2019届高三英语二轮复习书面表达专项练习14概要写作二.pdf

1 概要写作二 1、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 While numerous studies have looked at how individual habits may extend or shorten a person's life, far fewer have tried to quantify the benefits of practicing a number of healthy habits together, especially for people who begin only later in life. This was the focus of a 2007 study published in The American Journal of Medicine. The trial examined whether newly adopting a healthy lifestyle in middle age could still produce significant benefits, in terms of lower risk of heart disease. A group of 15,792 older men and women living in four different communities in the United States were tracked from 1987 to 1998. Aged 45 to 64 years, the subjects were examined for their weight,height,dietary intake,smoking habits and exercise. The researchers noted they did not include moderate alcohol consumption, because the study aimed to assess the effect of adopting new healthy habits, and beginning to drink in middle age is not widely recommended. Interestingly, at the beginning of the study only 8.5% of the subjects were practicing all four healthy habits. After 6 years, an additional 970 people had adopted all four of the primary habits. The most common switch was to begin eating at least 5 fruits and vegetables each day. The researchers examined the successful switchers,and concluded that the subjects most likely to change habits for the better were older,female, those with a college education, higher income and without a history of high blood pressure. After four additional years of follow-up the healthiest lifestyle switchers enjoyed a 40% reduction in the risk of death from any cause, and a 35% lower chance of heart attack or strokes. 2、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 The surprising reason you cant lose weight 2 Bob and Bill are roommates and good friends.They eat the same food, have similar jobs and they recently started doing the same sports together, too. The only difference between them, it seems, is sleep schedules: While Bob gets a solid 7 to 8 hours each night, Bill has an irregular sleep schedule and doesnt get enough sleep. Can you guess why their shared exercise and nutrition method is successful for Bob and not for Bill? The only difference is sleep. While Bill and Bob are made up, the results of their circumstances are arent. If you want your lifestyle changes to reflect in the way you look and feel, sleep is the key. As The Washington Post pointed out this week, a growing body of research points to the fact that skimping on sleep can lead to weight gain,an increase in injuries and a decrease in testosterone(雄性激素 ) levels, which is often associated with depression and bone density(密度 ) loss. During deep sleep, the bodys muscles recover, repairing tissue tom during sports, and the brain creates memories and clears out toxins(毒素 ). Without these processes,you're exercising and feeding a faulty machine. “Many people think you build muscle in the gym,but you actually build when you sleep, ” Chirjeev Sawhney, a personal trainer and fitness manager at a Golds Gym in Arlington,told the Post. “It's when you repair that broken tissue that you get stronger,“ Sawhney said. If the fact that sleep makes your physical fitness more achievable isnt enough,consider its many other benefits: Quality sleep can make you better at your job. It can extend your lifetime. It ll make you more likable. It s time to getthe sleep you deserve. You have nothing to lose (except maybe a few pounds). 3、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 Physicist Stephen Hawking said people should return to the Moon and go to Mars because leaving Earth may be the only way to save humanity. 3 Hawking said that as Earth faces climate change and pressure on natural resources, human beings need to reach beyond our planet. “We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds,“ he said. “It is time to explore other solar systems. Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth, he added. “ If humanity is to continue for another million years,our future lies in boldly going where no one else has gone before.” The University of Cambridge professor spoke during a visit (in June) to the Starmus Festival in Trondheim, Norway. Hawking said human beings should return to the Moon by the year 2020 and Mars by 2025. “This,“ he said, “will unite humans in the shared purpose of exploring the universe.” “ Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity,he said. “ I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal, to face the common challenge for us all.” Hawking added that reaching the Moon, Mars and other planets would get young people interested in space-relatedsciences. He said making the first moves into space would “ elevate humanity“ because it would have to involve manycountries. Whenever we make a great new leap, such as the Moon landings, we bring people and nations together, usher in new discoveries, and new technologies, Hawking said. “To leave Earth demands a concerted global approach, so everyone should join in. We need to rekindle the excitement of the early days of space travel in the 1960s.“ The European Space Agency has announced a plan to create a “ Moon Village ” after the International Space Station is taken out of service in 2024. China is also reportedly interested in sending an astronaut to the Moon. The United States is working on sending astronauts to Mars. The U.S. space agency, NASA, hopes to do this by the 2030s. 4、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 4 How many times have you heard the expression that most people spend more time planning their vacation than they do planning their lives? I would expand that expression by adding that most people spend more time “thinking” about their vacation than they do thinking about what's important in their life. While rest and relaxation are a must in living a balanced life, it's not what we were created to do. After all, the Master Creator took his R it is the hardest work in the world.“ And yet it is the first and primary labor of achievement. My friend Mike Litman wrote an outstanding article this week. It5s called The Millionaire Composite and it analyzes one of the big differences between successful people and everyone else. He wrote, “ I recently visited a real estate multimillionaire Mogul. What did I see next to his desk? I saw his vision statement, along with a list of what he values in life.” “A few months ago, I interviewed an individual who has sold products worth over a billion dollars on television. He told me that he read his life and business vision and goals daily, and that he took time to visualize exactly what he wanted to create each night before falling asleep.” What is your lifes purpose or your personal mission statement? Is it written down? Do you review it and think about it often? Is your life organized around your purpose and a set of goals that support that purpose? Without lifes purpose and goals,you are like a ship without a rudder ( 舵 ). There is power in your purpose and in your goals. It is the power that takes you over obstacles,and it is the fuel that propels(驱使 ) you toward the life you envision. 