【优质文档】七年级英语下册语法总结.pdf

学习必备欢迎下载 七年级英语下册语法总结 一、一般现在时 1. 构成：主语 +动词+其他 2. 标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。 3. 否定句： 1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等在其后加 not e.g. I cant play football. 2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt 后跟动词原形 e.g. I dont like football. She doesn t like football. 4. 疑问句： 1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等将其提前 e.g. Can you swim? 2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原 形。e.g. Does she like football? 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、现在进行时 1. 构成：主语 +be+doing+其他 2. 动词动词 -ing 变化规律： 1）一般情况下直接加 -ing, eg. Working 2）以不发音 e 结尾的去 e 加-ing, eg. Taking 3） 以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节， 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ing, eg. Stopping 4）特殊变化 , lielying 3. 标志词： look, listen, now, at the moment, itsoclock 4. 否定句： be 动词后加 not e.g. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句：将 be 动词提前 e.g . Is she listening to music? 6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句e.g What is she doing now? 三、将来时 1. 构成：主语 +be going to+动词原形主语will动词原形 2. 标志词： tomorrow, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句： be 动词后加 not；will 后加 not e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将 be 动词提前；将 will 提前 e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow? What will you do tomorrow? 四、过去时 1. 构成：主语 +动词过去时 +其他 2. 标志词： yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last 等 3. 动词动词过去式变化规律： 1）一般动词结尾加 -ed, e.g. Walk walked 2）以字母 e 结尾的动词加 - d, e.g. Live-lived 学习必备欢迎下载 3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ed, e.g. Hurryhurried 4） 以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节， 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed, eg. Stop stopped 特殊变化详见课本P172 4. 否定句： 1）动词 be 过去式后直接加 not e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didnt 后跟动词原形 e.g. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday. 5. 疑问句： 1) 动词 be 过去式提前 e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year? 2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形 e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday? 6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句e.g What did you do yesterday? 五、形容词、副词比较级，最高级 1. 形容词 （1）在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody 时，要放于其后。e.g. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious. (2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。 e.g. This kind of dress is expensive. (3) 以 a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room. (4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。e.g. The good news makes us very happy. 2. 副词 副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放 在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词 一般放在句末或句首； 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。e.g. I cant hear you clearly. 3. 比较级用法 （1）可以单独使用eg. I hope to do better in English. （2）和 than 一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao. （3）其他几种用法 a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which + be+比较级，A or B? e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily? b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级 +than any other+n.+比较级范围（in/of） =比较级 +than any of the others+ in/of =比较级 +than the other+n.+in/of (在同一范围内比较 ) 比较级 +than any + n.+ in/of (在两个不同范围内比较 ) e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. c. 越来越怎么样？比较级 +and+比较级 e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用the+形容词比较级 +of the two eg. My mother is the busier of the two. e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still 等 学习必备欢迎下载 4. 最高级用法用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较，形容词的最高级前 必须加定冠词 the,副词前的 the 可以省略。 a. 最高级 +范围 eg. Changjian is the longest river in China. b. 主语+be+one of the+ 形容词最高级 +名词复数 +比较级范围（of/in 短语） ， 表示 最的之一。eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China. c. 主语+be+the+序数词 +形容词最高级 +单数名词 +比较范围，表示是 的第几。eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 八年级上册语法复习 一、行为动词的一般过去时 1、过去式的构成规则 （1）一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed. 如： want wanted （2）以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，去掉e 再加 -ed. 如： hopehoped （3）重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed. 如： stop stopped （4）以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词改y 为 i，再加 -ed. 如：studystudied 注意：不规则动词变 化，要逐一熟记。 2、实义动词过去式的句式。 肯定式：主语+动词过去式 +其它。 如： They had a good time yesterday. 否定式： 主语 +did not（didnt）+动词原形 +其它。如：They didnt watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did+主语 +动词原形 +其它？ 肯定回答： Yes ，主语 +did. 否定回答： No，主语 +didnt. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago？Yes，they did. / No ，they didn t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语 +动词原形 +其它？如： What time did you finish your homework ？ 3一般过去时的用法： a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。 My father worked in Shanghai last year. b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与 often， always 等表示频度的时间状语连用。 I often went to school on foot. c.与 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用。When he got home ，he had a short rest. 4一般过去时的时间状语：a moment ago （刚才），yesterday morning ，last night/ week ， 学习必备欢迎下载 the day before yesterday （前天），just now（刚才），in 2006, three days ago 等 对应练习： 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday. 2. She_ ( play ) football last week. 3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now. 4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday. 5. I _ ( see ) Jack in the zoo last weekend. 6. I _ (do) my homework last night 7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow. 8. I _ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning. 9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week. 10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday. 