上海市徐汇区2018-2019学年高一上学期期末学习能力诊断英语试题(附解析).pdf

- 1 - 徐汇区 2018 -2019学年第一学期学习能力诊断卷 高一英语试卷 （考试时间 90 分钟，满分 100 分） I. Listening comprehension (15%) Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. The weather is nice. B. Its quite warm today. C. There will be a heavy storm. D. Its going to snow. 2. A. In a department store. B. In a movie studio. C. In a publishing house. D. In a research laboratory. 3. A. His classmates. B. His bag. C. His keys. D. His glasses. 4. A. He went to a picture show. B. He watched a football match on TV. C. He painted some pictures. D. He went out to play football. 5. A. Having a meal in a restaurant. B. Checking in at a hotel. C. Booking a ticket at a station. D. Reserving a seat in a cinema. 6. A. She would like to have some coffee. B. She will get up early tomorrow. C. She thinks it too early to have coffee. D. She will have coffee tomorrow. 7. A. Getting everything they need. B. Opening a DIY store. C. Buying a less expensive table. D. Making a new table. 8. A. The room is too small. B. The room is filled with smoke. C. Her health is failing. D. She has to give up smoking. 9. A. Boring. B. Demanding. C. Challenging. D. Exhausting. 10. A. It is his favorite book. B. It is not worth reading. C. It is not the one he likes. D. It is better than he expected. - 2 - Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear a short passage and a longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passage and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. He speaks faster. B. He becomes heavier. C. He cooks more often. D. He repeats things often. 12. A. The food. B. The weather. C. The language. D. The city. 13. A. A bit cold. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Talented. Questions 14 through 15 are based on the following conversation. 14. A. In a minute. B. Tomorrow. C. This afternoon. D. At the weekend. 15. A. Pay the students for the new one. B. Get someone to fix the old one. C. Order one on the Internet. D. Replace the old one with a new one. II. Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10%) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Fat and Salt Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required to process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt _1_(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. Having enough fat and salt in your meals _2_(reduce) the urge to snack between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _3_ is not good for the health. 【答案】 1. are removed 2. will reduce 3. which 【解析】 - 3 - 这是一篇说明文。说明了脂肪和盐是日常饮食中非常重要的一部分。 【1 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐从食物中除去时，食物尝起来好像少了什么。主语fat and salt与谓语 remove 构成被动关系，且描述客观事实，主语为两者为复数，故用一般现在时are removed 。 【2 题详解】 考查动词时态。根据后文and will improve可知本空是由and 连接的并列，故与will improve构成并列谓 语，故填will reduce。 【3 题详解】 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：像任何事情一样，两者都有可能过量，这对健康是不利的。非限定性定语从 句修饰上文整个句子，关系代词用which。 Music Everyone has the inborn ability to understand and enjoy music. Since the beginning, humans _4_(express) themselves through music. I recently had a chance to experience conversation through music. In 2008, I_5_ (travel) to Manila, Philippines to participate in a high school jazz exchange _6_ many students from all over Asia came together to share their talents. Everyone was mixed into different small groups to prepare for a concert at the end of week. Although _7_ people spoke fluent English, everyone seemed to understand each other simply through the music and there were few times where direct translation _8_(need). At the performance, every group played for a live audience. During my groups performance, I was able to improvise( 合奏 ) with a Korean boy _9_ spoke very little English. But we managed to have a conversation through our instruments. It was _10_ great experience. 