real adj. 真的；正宗的 truth n. 真相；实情seem v. 好像；似乎 solve v. 解决；处理fill v. 装满；注满 bowl n. 碗；盆brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 metal n. 金属certain adj. 确定的；肯定的 prison n. 监狱；牢狱hit v. (hit，hit)( 用手或器具 )击；打 correct adj. 准确无误的；正确的mistake n. 错误 less det.（与不可数名词连用）较少的；更少的 二、常考短语 in ancient Greece 在古希腊 (be) happy with （对某人或事物）满意的= be pleased/satisfied with fill with 用把装满think about = consider 考虑；思考 be filled with=be full of 充满；装满run over 溢出 go straight to “直奔，直接去”each other 互相；彼此 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物one the other一个另一个 send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱tell the truth 说实话 make sure 确保；设法保证something else 别的东西 both and 和都pay attention to (to 为介词） leave sb alone 不打扰某人；不惊动某人（ leave me alone） notany longer=no longer send sth to sb-=send sb.sth 把某物寄 /送给某人 be made of +看得见的原材料由制成cut up 切割开；切碎 be made from +看不见的原材料由制成take off 领走；带走；使离开 be made by + sb. 被某人制成at the beginning of 在的开头 三、常用句型： 1.asas one can 尽可能，相当于as as possible 2.hit sb. in/on + the +身体部位，打某人的某个部位（身体部位较硬或凸起，用on；部位较软或下凹，用in） 3.one of the+adj最高级 +可数名词复数最的之一 4.try to do sth. 试图做某事，尽力做某事5.it is believed that 6. be （not）allowed to do sth （不）被允许做某事 7.get to do sth 让/使做某事8.start to do sth 开始做某事 四、 辨析 1.辨析： win 与 beat Win （ won,wo n） 及物动词宾语表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等名词He won the argument. 不及物动词意为“获胜”Who won?he won. Beat(beat, beaten) 及物动词意为“击败”宾语为比赛或竞争对象 China beat the United States by two to one. 不及物动词意为“（风雨）等拍打；（心脏）跳动”I felt my heart beating faster. 2.辨析： else与 other else 副词用于不定代词（anything,something,nothing 等）、疑问词（what，who,where） 后 other 形容词或代词做形容词时， 放在名词前作定语；作代词时， 常与定冠词the 连用， 构成 one the other，表示（两者中）一个另外一个 Eg:who else will go with us? Where are the other students? I have two pens,one is red,and the other is blue. 3.辨析： discover 与 invent 这两个词都用作及物动词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不同。 Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。 Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 4.辨析： at first 与 first of all At first I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind. 起初我不想去，可是不久我改变了主意。 First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance. 首先，打开窗子，然后关掉煤气，如果需要，叫一辆救护车。 5.辨析： however 与 but discover 发现指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西 invent 发明指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西 at first 起初；当初 相当于 at the beginning ，与后来发生的事相对照，其反义词组为at last（最后， 终于） first of all 首先，第一 相当于 first，表示顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接next，then 等 二者都有“然而，但是”的意思，其区别如下： however 然而；不 过 比较正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或后面要用逗号隔开，如在句 中，其前后都要加逗号。 but 但是转折的意味比however 要强，从语序上看，but 总是置于引出的分句之首。 It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field. 雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。 I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。 6.辨析： real 与 true 7辨析： be made of与 be made from 【中考链接 】 Books are made paper while paper is mainly made_ wood. A. of;of B. from;from C. of;from D. from;of 8.辨析： not any longer/no longer 与 not any more/no more not any longer/no longer: 多指时间上不再延续，与之搭配的词多为延续性动词。 not any more/no more 侧重程度或在数量上不再增加 I don t want to stay here any more. The poor boy won t come any more./the poor boy will no more come. 9.辨析： see sb doing sth与 see sb do sth see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事I saw her cross the road.(穿过了马路） see sb do sth 看到某人做了某事，指看到动作发生的 全过程或看到动作经常发生 I saw her crossing the road(正在过马路） 与此相同的词（组） ：watch,hear,notice,observe,look at,listen to 10.辨析 ：the next day 与 next day the next day 第二天，常与一般过去式连用The next day,all the books were sold out. next day 明天，常与一般将来时连用Next day,I will go shopping with him. 11. 