1、ForewordNothingcontainedinanyAPIpub1.icationitobeconstruedasgrantinganyright,byimp1.icationorotherwise.IorthemarHacture.sa1.e,Oruseofanymethod.apparatus,orproductcovetedby1.etespatentNeithershou1.danythingcontainedinthepub1.icationbeconstruedasinsuringanyoneagainst1.iabi1.ityfxinfringerwntot1.etters
2、patent.Theverba1.formsusedtoexpresstheprovisionsinttsdocumentareasfo1.tows.Sha1.1.Asusedmastandard,sha1.1.,denotesaminimumcequirernenttoconformiothestandard.Shou1.d：ASusodinastandard,shou1.d*denotesarecommendationorthatwhichisadvisedbutnotrequiredtoconformtothestandard.May:Asusedinastandard,maydenot
3、esacourseofactionpermissiWwithinthSmitsofastandard.Can:Asusedinastandard,candenotesastatementofpossibi1.ityOfcapabi1.ity.TMdocumentwasproducedUnoefAP1.standardizationproceduresthatensureappropriatenonandpanPaHoninthedeve1.opmenta1.processandisdesignatedasanAPIstandard.Questionsncef11ngtheinterpretab
4、onofthcontentofthispub1.icationorcommentsandquestionsconcerningtheproceduresundertchthispub1.ktionwasdeve1.opedshou1.dbeArectedmwritingtotheDirectorofStandards.AmehcanPetro1.eumInstitute.200MassachusettsAvenue.NW.Suite1100,Washington.DC20001.Requestsforpermissiontoreproduceortrans1.atea1.1.oranypart
5、o1.themateria1.pub1.ishedhereinshou1.da1.sobeaddressedtothedirector.Genera1.1.y.APIstandardsarereviewedandrevised,reaffirmed,orwithdraw!at1.easteveyfiveyears.Aone-timeextensionofuptotwoyearsmayboaddedtothisrewwcyc1.e.StatusofthoPUbfcCagncanboascertainedfromtheAPIStandardsDepartment,te1.ephone(202)62
6、8000.Acata1.ogofAPIpub1.icationsandmateria1.sispub1.ishedannua1.1.ybyAPI.200MassachusettsAvenue.NW.Suite1100.Washington.DC20001.SuggestedrevisionsareinvitedandShOUfidbesubmittedtothStandardsDepartment.API.200MassachusettsAvenue.NW.Suite11.Washington.DC20001,siandardsapi.org.ContentsPwScope-1Ncxmati
7、voReferences.13TermsandDe1.inibons2e1.1 Genera1.1.2 Ccoosion71.8 Freitag-re1.atedCfrosn81.9 Genera1.izedv$1.oca1.ized(Pitting)Corrosion81.10 StressCorrosionCracking81.11 Interna1.CorrosionMechanisms85 DeterminationoftboNoodforTankBottom1.ining91.5.1 1.iningsforCorrosionProtection95.2 TankCorrosionHi
8、story95.3 TankFoundationW6 TankBottom1.iningSe1.ection106.1 Genera1.W6.2 InorgaricZi11cZincSificate(K)Z1.116.3 ThinJi1.ETankBottom1.inings126.4 Thck-ti1.mUnreinforcedTankBotiom1.inings136.5 ReinforcedThick-fi1.mTankBottom1.inings146.6 CircumstancesA1.fectingUmngSe1.ection166.7 Se1.ectingInterna1.1.i
9、ningsf(xTanksStoringA1.ternateFue1.s187 SurfacePreparabon207.1 Genera1.207.2 Pre-c1.eaning217.3 BottomRepairandSubsequentWe1.dandComponentPrepara1.ion217.4 SurfaceC1.eanhness217.5 SurfaceProfi1.eorAncon241.2 Oua1.ificatwnofInspectionPersonne1.1.3 RemmededInspectionParameters10 Eva1.uation.Repair,and
10、Rep1.acementofExisting1.inings10.1 Genera1.WJEva1.uationMethods103Eva1.uationCriteriafor1.inings10.4 Eva1.uatingServiceabi1.ityofExisbng1.inings105DeterminingthCauseof1.iningDegradabontFaiIureIOf1.MwngRepairandRep1.acement11 MaximizingUningService1.ifebyProperMateria1.Se1.ectionandSpecification11.1
11、Genera1.nJUngMateaSeiectxxi113WrittenSpecification12 Hea1.t,Safety,andEnvironmenta1.242425252525262626就23”111TankEntry29SurfacePreparationand1.iningApp1.ication29Manutacnoftankbottom1.inings.ItcontainsSkxma1.SpertinenttothoSe1.cCISof1.iningmateria1.s.SUddCePrCaraUon，Sningappkcaton,cure,and%PCCtionof
12、tankbottomIinmgsforox1.gandnewstoragetanks.Inmanycases,1.ankbottom1.iningshaveproe11tobeaneffectivemethodofpreventinginterna1.corrosionofs1.ee1.tankbottoms.TheintentofthisRPistoprovideinformationandguidancespecifictoatveoundStegstoragetanksinhydrocarbonservice.Certainpracticesrecommendedhereinmaya1.
