1、IECIECTR61292-4Edition4.02023-01TECHNICA1.REPORTco1.ourinsideOptica1.amp1.ifiers-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiersATHISPUB1.ICATIONISCOPYRIGHTPROTECTEDCoPyright2023IEC1Geneva,Switzer1.andAJ1.rightsresec伯d.UnteesO1.herWig
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4、etechnica1.contortdIECpub1.ications$keptunderconstantreviewbyIbCIECP1.cascmakesurothatyouhavethe1.atestedition,ayaIafteCyotcriteria(referencenumber,texttechnica1.oommittcat3reteased.Avai1.ab1.eon1.ineandCnCeamonthbyemai1.IECCustomerServiceCentre-webstore.1.ec.chescIfyouwhtogrveuyourfeedbackonthispub
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6、ingmorethan22300trm11otogicaentriesinEng1.shandFrench,withequcvaie!termsin19additiona1.1.anguages.A1.soKnOWnasteInternationa1.Etectfotechnica1.Vocabu1.ary(IEV)oi11o.IECIECTR61292-4Edition4.02023-01TECHNICA1.REPORTco1.ourinsideOptica1.amp1.ifiers-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-fre
7、eandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiersINTERNATIONA1.E1.ECTROTECHNICA1.COMMISSIONICS33.160.10;33.1M.30ISBN978-2-8322-6339-6Warning!Makesurethatyouobtainedthispub1.icationfromanauthorizeddistributor.RcoaC8HadWTUrt1.cfroIrsFsaJ8c11nh*3J8rm44iocCONTENTSFOREWORD4INTRODUCTION61 Scope7
8、2 Normativereferences73 Terms,do1irwt1.ocs.andabbreviatedterms83.1 Termsanddefinitions.832Abbreviatedterms84 Maximumtransmissib1.eoptica1.powertokeepfibresdamage-free84.1 Genera1.84.2 Fibrefuseanditspropagation94.3 1.ossifXjuccdheatingatconnectorsorsp1.ices104.4 4ConncckxCndfaCe(IarnagCinducedbydust
9、contamination114.5 Fibreatbum,m1.tinducedbytightfibrebending134.6 Summaryofthefibredamage145 Maximumtransmissib1.eoptica1.powertokeepeyesandskinsafe155.1 Maximumtransmtssib1.exposure(MPEonthesurfaceofeyeandskin155.2 Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.POWerthefibreforthesafetyofeyeandskin155.2.1 POwerIimit1
10、5522NeedforAPR165.2.3 Wave1.engths175.2.4 1.ocations17525Nomina1.ocu1.arhazarddistance(NOHD)175.2.6 POWarreductiontimes175.2.7 Medica1.aspectsofthesafetyofeyesandskininexistingstandards186 Maximumoptica1.powerpermissibteforoptica1.amp1.ifiersfromtheviewpointoffibredamageaswe1.1.aseyeandskinsafety197
11、 Conc1.usion19AnnoxA(informative)Genera1.informationforoptica1.fibrefuse20A.1Introductoryremark20A-2Generatingmechanism20A.3Voidfortnationmechanism24A4Propagationcharacteristicofafibreiu$e24A5Preventionandtermination26A5.1Genera1.26A52Preventionmethods26A53Terminationmethods27A.6Additiona1.safetyinf
12、ormation29A7Conc1.usion29Bib1.iography30Figure 1 -Experimenta1.setupforIibrCfusepropagation9Figure 2 -Connection1.ossversustemperatureincrease11Figure 3 -Testset-up11Figure 4 -Surfacenditionntamiatedwihmeta1.Ii1.mgs.beforethetest12Figure 5 -VariationofPOWGrattenuationduringts1.atsevera1.powerinputva
