1、ContentsForewordIntroductionv2 Scope13 Normativereferences14 Termsanddefinitions15 SyinboiSandabbreviatedterms9Basicconceptsofdistributedapp1.ications105.1 Introductiontodistributedapp1.ications105.2 NamingconceptsforDistributed-App1.icationFaci1.ities(DAFs)115.3 5Eentsf)yfemSstributed-App1.icationf
2、aci1.ity(DAF)115.3.2 DAFsecurityprincip1.es135.3.3 CommonDistributed-ApphcationProtoco1.(CDAP)136Introductiontodistributedmanagementsystems(DMSs)166.1 Genera1.166.2 NetworkManagementDMS(NM-DMS)166.3 NppiirSpiacManagcmentDMS(NSMfNMKpMS).186.5 D1.Fa1.1.ocator196.51(Jene1.*a1.9U-JDistributedInterProces
3、sCommunicationFundamenta1.structure227.1Distribu1.ed-IPC-Faci1.ity(DIF)227.1.Overview-222311aMIFS7.D7.1.37.1.4Htersp11)d三5511nectionsDIFsecurityDrineiDIeS.23247.1.5IPCcomponents25AnnexA(informative)BasicconceptsofdistributedsystemsBib1.iographyISO/IEC4396-1.:2023(E)INTERNATIONA1.STANDARDTe1.ecommuni
4、cationsandinformationexchangebetweensystemsRecursiveinter-networkarchitecture一Referencemode1.1Scopedescribes： distributedmanagementsystems(DMSs); NormativeInter-ProcessFaci1.ity(DIF)operations.ThereTermsanddefinitionsinthisdocument.Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thefo1.1.owingtermsanddefinitionsapp1.y
5、 ISOOn1.inebrowsingp1.atform:avai1.ab1.eat1.tpswwwisoFgobp3.1addressNotcassignctr)：faci1.itatcaddncssuscfu1.ncssunambiguousopcrationoftheDIF,(an1.1.ocationdcpentD1.F).11isidentifiercan3.2 app1.icationconnectionexchangedentry：App1.icationsharedunderstandingbetweenthroughAEsrestab1.ishmentproceedtoth
6、ewhichtransferphase,istheresponsibi1.ityofcommondistributedapp1.icationprotoco1.(CDAP)(3.18).CQrHbdicaterfetorth1.di)hfotear4th(!ia1.objoftHcivoikntsdMtctfnbue义EtihgOb心M.wdittiujscpcOfthat1.ayurcurrent1.yina1.ayer.WhichmeaningisintendedIsgenera1.1.yc1.earfromthecontext.Whenthescopeofanameornamespace
7、isrefenedtoas,g1.obathisimp1.iesthatnamespaceisnotasubsetofanyotherWj1.ib1.yoftenhedefinitionsbe(f1.te1.1.1.JBiWYfractpiiatic.theyre1.ateto1.et191,ifthenameaisunambiguousinthescopeofA.thenthereisnootherboundorunboundoccurrenceofthenameainA.AnyreferencetoainthecontextofAwi1.1.yie1.dthesameobject.NoWc
8、onsideranotherconfiguration.TheremaybeanoccurrenceofainBwhere91)3=suchthatareferencetoawi1.1.notyie1.dthesameobjectasareferencetoainthescopeofA.Forexamp1.e,aname情节beb(Ma映TO丽飘5被除hins4醍i三m屣阁师hismeaW1.8r1.aytWieesamerank.Thesamestringcanbeassignedtodifferentobjectsas1.ongastheyareindifferentnamespacesa
9、ssociatedwithdifferentscopes.Forexamp1.e,thereisatendencytobe1.ievethattheaddressce5由tfqWfi袖1.rfif臃陷nges.32-1)e1.ements,when,infact;thereareanumberofho1.esinAcomparisonofthescopeofonenamespacebeing1.argerorsma1.1.erthananother,comparesthe眼2!能沿潞踞脸廨除sadfi盟羹$*a瞰N耨ve.d也删;T蹄由他战艇四ACeaSe.addressspacehasA.2
10、3Namesofsetsofnames(orWhateVerCaStnames)Inadditiontothefirstordernamesdefinedabove,theremaybesecondordernamesofsetsofbound酬handKRtuttiiMipRpfaItdtnrmoretW%nehniceeapp1.iedfunctionofthepropertiesoftheobjectsnamed.Tobemoreprecise,1.etaset0；Sbegiventhe区幅icMttdbjM帕南Iftnw)附领!N洲供er,embed%由tsoneissopreva1
11、ent,itwi1.1.beusedinthisdocument.Commonexamp1.esOf1.ocatinganobjectbyusinghintsinthenameare:memoryaddresses,whichindicatewhereinmemoryawordis；34Therc1.ationtoof1.PC.arosebecamcdeardiscussionstoUnderstandwasprecisenatureimportantapp1.icationandapp1.icationsusingConsideredapp1.icationprotoco1.,andcas