【答案】 4. have expressed 5. traveled 6. where 7. few 8. was needed 9. who 10. a 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在2008 年去菲律宾首都马尼拉旅行中，一次通过音乐沟通的经历。 【4 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：从一开始，人类就通过音乐来表达自己。由since beginning可知，本句为现在完成 - 4 - 时，且主语为复数，故填have expressed。 【5 题详解】 考查动词时态。由in 2008时间为过去，可知用一般过去时，故填traveled。 【6 题详解】 考查连接词。句意：2008 年，我旅行去了菲律宾的马尼拉参加一个高中爵士乐交流活动，在那来自亚洲各地 的学生聚集在一起分享他们的才华。本句为定语从句修饰先行词high school jazz exchange，且先行词在 从句中做地点状语，故填表地点的关系副词where。 【7 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然很少有人能说一口流利的英语，但似乎每个人都能通过音乐彼此理解。由后文“每 个人都能通过音乐彼此理解”可知，“很少”有人能说流利的英语。故填few。 【8 题详解】 考查时态与语态。本空在句中充当谓语，且与主语translation构成被动关系，且时间为2008 年，主语为单 数，故用一般过去时的被动was needed 。 【9 题详解】 考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词boy，且先行词在定语从句中作主语，指人，故用指人作 主语的关系代词who。 【10 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这是一次美好的经历。experience为名词，表示泛指，用a。 Section B (10%) Direction:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Around the world, eggs have been an important part of breakfast for all good reasons. After all, an egg is a storehouse( 仓库 ) of vital _11_, making it an essential part of a healthy diet. And for those of you who are afraid of having this power food because youre worried that it will add to your weight, remember, one egg _12_ about 80 calories and about five grams of fat. Hence, smart consumption is a far healthier option. Eggs are a well-known rich _13_ of protein an important building block of bones, muscles, - 5 - skin, and blood. The body uses protein to build and repair tissues as well as making other body chemicals. Unfortunately, the body does not store _14_, and therefore has no reservoir( 储备 ) to draw on when it needs a new supply. Thus eggs are the perfect sources and a smart food choice for those who _15_ their intake of carbohydrates to lose extra weight. Another important nutrient youll find in egg white is Vitamin B2. And for all of you wondering whats the _16_ of this nutrient, it is a water-soluble( 水溶性 ) vitamin which is_17_ in vital processes in the body and is necessary for normal cell function, growth, and energy production. The yolk( 蛋黄 ), which many of us _18_ out of fear, is actually a very healthy food, if consumed in _19_. The yolk is a rich source of vitamin A, calcium, and iron. The iron found in the yolk is easily _20_ in the body. According to nutrition experts, one can eat one whole egg every day without harming ones cholesterol and other blood-fat levels. 【答案】 11. I 12. B 13. D 14. G 15. A 16. C 17. F 18. K 19. J 20. H 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。说明了鸡蛋富含蛋白质和维他命B2等物质，是健康饮食的重要组成部分。 【11 题详解】 句意：毕竟，鸡蛋是重要营养物质的仓库，是健康饮食的重要组成部分。根据后文making it an essential part of a healthy diet可知，鸡蛋是健康饮食的重要组成部分，是因为富含营养。故选I 。 【12 题详解】 句意：一个鸡蛋含有大约80 卡路里和5 克脂肪。本句缺少谓语动词， 且根据下文的数据， 应当为鸡蛋“含有”， 故选 B。 【13 题详解】 句意：鸡蛋是众所周知的富含蛋白质的食物。根据上文提到“鸡蛋是重要营养物质的仓库”可知，故选D。 【14 题详解】 句意：不幸的是，身体不储存蛋白质，因此当它需要新的供给时，就没有储备可以利用。根据上文鸡蛋“富 含蛋白质”可知选G。 - 6 - 【15 题详解】 句意：因此，对于那些减少碳水化合物摄入量以减轻额外体重的人来说，鸡蛋是完美的来源和明智的食物选 择。根据后文lose weight可知，本空是指那些需要减少额外题中的人，故选A。 【16 题详解】 句意：对于那些想知道的这种营养的好处的人，它是一种水溶性维生素。