2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练(3)含解析.pdf

2019 年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（3） 李仕才 A Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything. Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people become more comfortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work. But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older. “The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading,“ said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. “It is based on comparing people of different ages who are the same in terms of income, health, family life.“ Easterlin added, “When you take account of the fact that older people have lower income than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier. In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy. Even if one does give in to age's dark side, health and happiness don't always go hand-in-hand. It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicagos Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness. Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in ones life. “Most people desire happiness, ” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.” 1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The key factor to older adults happiness B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness C. No one can define the limit to happiness. D. The relationship between health and happiness. 2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts? A. They focus on what makes them feel good. B. They have their own circle of friends. C. They have better income after retirement. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness. B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness. C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy. D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic. 4.Whats the topic discussed in the passage? A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness. B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society. C. What the limit to an elder persons happiness is. D. How older people feel compared with younger people. 【文章大意】 随着年龄的增加变老，人们的幸福感也是不一样的。一些人认为老年人会更 幸福些，而另一部分分则持有相反的观点。无论如何，幸福的关键在于一个人对生活的态度。 1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据此段中“the good news is that there doesn t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in ones life no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness. ”可知，幸福是没有标准和限度的。 故选 C 。 3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“It's all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicagos Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness. ”可知，人们对生活和幸福的感觉主要取决于一个人的态度。故 选 B。 B (2015·海口调研测试) A Missouri mom was left stunned after her newborn baby girl was born with two perfectly formed front teeth. Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital in Branson just three days after Christmas，reports ABC 7. And the tiny infant surprised everyone by showing off a pair of pearly bottom front chompers. “Right when she first arrived，everybody was just shocked，”said Bailey. “Just like，She has two front teeth？No kidding？Really ？It was just a big talk about it in the delivery room，”she added. Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the babys fangs. “She said in her 25-year career this is the second time shes even seen it，” Bailey told CNN. Dr. Laura Corio ，a clinical professor of obstetrics and genecology at New Yorks Mount Sinai Hospital，said it was not common for babies to be born with teeth.But she added it was not completely unheard of either. “Teeth can be present in oral cavities at birth and may be related to certain other health problems but not always，”she told ABC news. The National Institute of Health reports that one in every 2,000 to 3,000 babies are born with teethusually appear on the lower gums. Bailey said she would be keeping an eye on the tiny teeth ，as they would come loose and cause a choking hazard. 【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。一位妇女产下一个长着两颗漂亮门牙的女婴，这让 包括妇女本人在内的所有在场的人惊讶不已，大感惊奇。 1Who is Jaklina Bailey? AA doctor. BThe babys mother. CA CNN reporter. DA clinical professor. 解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第二段“Jaklina Bailey welcomed little Alyssa into the world at a hospital.”可知，Jaklina Bailey是新生儿的妈妈。故选B。 2Which group of words are closest in meaning? ATeeth ，gums ，fangs. BChomper，delivery，hazard. CInfant，career ，cavity. DStunned ，startled，shocked. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“A Missouri mom was left stunned.”第 四段中的“ everybody was just shocked”以及第六段中的“ Bailey said even her doctor had been startled by the premature appearance of the babys fangs. ”可推知，这几处分 别表达了Bailey 、旁观者和医生看到新生儿长了两颗牙齿时的惊讶，所以D项中这几个词的 意思相近，意为“惊讶，吃惊”。故选D 。 3According to Dr.Laura Corio，_. Ashe has never seen a baby born with teeth Blittle Alyssa is not alone to be born with teeth Cbabies born with teeth have other health problems Done in every 2,000 to 3,000 babies are born with teeth 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第八段第二句“But she added it was not completely unheard of either.”可知，这位医生说这种情况也不是完全没有听说过的；由此可推知， Alyssa 并不是唯一一个出生时就长了牙齿的婴儿。故选B。 4What type of writing is the text? AA news report. BA medical digest. CAn announcement. DA hospital introduction. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的“reports ABC 7 ”可知，本文应该是一篇新 闻报道。故选A。 C On a visit to Japan, Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鸟 ) and the forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak. “Why do you bother？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that I can， ” the hummingbird replies. “It's such a beautiful story， ” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems. “There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.” In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good actions will follow. “If you don't have good values, you'll develop vices ( 恶劣行径 ) ， ” says Maathai. “And if we give in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment. ” That's the message of her new book. In 1971, Maathai received a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to call it after me， ” she says. WMI will pay more attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with the people， ” says Maathai. Planting trees is one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself， ” she says. 文章大意：本文是一篇报道。 