辨析： dress ，wear,put on,have on 与 in real 强调客观存在，并非想象的或虚构的，即某物外表 与实质之间有一致性 Christmas Father isn't a real person. 圣诞老人不是真实的人物。 true 强调事实与实际情况相符，并非杜撰、捏造的，符 合一定标准、一定模式 Is it true that he is dead? 他死了，是真的吗？ be made of 看得出原材料The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是由木头做成的 be made from 看不出原材料The wine is made from grain. 这酒是用粮食酿造的。 dress 给（某人）穿衣服表动作后接 sb./oneself 作宾语 she dressed himself quickly. wear 穿着表状态后接衣服、首饰、鞋帽等名词we wear uniforms at school. put on 穿上表动作后接衣服 ,鞋帽等名词please put on your hat. have on 穿着表状态接衣服类名词， 宾语是代词时， 放中间，不用进行时I have on a pair of jeans today. in 穿着表状态后接表颜色或衣服的名词he s always in green shoes. 助记： 穿戴动作 put on，状态 wear 已穿上 ;dress接人作宾语 ,in 后颜色或衣裳 12.辨析： used to do sth,be used to do sth, 与 be used to doing sth Used to do sth.过去常常做某事I used to be afraid of the dark. Be used to do sth被用来做某事The room is used to have a meeting be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事You will soon be/get used to living in the city. 13.辨析： through over across Through 穿过；通过指从空间内部穿过The train passed through a tunnel. over 越过物体上方跨过，无接触面He jumped over the wall. across 穿过；横过物体表面的一边到另一边We went across the road. 14.辨析： find find out look for find 强调“是否找到”这一结果Have you found your bjike? Find out （找出，查明）经过一番努力找到事情的真相let's find out when the plane will take off Look for 后接寻找的对象，强调寻找这一过程The girl is looking for her book. 解析： 1. At first, he was very happy with it. be happy with sb./sth 意为“对某人或事物满意的”， =be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth His teacher is happy with him. 他的老师对他很满意。 She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。 2. Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown. (1) begin to do sth.意为“开始做某事” ，同义词组为begin doing sth. 。 When can I begin to work? 我什么时候能开始工作呢？ When I got there,the singer had already begun singing. 当我到那儿时，歌手已经开始唱歌了。 (2) doubt 此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对无把握”。 He doubts the truth of the news. 他怀疑那件新闻的真实性。 I don't doubt that she'll come. 她一定来，我不怀疑。 【拓展 】 doubt 用作不及物动词，意为“怀疑”，其后常接of,about。 She doubts about everything. 她对一切都怀疑。 He doubts of his success. 他怀疑他能否成功。 doubt 后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether 引导，名词从句也可用that 引导。 I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言。 I don't doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的 做名词，意为“怀疑”，固定短语： be in doubt “不肯定，不确定” No doubt 无疑，很可能”without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问，的确 3.“ Is it made completely of gold? ”he wondered. wonder 想知道，相当于want to know 后接疑问词引导的宾语从句，从句使用陈述语序。I wonder who she is. 后接 if/whether 引导的宾语从句，表示委婉的请求或疑问。 I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 后接“疑问词+不定式”结构I am just wondering how to do it. 拓展 ： wonder 做动词，还可意为“感到惊异”，可与 at/about 连用I don t wonder at his words. Wonder 作为可数名词，意为“奇迹；奇观” 4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do?”thought Archimedes. （1）seem用作连系动词， 意为“似乎， 好像” ， 后常接形容词作表语，可以和 seem to be和 It seems/seemed that 相互转换。 He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好像非常生气。 用作实意动词，可接to do sth He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。 （2）solve vt solution n the solution(s) to , 意为的解决办法 5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. fill with 意为“用把装满”，其被动语态形式为be filled with ，相当于be full of 6. weigh “称重量；重”其名词形式为weight Please weigh the bananas for me. / she weighs 60 kilos./it s about 76kilos in weight. Some gold of the same weight the sameas 与相同的（） I bought the same car as yours./ this bowl is the same as that one. 7. so I'm certain that it's not completely made of gold. certain 用作形容词，意为“确定的，肯定的”。 