13、sobeappfccaWeIotanksinotherservices.ThrSRPisintendedioserveOnfyasaguprovidewrittenspecificationsfortankandvesse1.1.inings.ThesedocumentssovMbegivenconsdea1.ion附endesigningandCStaHinga1.iningSySIemforstee1.bottomtanks.2 NormativeReferencesThefo1.1.owingdocumentsarcroferrodtointhetextCsuchawaythatsome
14、ora1.ofIhoircontentconstitutesrequirementso1tisdocument.Fordatedreferences,on1.ytheeditioniedapp1.ies.Forundatedreferences,the1.atesteditiono1.thereferenceddocument(indudnganyaddenda)app1.ies.APIBu1.1.etin939EwefU)ticaNon.Repatr.andMittgstionofCrachngofSieeEquipmentinPetroieumReftneriesandPe(roctwni
15、cJPtan1.sAPIRecommerxSedPractice651,CatodcPfofecHonofAbovegroundPetrofwmStorageTanksAPIStandard653,TanInspcctfOn,Rcptf,AfteraHon.andRcconstructfonAPIStandard2015.RequkefrwNsforSafeEntryandCtearwigofPetro1.eumStorageTanksASTMD4285.-SfarxisrdTestMethodfor(ndfcat)ngOiiorWatertnCompressedAtrASTMD4414.St
16、andardPracticeforMeasurementofWetFi1.mThoknessbyNotchGagesASTMD494,StarxiardTeS1.MethodforConducbmeicicAna1.ysesofWMrSo(ubnDataSUfVe1.Meta($SectionASTMinternationa1.100BarrHartxXDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,Pennsy1.vania19428-2959.ww.astm.ugNACEInternationa*UOrmedytheNationa1.AssociationofCorrOS
17、iOnEngineers).15a5ParkTenP1.aoe1Houston.Texas77084.vw.nac.xg.NACESP0178.FabnCSgnDetais.Suf1.aceFinishRequirements,andPropefDesignConsiderationsforTanksandVss1.stoboUrwiforImmersionSCn水2NACENo.1/SSPC-SP5,WMeMetaJBtastCieanmgNACENo.2，SSPGSP10,NearWhiteMetaJBiastCg如gNACENo.1QSSPC-PA6.Fibergfass-Retnfor
18、cedP1.astic(FRP),1.iningsApphedtoBottomsofCarbonSteeiADovegfoundStorageTarfkSNACENo.11/SSPC-PA8.Thin-FitmOCgSnfCUmngsAppfiedinNewCartonStee!ProcessVesse1.sNACE6A192.,SSPCTR3,DenMicagandTeneratreContro1.DuringSurfacePreparation.App1.ication,andCuringforCoattagsVrbngsofStee1.Tanks.Vessete,andOtherEndo
19、SedSpacesU.S.DO1.Tit1.o29,CFHPart1910.132.7PescnaPcoiec1.iveEquipment,Genera1.RCqiJirOnWnSU.S.DO1.Tit1.e29,CFRPart1910.146.Permit-RequiredConfinedSpacesU.S.DO1.Tit1.e29,CFRPart1926.62.1.ead(ConsUucnIndustryStandard)OSHAPub1.ica1.ion2254.4TrainingReqwemen1.sinOSHAStandardsandTrainmgGuidehnesSSPCGUdO1
20、5,FtcfdMetfrodsforExtractionandAna1.ysisofSofMeSa1.1.sonStwiandOthrNonporousSubstratesSSPC-PA1.Shop.Fiefd,andMaintenancePaiotfngofSteeiSSPC-PA2.ProcedureforDeterminingConformancetoDryCoatingThxknessRequirementsSSPCSP1,ScfventCJeaningSSPCSP11,PowefToofCamgtoBareMetaJ3 TermsandDefinitionsFOf1.hepurpos
21、esot1.h$document,thefo1.owingde1.ationsapp*y.3.1abovegroundstoragetankAS1.abonarycontainer,usua1.1.ycyndrica1.inshape,consistingofametaBcroof,she1.1.,bottom,andsupportstructurewheremoreta90%ofthetankvo1.umetsabovesurfacegrade.3.2anchorpatternanchorprofi1.eprofi1.esur1.aceprofi1.eSurface11tororroughn