12、ewasthattheapp1.icationthatcommunicationwasafbund,andtherestindicatetheafewbitsofthepage;知：ir&fempn网沏Thkhtpapm丽theuFWCcimiEn1.etTdmtonM即式SAHIkaQqIPH曲DRtrd(晔)MrtfCitsMgetheThehierarchyimposedina1.1.ofthesecasesindicatesobjectsthatare4*neaeachotherintermsofthespednmeipac.riceat1.ivebu8xminmsp3!drs4(rw
13、artainingthereshareecificassociatedwithapp1.icationswiththedistinctionsre1.atingtonaminginonewayoranother:b)Anapp1.icationprocessi.e.thePotentia1.sheI1.-IikeinstantiateaSpecifictheapp1.icationtheapp1.icationprocessingSatisfactoiy.thisppiication-Processwherecommunicationnameofanyinstanceapp1.icationa
14、pp1.icationis1.e.thebott1.eneckandcaniscomp1.icatctheusesameasain1.brary,rathersing1.eprocessthata1.1.usersshou1.dgothrough.ShNy鼻牌3tf.app1.icabereference副刖i6p激帔碗粕2Rga卅IyM例t再的唱制6HpiMoroutputandhenceservenopurpose.36.3.1describedthegenera1.theory,however,mostofitisnotneededbecausethereareon1.ythreewri
15、te,(andTheinverses),inmaybeprotoco1.s*arere1.atedthetheyread/andcontro1.ofthesequencingandpara1.1.e1.ismofoperations,orcommonsequencesofoperations.Thisismorethedomainofprogramming1.anguagesthancommunicatingremoteoperations.Theotherthef1.owiswhethertheuseoftherequestedprotoco1.orHence,wewcassumeThere
16、ison1.yoneapp1.icationprotoco1.anditisstate1.ess.ifthereison1.yconnectionpeerAEsistohavethesetofTheprimaryforofcreatingonthisconnection,i.e.itisaccesscontro1.A1.1.thanisaon1.yofthecorrespondents.SharednotAEti.e.mu1.tip1.eprotoco1.si.e.distributedapp1.ications.Tocommunicate,theAEshou1.dexchangeinform
17、ationwithitspeer.Todothis,itgeneratesSDUsviaanAPItopasstheSDUtoitspeer.Whi1.ewetoon1.ythattheonedoesrequirethatison1.yonebeandAnyareProtoco1.thatobeystheru1.escanbeusedwiththisMode1.andthespecificationsderivedfromit.InPartiCuIar,1.egacyapp1.icationprotoco1.scanbesupportedinthismode1.andwi1.1.beconsi
18、deredaccommodatedbythisdeckpointrecovery,or1.egacyTherehasbeenatendencyinComputerSciencetota1.kaboutapp1.ications,services,etc.Terms1.ikethata1.1.havebeenandtorefertoofa1.1.setsof(PDUs)betweenHereadonebyview1.ocusofprocessingistaken,whichthisdocumentreferstoasanApp1.ication-Process.A1.1.processingso
19、oneror1.atershou1.dreso1.vetoasing1.e1.ocusofprocessing.Thefo1.1.owingarethevarioustermsa)Anapp1.icationistheprogramanddatarequiredtoinstantiateanapp1.icationprocessonanyprocessingsystem.Thisrepresentson1.ythepotentia1.tocreateanapp1.icationprocess.onprocessingSyStemjSashe1.1.ortotaskcaninvokenameof
20、as1.ocusofandcausetheprogramtobecreated.Anapp1.icationprocessdoesnotneedtoberunningtobereferencedonasystem.Thisdefinitionissometimesca1.1.edanapp1.icationprocesstypeorc1.ass.FromanIPCpointviewrAntheNameIs,effect,thewiththeofa1.1.oftheprocessinstancesseed)be1.owthatmayexistonaspecificprocessingsystem
21、witharu1.ethatse1.ectsanyoneinstanceorcausesaninstancetobeinstantiatedontheprocessingsystem.TheIfa1.1.thcsearcprocessesofbyatypethatbcthiscaseofusingaprocessingnamefortheset.Thisiswhatseemstobeca1.1.eda“service“inotherenvironments.ISO1EC4396-1.:2023(E)d) Anapp1.icationprocessinginstanceMu1.tip1.cact
22、ua1.executinginstanceapp1.icationapp1.icationprocessfai1.edcommunicationsystem.However,system.Simi1.ar1.y,exceptionsrimagineCommonreasonab1.erecoverywheree) theOS1.ismodc1.withinanApp1.ication-Processapp1.icationconccrnedprotocok.theinteractionswithermoref) E.App1.ication-PrQcessespossibIehandIeanAp