保护环境人人有责， 文章主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai 保护环境的一些具体活动以及她关于保护环境的一些看法。 1Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird? AIt can create water from its beak. BIt helps the other animals run away. CIt tries its best to put out the fire. DIt finds out a way to save the forest. 答案： C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“I'm doing the best that I can”和第三段“. thinking of the world's environmental problems. There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird. ”可知， Maathai 对蜂鸟评价很高的 原因是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。 2Those who work for GBM are mainly _. Aenvironmental experts Bwomen villagers Cpeople who had good values Dpeople who love birds 答案： B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“. which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B项正确。 3Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai? AShe is from Japan. BShe received a Nobel Prize. CShe is a university teacher. DShe has always raised the hummingbird. 答案：B 细节理解题。 根据第四段第一句中“ In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。 4According to Wangari Maathai, _. Agood actions lead to good values Bpeople's values influence their actions Ceverybody has a possibility to develop vices Dpeople who have bad values may have good actions 答案： B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai 认为，如果你没有 好的价值观， 就会有不良行为； 如果我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会伤害自己， 破坏环境。 故 B项正确。 D (2015·西宁检测一) “People are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before ，”says Patsy Rowe，“ Manners_have_fallen_off_the_radar. ” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint about the noise.Here are some examples of rudeness. Some people prefer to do almost everything over the Internet.To them， dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds.When you have dinner with friends，you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone.We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news，so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with.What is worse，some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的 ) rude messages by e-mail. However，rudeness is never acceptable.Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with won t recognize you.If you have something awful to say， have the courage to face the person and say it，writ e a letter or an e-mail and sign it ，or forget it.Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting. We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings.Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.An important step is acknowledging our shortcomings.People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them. 【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。现代人比从前更加粗鲁。不过这不是科技的错，而是 人们自己的错。 人们不仅要看到别人的无礼行为，更应该欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这样才更有助 于改善人们粗鲁的行为。 1What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1? APeople can tell good from bad behavior. BRadar is able to observe human behavior. CPeople care little about their behavior. DRadar can be used to predict human behavior. 解析：选 C。 推理判断题。 阅读第一段可知， 本段主要说明了“ People are ruder today ”( 现 在的人们更加粗鲁) 这一观点。由此可以推知“Manners have fallen off the radar.”也是 在强调人们变得粗鲁这一事实。故选C项。其余选项与本段中心无关。 2Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _. Athey are becoming less patient Bthey are growing too independent Cthey have to handle many important messages Dthey have to follow an evolutionary step backward 解析：选 A 。细节理解题。 根据第二段第二、 三句“ To them，dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds. ”可知，一些人认为，与科技相比，和人打交道就像是在退化，速度太慢。这 是这些人没有耐心的表现。由此可知， A项正确。 B项意为“他们变得太独立”；C项意为“他 们有许多重要信息需要处理”；D项意为“他们不得不跟着退化”，都不符合原文意思。 3The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _. Aridiculous Bdisgusting Cacceptable Dreasonable 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“What is worse， some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的 ) rude messages by e-mail.”中“ What is worse ”( 更糟糕的是) 以及第三段最后一句“ Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.”中“ cruel ”和“ disgusting”可知，作者认为给别人发匿名粗鲁的信息是无礼 的表现，是令人厌恶的。故选B项。 A项意为“可笑的”；C项意为“可接受的”；D项意为 “合理的”，都不符合原文内容。 4What can we learn from the last paragraph? AWe should applaud good behavior. BTechnology can never be blamed. CWe should keep pointing out mistakes. DTechnology will take over our lives one day. 解析：选 A。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中“but it would be even more helpful if we d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them”可知，作者认为如果我 们能够更多地欣赏别人的礼貌行为，这对于改变现在人们粗鲁的表现将更有帮助。由此可知， A项正确，意为“我们要赞扬礼貌的行为”。根据本段第一句“We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings. ”可知， B项中“ never”说法过于绝对；根据最后一句 可知， C项错误，我们应该指出别人的粗鲁之处，但更要欣赏别人的礼貌之处；根据本段第二 句“Technology is .but we should not allow it to take over our lives.”可知，D 项错误。 E Children have their own rules in playing games.They seldom need a referee(裁判 ) and seldom trouble to keep scores.They dont care much about who wins or loses,and it doesnt seem to worry them if the game is not finished.Yet,they like games that depend a lot on luck,so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared.They also enjoy games that move in stages,in which each stage,the choosing of leaders,the picking-up of sides,or the determining of which side shall start,is almost a game in itself. Grown-ups can hardly find childrens games exciting,and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again.However,it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons.He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person,and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid.He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn.He can be confident,too,in particular games,that it is his place to give orders,to pretend to be dead,to throw a ball actually at someone,or to kiss someone he has caught. It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control.Everyone knows the rules,and more importantly,everyone plays according to the rules.Those rules may be childish,but they make sure that every child has a chance to win. 1.What is TRUE about children when they play games? A.They can stop playing any time they like. B.They can test their personal abilities. C.They want to pick a better team. D.They don t need rules. 答案 :A 解析 : 由第一段中的“ Theydon tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.”可知, 孩子们对游戏的结果以及是否结束并不 在意 , 说明孩子们玩的游戏随时都可中止。 2.To become a leader