根据后文vital processes可知此 处指 Vitamin B2的“益处；好处”，故选C 。 【17 题详解】 句意：它是一种水溶性维生素，参与人体的重要过程，是正常细胞功能、生长和能量生产所必需的。根据后 文 cell function, growth, and energy production可知，此处是指水溶性维生素之所以重要是因为要“参 与”人体生长的过程。故选F。 【18 题详解】 句意：蛋黄，我们很多人因为害怕而避开它。根据后文的fear可知，人们处于害怕而避开吃蛋黄。故选K。 【19 题详解】 句意：如果节制食用，实际上是一个非常健康的食物。蛋黄过量食用对身体有害，但是“节制”食用则非常 健康。故选J。 【20 题详解】 句意：蛋黄中的铁很容易在体内被消化。此处指蛋黄中“铁元素”的益处是容易被身体消化吸收，故选H。 【点睛】 contain与 include辨析。 1、含义不同。 contain和 include都有“包含”的意思，但contain强调容量，表示包含所含之物的的全部 或部分； include强调范围，表示所包含之物中的一部分； 2、用法不同。 contain多用于客观事物，如容器里有什么、什么东西有什么成分；include用于虚拟范畴， 如我们今天的任务包括等； 3、侧重点不同。contain侧重“内有”，即里面包括哪些内容；include侧重宾语所述的人或物是整体的一 部分； 如第二小题中，侧重强调鸡蛋中“包括的物质”由卡路里和脂肪，故应用contain 。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15%) Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. During my school days, I was one of those shy and distant kids who would just sit in a corner for an entire day. For me, my books were my only world. Even during breaks, I used to just sit in - 7 - a corner of the _21_ and see others play games. It was not as if I wasnt interested in _22_ others or making new friends. But I always felt lacking in _23_ when compared with my peers. I always had an opinion that my advances towards new friendships would be limited. And I just didnt want to _24_ a rejection( 拒绝 ). Once during my English class, my teacher shared a(n)_25_with us. It was about King Bruce and a spider. It revolved around a lost battle and talked about how King Bruce, despite losing the battle, won in the end. He was _26_ by a little spider. The little movements of the spider and the way it was taking rejections _27_ me a lot. I was so surprised that I myself started _28_ the movements of spiders at home. Once, a spider took around an hour to reach the top of a wall and I _29_ knocked it down. To my_30_, within seconds it started making its _31_ up again. For me, this incident was a game changer. I realized that rejections are never a _32_. The world may mistreat me, but I can _33_ and start working again. There would be time when people would like and appreciate me. At present, I _34_ mixing with people, learning new things and making new friends. I think, there are just no such things as rejections or _35_ as everything can change at any moment. 21. A. office B. station C. playground D. street 22. A. beating B. watching C. filming D. joining 23. A. money B. energy C. tense D. knowledge 24. A. avoid B. suffer C. cause D. overlook 25. A. story B. task C. experience D. song 26. A. confused B. killed C. damaged D. inspired 27. A. ensured B. suited C. impressed D. reminded 28. A. adjusting B. observing C. showing D. guiding 29. A. cruelly B. angrily C. normally D. bravely 30. A. delight B. surprise C. amusement D. disappointment 31. A. progress B. way C. web D. mistake 32. A. failure B. trend C. wonder D. adventure 33. A. feel free B. be aware C. stand up D. give up 34. A. enjoy B. refuse C. imagine D. risk 35. A. approaches B. values C. failures D. reasons - 8 - 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者如何通过一个故事，走出自己封闭的内心世界，学会与外界交流， 学会结交新朋友，学会改变自己。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. office办公室； B. station车站； C. playground操场； D. street街道。根据and see others play games.可知我是坐在操场的一个角落里。故选C。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. beating打； B. watching观看； C. filming拍电影； D. joining加入。句意：并不 是我好像对加入其他人或是交新的朋友不感兴趣，而是我总是感觉与同龄人相比，我缺乏精力。故选D。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. money 金钱； B. energy精力； C. tense紧张的； D. knowledge知识。