5、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 Sugar is not good for our health. But you may reason that a single can of Coke every day won't do you much harm. After all, with exercise, you can bum ofif 5 the calories from that can of Coke anyway. If this is your way of thinking, then congratulations! You are Big Sodas ideal consumer. The term “Big Soda ” refers to two soft drink companies: the Coca-Cola Company and Pepsi Co Inc. American soda consumption has experienced a sustained decline. In China, however, it is a different story. According to a Xinhua News Agency report, Coca-Cola's soda sales went up 10 percent in the second quarter this year compared with the same time last year. Increases in soda consumption can be womsome to health experts. In her recent book Soda Politics: Taking on Big Soda (and Winning) , New York University nutrition professor Marion Nestle makes a fiery case against the soda industn . She says it*s all right if you drink sweet drinks occasionally. But drinking it every day is “plainly unhealthy“. According to The Economisty one large study cited in Nestle's book found that for each (12-ounce) can added to a person's daily diet, the risk of diabetes jumped by 22 percent. There are also links between sugar and heart disease, obesity, strokes and cancer. Unlike fruit or even a Big Mac, sweet drinks have no nutritional value. A 12-ounce (340-gram) can of Coke, for example, has 140 calories and 39 grams of sugar but no protein or fiber. Nestle also points out that drinking a lot of soda has a broader cost. Chronic diseases caused by unhealthy diets can create a burden for a country's health care system. Increased health awareness has turned a lot of US consumers against soda. On a political level, lawmakers are also waging a war against Big Soda. Thirty-three US states are taxing soda or sugar drinks, while some are consideringintroducing warning labels for soda ads and soda products. 6、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak has launched a school to teach computer science and technology-related skills. 6 In 2017, Wozniak announced creation of what is being called an online university, known as Woz U. In the beginning, Woz U will only offer classes through electronic devices connected to computers. Later, the school plans to open up classrooms in more than 30 cities so students can attend in person. Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computer,with Steve Jobs,in 1976. They developed and hand- built the company s first computer, the Apple I , mainly working in Jobs9s home, near San Jose, California. The following year, Wozniak designed the Apple , which marked a revolution in computer design and development. The Apple II became the worlds first successfully mass-produced personal computer. Throughout its history, Apple has been seen as one of the most innovative technology companies. In addition to computers, it developed industry-changing products, such as the iPod and iPhone. According to Forbes, Apple is currently the ninth largest public company in the world. Steve Wozniak left Apple in 1985. He said he left because he did not agree with some of the companys business goals at the time. Since then, he has been involved with several other technology companies. Wozniak has been a supporter of local education in areas where he has lived. He even taught computer classes to young people and has donated technology equipment to schools. Now Wozniak is teaming up with a for-profit company to provide programs for students interested in learning about technology. “ Our goal is to educate and train people in employable digital skills without putting them into years of debt, ” Wozniak said in a statement. He added that his goal is to inspire and prepare “the next generation of innovators” to join the workforce of the future. Woz U currently offers training in software development and computer support. The school plans to add several other subjects in 2018. Students who finish the programs will receive a certificate of completion upon graduation. 7 Wozniak says the school will also work with technology companies to help them identify new workers and train the ones they already have. 7、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 It all started with a simple request. In 2006, Cathryn Couch was working as a chef, making home-delivery meals for customers. One day, a friend called and asked if Couch had any cooking jobs for her teenage daughter. She didn't, but the friend persisted. So Couch eventually came up with a project : making meals and delivering them to a local homeless center. After seeing how excited and proud her friends daughter was after making the meals, Couch decided to replicate(复制) their lesson on a grander scale. Thats how,in 2007, the Ceres Community Project was bom. The Bay Area-based program asks teen volunteers to cook healthful, all-organic meals and deliver them to local patients with cancer and other serious conditions. That first year, 21 volunteers made 4,500 meals. In 2015, 400 volunteers prepared more than 90,000 meals. Couch has opened five branches in counties across the Bay Area. And she has helped launch similar programs in cities like Eugene, Ore., and Madison, Wis. And now, the group has expanded east of San Francisco. In February, the Ceres Project opened up in Alameda, Calif., working with a supportive housing community called Alameda Point Collaborative( APC). Much of the funding came from the $100,000 left by a local woman who passed away from breast cancer. Generally, their money comes from a mix of individual and foundation donations. “I'm seeing a lot of the kids natural leadership and social skills come out in the kitchen,” says AileenSuzara, the Alameda program coordinator and chef. “ I see a bright light from the kids eyes. They have a sense of how the project is really touching someones life.” When she first started the program, Couch thought that the cooking skills the teens gained would be the most valuable part of the program. But thats not the case. “It s really about learning that they matter in the world and that their choices make a difference, she says. 8 8、阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。 It s been named the “Venice of Africa”, but comparisons between the unattractive community of Makoko and the historic Italian city begin and end at the waters edge. Makoko s huts rise from the dirty waters of the lagoon around Lagos,Nigeria s biggest citya far cry from the beautiful bridges and buildings that mark Venice. Now it is hoped that education, with the help of creative architecture, can help create a better future for the children of Makoko. The hope comes in the shape of a floating school, built completely by the locals. The project, backed by the UN Development Fund, the Nigerian government and the Heinrich Boll Foundation, is the brainchild of local architect Kunle Adeyemi. Kunle said that improving the poor area required something new that was more in tune with local customs and the environment. “Living on water is actually a way of life.so, the question is them, how do you improve that condition, how do you deal with the challenges of living on water in a safe, healthy and environmentally sound way?” he said. Canoes, long light boats, are how the 150,000 people who live in Makoko get around as they try to make a living by fishing and trading. The new school floats on 250 empty blue barrels fixed under its wooden base designed to get around the problems of periodic flooding in the area. Fishermen search the waters for the day's catch. The floating school gives them a place to tie up their canoes and mend nets well while children are in class. 9 Jeremiah Oleole Austin is one of the few young people to have gone on to further education. “ I was bom and brought up there, so