13、1.uesfoep1.ugscontaminatedwithmeta1.fSngs13Figure 6 -Pofcshingsurfacenditionntami11atedwithmeta1.fiSng.aftertest13Figure 7 -ThemoVieWerimageoftight1.ybentSMFMhoptica1.POWerOf3Wa1.148Onm14Figure 8 -Temperatureo1thecoatingsurfaceofSMFsagainstbedgwithoptica1.powrof3Wat1480nm14Figure 9 -MaximumPCrmeSSiM
14、PoWfyinthe1.rcagainstAPRPOwerroductontime18FigureA.1-Frontpartofthefibrefusedamagegeneratedintheoptica1.fibre20FigureA.2-SiOabsorptionmode1.22FigureA.3-Ca1.1.atedfixefusepropagationbehaviourSimUatedWiththeSiOabsorptionmode1.23FigureA.4-Seriesofoptica1.micrographsShOWingdamagegeneratedby9,0W1480nm1.a
15、ser1.ightsuggestingamechanismofperiodicVOodformation24FigureA.5-Imagesoffibrefuseignitiontakenw1.hanu1.tra-high-speedcameraandaoptica1.mkxographo1.thedamagedfibre.25FigureA.6-PoWerdens4ydependenceofthefibre-fusepropagationve1.ocity26FigureA.7-Optica1.micrographsSbOW1.ngfrontpanofthefibrefusedamagege
16、neratedinSMF2(Orcswithvarious1.aserintensities(1480nm)26FigureA8-PdnCiP1.OofthoOPbCa1.fibrefusepassivetc11nationmethodandphotographoafibrefuseterminatorusingaTECstructure27FigureA9-Photoyapbotho1.o-assistedfibreandIibfCrscterminationusingaho1.o-assistedfibre28FigureA.10-Examp1.eoffibrefuseactiveterm
17、inationscheme29FigureA.11-Transformationofetec1.rica1.signa1.byoptica1.fibrefuse29TaWe1-Thresho1.dpoweroffibrefusepropagationforvariousfibres9TaWe2-McasurmntconditionsWTaWc3-Examp1.esofpower1.imitsforoptica1.fibrecommunicationsystemshavingautomaticPOWOrreductiontoreduceemissionstoa1.owerhazardIevd16
18、TaWe4-1.ocationtypeswithThH!ematxaE1.ectrotechnica1.CxwnQai1.nationa1.e1.ectro1.echnica1.oommitees(IECNationa1.ConWiHee3).TbeobjectcIECisIoPMmoIeJrrtefnationaicooperationona1.1.questionsconcerningstandardization11thetec!11caJande1.ectronic1ieds.ToIhtsendandinaddiontooheractrvities.IECpuWiesInternaii
19、ona1.Standards,TecaSpecdicaiions.TetnicaiReports.Pub1.cyAvai1.aMeSpecincatJonsPAS)andGudes(hfaherreferredtoasIECPuMicat1.on(三).ThpreparationisentrustedImrttocs;anyIECNationa1.Committoc11trc5todin1hsubjectdea1.twthmayPameJPa轮ntsPfePiafakXyworkInternationa1.,governmenta1.andnongveais1.ngwiththeIECa1.s
20、oJxirticipatcinthisWeparabon.IECoo*aboracksHyw1.htheIEernartMXOrganizationforSundafdizaiion(ISO)inaccordancewthCond砧Ongdeterminedbyagreemen!beueedthetwoorganizaton.2ThekxmatecsonsoragreementsotEContechnica1.mattersexpress,asnear1.yaspossbte,aninternationa1.consensusofopinionontherdva11tsuoctssincech
21、technica1.Commrttoohasrepr。Sonu1.bQnfromainterestedIECNatkxiaiCommittees.31IECPub1.icationshavethekxmOfrecommendationsfxinternationa1.useandarcacjp1odbyIECNatkxia1.Committeesin!hsense.Vi1.ea1.1.reasonab1.eeffortsarern4detoensureIhatIhetechnica1.oonientofIECPuWcatonsisaccraie.IECcannotbehethemaximume