常用结构： be certain+从句一定 I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。 be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事 He is certain to finish the task on time. 他肯定会按时完成任务。 be certain of/about sth. 对确信，有把握 We're certain of success. 我们有把握成功。 be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事 He is certain of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。 8. send sb to prison/take sb to prison“把关进监狱”in prison 坐牢，服刑 9. go ahead 开始吧其主要用法 表示同意或允许，意为“说吧，做吧，进行吧” 继续吧Go ahead,we are all listening. 表示请对方先走或先做某事，意为“你先走一步；你先请” You go ahead and tell him that we re coming soon. 10. What's wrong with it? What's wrong (with sb. /sth)? 是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么 毛病 /故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同义句型为：What's the matte/trouble with.? What's wrong with you? 你怎么了（出什么事了）? 11. That's why I'm angry. That's why. 意为“那就是的原因”，why 引导的是表语从句，用陈述语序。 表语从句是在句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be,look 等的后面。 The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school 12. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事allow doing sth 允许做某事 He allows smoking here. 他允许在这里抽烟our teacher allowed us to go out for a walk. 13. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run. watch sb. do sth 意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”，表示看见动作发生、进行 的全过程。其中do 为省略 to 的不定式，作宾语补足语。 I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚才我看到她从房间里出来了。 【拓展 】和 watch 用法相同的动词（组）还有see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at 等。 Did you hear Jack call you? 你听见杰克叫你了吗？（动作结束） We often hear the girl sing English songs. 我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。（动作经常发生） I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily. 注意： Watch sb. doing sth. 意为“看某人正在做某事”，表示看见动作正在进行。其中doing 为现在分词，作宾语 补足语。He stopped to watch us working. 他停下来看我们干活。 下大雨的时候我听见狂风呼啸。（动作正在进行） 14. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct. (1) make sure 意为“确保，设法保证”，后可接宾语从句或of 短语。同义短语：be sure/be certain Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。 They scored another goal and make sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。 (2) correct 此处用作形容词(=right) ，意为“正确的” ，其副词为correctly( 正确地 )。 【拓展 】correct 用作动词，意为“改正；纠正”correct the mistakes 改正错误 12. write what kind of mistake it is mistake 用作可数名词，意为“错误”，常用短语： make a mistake /mistakes 犯错； by mistake 错误地You've made several grammatical mistakes in the composition. I got on the wrong bus by mistake. 我搭错了公共汽车。 【拓展 】mistake（ mistook,mistaken ）还可用作动词，意为“弄错，搞错”。 常用短语： mistake for “把误认为” She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said. 她说话不是很清楚，所以我误解了她的意思。 He is often mistaken for a famous actor. / we often mistake him for a famous actor. 他常常被误认为是个名演员。 13. However, no one could find a scale large enough. enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。 He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。It's warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。 adv/adj+enough+（ for+名词 /代词 +）to do sth.，意为“足够做某事”。可与“ sothat+肯定句”进行同义 句转换。 The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。 “ not+adj/adv+enough to so sth”不够不能做某事，可与“tooto do sth”进行同义句转换the boy is not old enough to look after himself=the boy is too young to look after himself. 14. be taken off 是 take off 的被动语态，take off意为“领走；带走；使离开” 15. go down 的主要用法（船等）下沉，沉没 their ship went down during an accident. （日，月）落下 the sun has gone down. 沿着走 just go straight down that street. 16. own vt 拥有 adj.自己的 my own pen owner 物主 the owner of 的主人 enough作形容词修饰名词时，可放在其前，也可放在其后。 We have enough money.(=We have money enough.) 我们有足够的钱。 注意