22、essofab1.ast-cea11dorsubstratesurface,whenViavedfromthedge.TheCodeotFedera1.Regu1.ationsisavai1.ab1.eIromtheU.S.GovernmentPub1.ishingOffice,732NCapito1.Street,NW1Washingion,DC20401.wv.go.gov.US.Departmento(1.abor.Occupationa1.SafetyandHoaJthAdministration.200ConstitutionAvenue.NW.Was三ngion.DC20210,w
23、vrosagov.TheSocietyforProtectiveCoatings.800Trumbu1.1.Drive.Pittsburgh.Pennsy1.vania15205.vww.sspcorg.1.hmS&QswsrdPvycvajN期“oTa-.Bcoxtt3.3anodeThee1.ectrodeofane1.ectro1.yticco1.1.inwhichoxidationisthePrinCipaJreactionNOTEE1.ectronsf1.owawayfromtheanodetowardthecathodeintheexterna1.drcu1.t.Itisusua1
24、1.y1.beectrodewherecorrosionoccurs,andmeta1.iovsenterSOk1.Iion.3.4cathodeThee1.ectrodeofane1.ectro1.yticce1.1.atvchreductionisIheprincipa1.reactk).E1.ectronsI1.owtowardthecathodeintheexterna1.circuit.3.5cathodicprotectionAcorrosioncontro1.systeminwhichthemota1.tobeprooctodismadetoSGrVCasacathodo.Gi
25、thorbythede1.iberatestab1ismon1.ofaga1.vanicCeiorbyimpressodcurrent.(Soarxxioandcathode.)3.6cau1.kProductsusedmordertofairOrsmoothsurfaces,aswe1.1.assea1.seamsandrivetsin1.iningapp1.ications.3.7coatingAPa1.n1.orotherfinishusedtoaeateaprotective(xderatve1.ayer3.8concentrationce1.1.Anectrocenica1.ce1.
26、1.,theegCtrOmOCWeforce(EMF)ofwchiscausedbyaTerenceinconcentrationofsomecomponentinthe1.ectrotyt,orGtectro1.ytescontainingdiftremsubstances.NOTEThisdif1ronco1.eadstotheformationofdiscretecathodeandanoderegions.3.9corrosionThechemica1.oreec1.rochenicaireactionbetweenamateria1.,usua1.1.yameaanditsenvir
27、onmentthatproducesadtorioationo1themateria1.andspcopedics.3.10corrosionprotectionThminimizatnonofcorrosionusing1.iningsforexposedS伯图surfacesandcathodicprotectionorvaporcorrosioninhibitorsforconcea1.edtankbotiomsteep1.atesurfaces.3.11cure,curingTheprocesswherebya1.iquidcoatingbecomesahardHim.CUnngi$c
28、omp1.eteMVen(heSingi$readytoaocepimmersioninthedesignatedservetainaneectroyte.(Socoxygenconcentrationcd.)3.14e1.ectrochemica1.ce1.1.An1.ectrochenica1.systemconsistingofananodeandacathodeinmeta1.1.ic11tactandimmersedinanC1.eC1.r沏RNoTETbeanodeandcathodemaybedifferentmeta1.sor(Sssimiiarareasonthesameme
29、tasurface.3.15e1.ectro1.yteAnometa1.1.icsubstancethatcarriesane1.ectriccurrentorasubstancewhichwhendisso1.vedinanothermedium,scaswater.separatesintoio11swhichcancarryanG1.ectnccurrent,3.16poyExtreme1.ytoghandduraMesyntheticcati11gresinsthatarehigh1.yresistanttochemica1.s,abrasb11.moisture,andinsomec
30、ases,a1.coho1.s.3.17fiberg1.ass-reinforcedp1.asticFRPResin1.inings,usua1.1.ypo1.yester,viny1.ester,oropoyintowch1.ayersoffiberg1.assareincorporatedtoOPeim1.ZBth1.iningsstructura1.Capab1.rtyandperfjrmar8SeeNACENo.1Q1SSPC-PA6.3.18forcedcuringAcce1.erationofcuringby*reas1.ngthetemperatureaboveambient,a