22、xtentpossb1.inIheirnationa1.andreona1.PUbICatJOns.AnydverpencebetweenanyIECPubicabonandteCorreepondingnationa1.regiona1.pub1.icationsha1.1.beCteartyindicatedinthe1.atter.5) IECitse1.1.doesnotpvkanyattestationo1.co11kxmity.IncJependentcertrtca!onbodiesprovideconformityassessmentservicesand.inso11xsJr
23、gSaccessKIECmarksMco11kxmi1.yIECisnotrcspcxisittckxanyservicescarriedoutbyindependentCertifiCa1.jonbodies.6) AJIusersshou1.densurethattheyhavetheIa1.es1.edrtkxofIhsPUb1.CatIom7) NoIiabiityshaattachtoIECor1.sdirxkxs.emp1.oyocs.servantsxagentsinc1.udingindividua1.expertsandmembersofitstechnica1.Conifn
24、ftteesandIECNationa1.Cofnmdteesforanypersona1.injury,propertydamageJherdamageGfanynatureMa1.SOGver.whetherSrec1.orindirect,orforcosts(InCkd1.ng1.ega1.fees)andexpensesarisingIhepossibi1.itytha?soneotheeiementso1.thisIECPUNCaUOnmaybethesubjectofpatentrightsIECsha1.1.notbebHdrcspo11sWcforidentifyingany
25、orosuchPatCmrights，IECTR61292-4hasbeenpreparedbySubcooiminee86C:Ftoreopticsystemsandactivedevices,ofIECmittee86:Fibreoptics.ItcsaTechnica1.Report.Thisfourtheatedmtheabovetab1.e.The1.anguageusedforthedeve1.opmentofthisTechnica1.ReportisEng1.ish.Thisdocu11wntwasdraftedinaccordancewithISO.1ECDirectives
26、Pan2,and(JeVek)PCdinacrdancwithISQ1IECDirectives.Part1andISO1IECDirectives.IECSupp1.ement,avai1.ab1.eatvw.c.chmmbrsexprts,refdccs.Themaindocumenttypesdeve1.opedbyIECardescribedingreaterdetai1.atW/isc.chStandardSdevpubtions.A1.istofa1.1.partsintheIEC61292series,pub1.ishedunderthegenera1.tit1.eOPtiCa
27、1.ampfierscanbefoundontheIECwebsite.Thecom1111eehasdeededthatthetetsofthisdocumentwi1.1.remainunchangedunti1.thestabi1.itydateindicatedontheIECwebsiteunderwebstore.c.chinthedatare1.atedtothespecificdocument.Atthisdate,thdocumentwi1.1.be reconfirmed. withdrawn. rep1.acedbyarevisededition,or amended.I
28、MPORTANT-Theco1.ourinside1.ogoontheverpageofthisdocumentindicatesthatitcontainsco1.ourswhicharnsideredtobeusefu1.fortheco11ectunderstandingofitscontents.Usersshou1.dthereforeprintthisdocumentusingaco1.ourprinter.INTRODUCTIONThisdocumentisdedicatedtothesubjectofmama三ypermissib1.eopica1.powerfordamage
29、freeandsafeuseofoptica1.ampfcfiers.inddi11gRamanamp1.iiiers.Sneethetechno1.ogyisquitenewandsti1.1.evotving.amendmentsandneweasedOPbCa1.amfcfs.Withtheintroductionotnewtechno1.ogies,suchas1.ong-hau1.,beyond100Gb,s.WDMtransmission,dgrtaJcoherenttransmissionandRamanampiifcation.someoptica1.amp1.ifierse
30、npioyop(ica1.pumpsourceswithextreme1.yhighopica1.PoWer-possib1.yuptosevera1.WattS-Forexamp1.e,erbiumdopedfibreamp1.rfiersthatprovideextreme1.yhighoutputPOweraredescribedinIECTR61292-8(1),andRamaamp1.ifiersInIECTR61292-6(2).Excessive1.yhighoptica1.powercancausephysica1.damage(otheoptica1.Fibres,compo