句意：我总是 感觉与同龄人相比，我缺乏精力。故选B。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. avoid 避免； B. suffer遭受； C. cause 造成； D. overlook俯瞰。根据 I always had an opinion that my advances towards new _5_ would be limited. 可知这里意思是我不想遭受拒绝。 故选 B。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. story故事； B. task课题； C. experience经历； D. song 歌曲。句意：在一节英语 课上，我的老师和我们分享了一个故事。故选A。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. confused使困惑； B. killed杀死； C. damaged 破坏； D. inspired激发。根据The little _10_ of the spider and the way it was taking rejections impressed me a lot. 可知他被 一只小蜘蛛所鼓舞。故选D。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. ensured确保； B. suited适合； C. impressed使印象深刻；D. reminded提醒。句 意：蜘蛛的小动作和它接受拒绝的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。故选C。 【28 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. adjusting调整； B. observing观察； C. showing展示； D. guiding指导。句意： - 9 - 我很吃惊，我自己在家里也开始观察蜘蛛的行动。故选B。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。A. cruelly残忍地； B. angrily生气地； C. normally正常地； D. bravely勇敢地。句 意：曾经有一只蜘蛛，为了到达墙顶，花费了大约一个小时的时间，我残忍地把它撞下来。故选A。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. delight高兴； B. surprise惊讶； C. amusement 娱乐； D. disappointment失望。 下文说几秒钟之内，它又开始向上前进，这令我很吃惊。故选B。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. progress进步； B. way 方式； C. web 网； D. mistake错误。句意：几秒钟之内，它 又开始向上前进。 make ones way前进，该短语是固定短语，故选B。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. failure失败； B. trend趋势； C. wonder好奇； D. adventure冒险。句意：句意： 我意识到拒绝，绝不是失败。故选A 。 【33 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。A. feel free轻松； B. be aware意识到； C. stand up坚持； D. give up放弃。句意： 这个世界也许会虐待我，但我可以站起来重新开始工作。故选C。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。A. enjoy喜欢；享受；B. refuse拒绝； C. imagine想象； D. risk冒险。句意：现在， 我享受和人们待在一起。故选A。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。A. approaches方式； B. values价值； C. failures失败； D. reasons理由。句意：世 界上能够改变我们的事情永远都不是拒绝或者失败。故选C。 【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索” 的原则来查找信息。例如，第1 小题，根据Even during breaks, I used to just sit in a corner of the _1_ and see others play games.可知从后文看其他人做游戏，由此推断出我是坐在操场的角落 里，故选C。 Section B (16%) Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A - 10 - 36. What can people do in Story Show? A. Do role-play games. B. Put on science shows. C. Hear touching stories. D. Meet authors of the books. 37. If you are interested in ocean engineering, you will probably attend_. A. Story Show B. DIY Underwater Vehicle Design C. Make Your Own iPhone Case D. Animal Kingdom for Young Ones - 11 - 38. Animal Kingdom for Young Ones is designed for _. A. adults B. children of all ages C. kids under 8 years old D. children aged twelve and older 39. What is the subject of the festival? A. Sports. B. Science. C. Literature. D. Education. 【答案】 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四个科学主题活动，包括有关于科学的故事；有关于用3D打印技术自己设计手 机壳；有关于自制水下汽车的设计以及为8 岁以下的小朋友设计的活动。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个信息Story Show in Oheron中的 tell funny and touching stories可知，人们 可以在 Story Show中聆听动人的故事。故选C。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个活动DIY Underwater Vehicle Design in MIT Museum，可知，如果对海洋工程感 兴趣，可以去参加海洋工程爱好者的乐园MIT Museum ，故选 B。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一项活动中的最后一段信息：Age 8 可知 Animal Kingdom for Young Ones是为 8 岁 以下的儿童准备的，故选C。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容主要为介绍四个与科学相关的主题活动可知，本活动的主题是科学。故选B。 B If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have b