23、p1.ication-Processtohavemu1.tip1.einstancesofthesameA.3.4NamingOfApp1.ication-Proccsscs(APs)andApp1.icationEntities(AEs)practica1.terms,spacegenera1.1.y*g1.oba*g1.oba1.,*meaningdefinedbyisthenamedistributeddatabasesthattherestrings.mu1.tip1.e)s*g1.obarnameconstraintTheremaximumg1.oba1.*namespacestak
24、enfromthesamerequirementmarthereapp1.iedtodisjointoneover1.appingSetsmeansApp1.ication-Processes.Caredifferentcontextreso1.vinganame.Badthingsnamehappenaifnamesbe1.ongs.reso1.vedusershou1.dbecontext.ofhisSameApp1.ication-ProcessspacesshouIdbebeassignedtonamesameApp1.ication-Processassynonyms.Namesst
25、ructuremayexhibituser-interfacecandesign.exp1.oitettnPrinstajMWn1.mOncasesseentodaygenera1.1.ynotnEataskEswererough1.yequiva1.entthatiswithAnAPhaveoneiPC.InAEs.Aswesawabove,differentAEswou1.ddefineaccesstodifferentsetsofobjectsandcapabi1.iti7withintheApp1.ication-Process.HencerAEnamesarerequiredforA
26、Psthatsupportmu1.tip1.eAEs.Tobecomp1.ete,thatformu1.tip1.eusershaveanEIforeachone.ThescopeofanAPnamespaceisarbitraryandsubjecttothediscretionofitscreators.ThescopeoftheAPnametheisscopeofca1.1.ednamespaceistherenochainofspacewithgreaterscope.Incanbeusedtoreso1.vethename,itisthechainofdatabases,notthe
27、namespaceorthegrammarforconstructingnames,thatdeterminesthescope.Sincetherecanbemu1.tip1.enon-intersectingchains,setOfcanbeThereno1.ogica1.spaces,onitscanbet,osize.Whi1.eitmayseemusefu1.thattherebeasing1.eg1.oba1.APnamespace,thereisnoarchitectura1.namespacesthatbebeoneandon1.yorandthereisnoofenforce
28、this.Namesforshou1.dbetakentoensurethata1.1.usersofthenameareusingthesamemethodstoreso1.vethem.NamesassignedtoanAPfromdifferentAPnamespacesarcsimp1.yaspecificcaseofa1.1.owingsynonyms.HowevcrrtheIoca1.forsystemshou1.dknowtowhichcanspaceareTheinthewrongawaretherequirementmaybesufficient1.yonerousthats
29、omeincarnationsdonota1.1.owit.Anothernamemayboundathefromsomenameatcreation.Thefromtheofthesenamespacesdependsontheirscope.Indomainsofsma1.1.scope,theymaybesimp1.eandf1.at.Fordomainswith1.argescope,theymaybehierarchica1.(orsomeotherorganization).ThesenamespacesismatterofthatbeHereinon1.yuse.Howiswit
30、hthekindsOfiSnameStotheirproperties,andthere1.ationsamongthem.moreprecise1.yhaveinJonShoch,sofbeing5,thePnamespaceshou1.dbetermsrthenameindicateswhat,whi1.ethenetworkaddressindicateswhere.Formostapp1.ications,itdoesnotmatterwheretheyare,butthereareafewforwhichitdoesmatter.Forexamp1.e,thenameofaprint
31、erusefu1.Thereisnotowheretheprinterfact,thesametoken,reasoncanitona1.1.app1.ications.Above,itwasarguedthata1.1.identifiersincomputingspecifya1.ocationinacontext.Thisisnotacontradiction,butanindicationofourimprovedunderstanding.App1.icationnamesareusednamespacethatnamesare1.ocationufortoputdifferenne
32、ar,fromthepointofviewoftheuser.forIPCisanon1.ythingthatofthesuppor1.edeasi1.y,themostandperhapstheAE.Itisrequestspossib1.etorequestIPCwithaspecificinstanceofanApp1.ication-Process.Therearesituations,suchasrecoveryorcertain1.ong-1.ivedprocesses,wheretheinitia1.requestwi1.1.requirecommunicationwithaparticu1.arinstanceoneitheranApp1.ication-ProcessorAE,orboth.Simi1.ar1.y,thecurrentarchitecturesdonnectsupportathe自Pr