31、nentsandequipmentinadditiontopresentingamedca1.hazardtothehumaneyeandskin.Thepossibi1.ityoffibredamagecausedbyhighopbca1.intensityhasbeendiscussedattechnica1.Confererxzesandintechnica1.reportstormanyyears.Theuseofhighintensityoptica1.amiifierscancauseprob1.emsoptica1.fibres,whichinc1.udefibrefuse,he
32、atinginthesp1.icepoints(connec1.ionPOntS)JIbfeendfacedamageduetodus1.,andIitxecoatburningduetotightfibrebending.Forexampie.IECTR62547(3)providesguide1.inesforthemeasurementofhgh-POgdamagesens4ivityofsing1.e-modefibretobends,andIECTR62627-01(4describesC1.eanmgmethodstorfn.otherStandaBgroupsarediscuss
33、ingtheriskofignitionofhazardousenvironmentscausedbyhgh-poverradiationfromoptea1.equipment.Themedica1.aspectsofhigh-poweroptica1.radiationhavea1.sobeenaddressedbystandards.IEC608252如I1.nOSthCconcopofhazard1.eve1.sandcorrespondingIabcfcng.whichaddressesthesafetyaspoasof1.asersspecifica1.1.yinre1.ation
34、toMSUCdamage.inaddition.IECTR60625-17(5)describessafetymeasurestoprotectaganstOHeC1.Scausedexc1.usive1.ybyIhefma1.,opto-mechanica1.andre1.atedeffectsinpassiveoptica1.mpo11e11tsandoptica1.cab1.esusedinhighpoweroptica1.fibrecommunicationsystems.Moreover.ITU-TRemmendationG.6646discussesthesafetyfeature
35、ofautomatic1.aserpowerreduction.Withtherecent1.ygrowinginterestinhighpowerfibreamp1.ifiersandfibreRamanamp1.ifiers,however,somed1.fic1.teshavebeen三dentifjamongoica1.amp1.ifierusersandmanufacturersinIu1.fyunderstandingthetechnica1.dodosasimp1.einformativeguide1.ineonthemaximumoptica1.powerpermissib1.
36、eforoptica1.ampifiersforoptica1.amp1.ifierusersandmanufacturers.NumDersisquareDcacKetsre1.ertotheBbIJography.OPTICA1.amp1.ifiers-Part4:Maximumpermissib1.eoptica1.powerforthedamage-freeandsafeuseofoptica1.amp1.ifiers,inc1.udingRamanamp1.ifiers1 ScopeThispartofIEC61292.whichisaTechnica1.Report,appfces
37、toa1.1.COmmGreiaIyavai1.ab1.eoptica1.ampdiers(OAs),InCiUdIngoptica1.freamp1.ifiers(OFAsusingactivefibresaswe1.1.asRamanamp1.rfiers.Semnductoroptica1.ampMiers(SOAs)usingsemi11ductorgainmediaarea1.soinc1.uded.Thisdocumentprovidesinformativeguide1.inesonIheIhreShoWo1highoptica1.powerthatcancausehigh-te
38、mperaturedamageothefibre.A1.sodiscussedisoptica1.safetytormanufacturersandusxsofoptica1.amp1.ifiersbyquotingpartsofexistingstandardsandagrocmCntSoneyeandskinsafety.ThisdocumentidentitiestheIo1.1.owngva1.uesformahtheoycs,skncanbeexposedwithoutconsequentinjury;c) theoptica1.power1.imitintheIOrethatcausesMPEontheQaSk1.nafterIrcespaccpropagationfromthefibre：d) theabso1.utea1.1.ov/abteoptica1.POWer1.eve1.fordamage-freeandsafeoperationoftheoptica1.amp1.ifierbycomparinga)andc).Theobjectiveofthisdocumentistominimizepotentia1.confusionandmisunderstandingintheindustryIha1.cancauseun