31、ccompaniedbyforcedaircofoeaspecifiedstoredproductNOTEAhrwgcanbereinforcedorunreinforced.3.22mi1.Oneone-thousandthofaninch(0.1i11.).TEOnomi1.=25,4m;itiscommonpracticetouse1mi=25m.3.23mi1.1.sca1.eTheheavyoxide1.ayerformedduringhotfabricationorheattreatmentofmeta1.s.Iypoca1.1.yab1.ackWtoredsmooth1.ayer
32、foundonthesurface.4CorrosionMechanisms4.1 Genera1.Corrosaonratesofcarbonstee1.invarioushydrocarbonshavebeendeterminedandargiveninmanyreferencetextssuchasNACE37519,CofrosoaDataSwrvey-Mera?SSectionTheseratesapp*yWyi1.therearenoacce1.eratingmechanisms.Forexamp,corrosionWOsdnotbeexpectedSambienttemperat
33、urecrudeoi1.orpcodtservicewithnowatorpreswi;however,corrosionmayoccurwhena1.ayerofwatersett1.estothebottomofacrudoi1.intermediateproduct(Xfinishedproductstoragetar*.Thiswater,whichmayenterthe1.ankwiththproduct,throughthesea1.s,orduring,txea1.hi11g*ofthetank,oftencontainscorrosivecompounds.Forexamp1.
34、e,crudeOeimaycontainSattwaterandsedimentthatsett1.esoutontebottomsofS1.oragetanks.Ch1.ondesandotherso1.ub1.esatistanedinthewatermayprovideastronge4ectro1.ytethatcanpromotecorrosion.Tbecommonmechanismsofm1.ema1.tankbottomcorro&oninc1.ude:a) chemica1.corrosion.b) concentrationcei1.coaosion.c) oxygence
35、1.1.corrosion,d) ga1.vanicco1.1.corrosion.e) microbio1.ogica1.tyinftend11osio(MIC).Oerosion-corrosion.g) 1rettingretatedcorrosion.h) genera1.vs1.oca1.izedpitting.i) stresscorrosioncracking.Thesemecantsmsaredscussedndetai1.Gthefo1.1.owingsedions.4.2 Chemica1.CorrosionChernca1.corrosionmayoccurinenmon
36、meniaandproductc1.eanuptanksaswe1.1.asinche11*castoragefaci1.ities.Forexamp1.e,awastewatertreatmenttankoperatesbyaddingheatand.orconcentratedSutfuricacid10tewatertobreaktheemuteionofoi1.andwateddes.4.3 ConcentrationCe1.1.CorrosionConcentrationce1.1.corrosionmayoccurwhenthestee1.tankbottomisincontact
37、withe1.ectro1.ytesthatcontaindifferedsubstancesorthesamesubstanceindifferingamounts.Forexamp1.e,donee1.ectro1.yteisadi1.utesa1.tso1.utionandtheotheraCOnCengedsa1.tso4u1.ion.anceniraboce1.1.maybeformed.Whenthesai1.tsasimp1.eoneandsnotasa1.tOI1.hemea1.theportiono1.thetankbottominxxMactwiththemoreconce
38、ntratedso1.utionwi1.1.betheanode.Concentrationcecorfosxwi1.1.causepittingandmayresu1.tinsnitcant1.oca1.izedmeta1.1.oss.Pntmofabarestee1.tankbottommayoccuratarateashighas80mi1.s2032m)peryear.e)WhataretheSPeCdiCa1.100Sandcharacteristicsoftheexisting1.ining?10.4 Eva1.uatingServiceabi1.ityofExisting1.in
39、ingsTheeva1.uationmebodsIiS1.eCin10.2Sh(XWbeusedtodetermineifanexistinghngissuitab1.etorservice.B1.istering,cracking,crazing,disco1.oration,andareasofmissing1.iningaremodesofdegradationthatcanbedetectedbyvisua1.inspection.Hov/ever,thesetypesofdegradationmaytbereadivisib1.eun1.essthebottomisthorough1.y1.gh1.ed.c1.eaned,andaccessto6e.Othermodesofdegradationtatmaynotbereadi1.yviab1.earePefmeahOnaIheImIngbyhydrocarbon,so11ening,wicking,