句型转换 1. I went to the party last Friday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ to the party last Friday? 2. I had a nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ nice time last Sunday? 3. We went to London two years ago. （对划线部分提问）_ _ you_ to London? 4. He did his homework in the morning. （改为否定句）He_ _ his homework in the morning. 二、现在完成时 谓语构成：助动词have / has +动词的过去分词用法： （1） 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already (已经 ), ever (曾经 ),yet ,just (刚刚 ),before (以前 ) 等词连用。 （2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。标志词： （1）just，never，ever， already， yet 等 （2）for 一段时间； since点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时（3）so far(到 目前为止 )；in the past/last 表示一段时间的词语各种句式结构： 肯定式：主语 +have/has+过去分词 +其他e.g I have lived here for ten years. Lucy has lived here since 2001. 否定式：主语 +havent/hasn t+过去分词 +其他e.g They havent had breakfast yet. 一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他？e.g Have you ever been to Beijing? 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +have/has+主语 +过去分词 +其他？e.g How long has he lived here? 练 习： 写出下列动词的过去分词形式： 1、 see2、 hear3、study 4、stop5、 write 6、teach 7、 catch 8、 go9、 play 10、live 11、make12、forget (一)考查现在完成时的一般用法 ( )1 Kitty, will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening? No， I won tI_it already Asaw Bhave seen Csee Dwill see ( )2.Gone with the Wind is a well known novel She_ it twice Aread Bis 学习必备欢迎下载 reading Creads D has read ( )3 How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changed （二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式 ( )1 OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new? No，I_ it since two years ago. Ahad Bhave had Cbought Dhave bought ( )2Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend He_it for a week Ahas borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D lend ( )3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hourAhas left Bhas gone C. has been away D. has gone away (三)考查 havehas been to，havehas gone to 与 have has been in 的区别 ( )1 Where's your father? He_ ShanghaiHell be back next week Ahas gone to Bhas been to C have gone to Dhave been to ( )2 Where is David? He_to England on business Ais going Bhas gone Chas been Dgoes ( )3. _ you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twice AHave; gone BHave; been CDo；go D Were; going (四)考查 for 与 since 接时间状语时的区别 ( )1 What a nice dog! How long have you had it? -_two yearsAFor BSince C. In ( )2Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993 A. for Bat Cin Dsince (五)考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ( )1-He has already gone to England -When_ he_ there? Awill; go B is; going Cdid; go Dhas; gone ( )2 Have you read this book? yes, I_it two weeks ago. Aam reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread (六)现在完成时在特定语境下的使用 ( )1 Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can? Yes ，but I fewer mistakes than I usually do Awas making B have made Cwill make Dhad made ( )2 Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_ Ais winning Bwins Cwill win Dhas won ( )3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years. So he can speak quite good English. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns ( )4. The film_for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began ( )5. You don t have to describe her. I_her several times. A. had met B. have met C. meet D. met ( )6. Miss Yang is not at home. She_to the school library. A. went B. has been 学习必备欢迎下载 C. goes D. has gone ( )7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._? A. hasnt he B. has he C. does he D. doesn t he 三、过去进行时 谓语构成 : was/were+ 现在分词V-ing 用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态时间状语： at this time yesterday （昨天这个时候） at that time last week （上周那个时候）at nine yesterday evening （昨晚九点时） from seven to ten last night（昨晚从七点到十点） 等， when 或 while 引导时间状语从句的主、 从复合句。 e.g I was reading a newspaper when he came in 他进来时，我正在看报。 While I was walking home, I met Mr Green. 我步行回家时遇到了格林先生. My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking. 妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。 注： while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。 各种句式结构 : 肯定式：主语 +was/ were +v-ing + 其它 e.g He was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉。 否定式：主语 + waswere not +v- ing+ 其它 e.g They werent planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九点他们不在植树。一般疑问 句： WasWere+主语 +v-ing +其它 ? e.g Was he playing football when you rang me? 你打电话给我时 他正在踢足球吗? 特殊疑问 句: 疑问词 +waswere+主语 +v -ing +其它 ? e.g What was Peter doing at this time last week? 上周这个时候彼特在于什么? 练习： 用 was/were 填空 : 1、Ilistening to the music. 2、Sheplaying the piano. 3、Theylooking at the flowers. 4、Wehaving a picnic. 5、Lingling watching TV. 6、Two boysreading book. 7、Your uncle and aunt visiting the Great Wall. 8 、Everyone having lunch. 9、Peopleworking on the farm. 10、Some women singing pop music. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning 2.They_ (play)football when I passed 3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk 4._they _ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in? 5. The students _ (1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching 。 四、反意疑问句语法归纳 1、概念：当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一 个简短问句， 称为反意疑问句。 意义：相当于中文的“, 对吧 /是吧 ?” 构成：陈述句 +简短问句【助动词/系动词 be/ 情态动词 +主语（代词）】 规律：陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的，简短问句就用肯定形式； （前肯后否，前否后肯）。 学习必备欢迎下载 2、祈使句用于反意疑问句中 这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。 句型 1: Lets+动词原形 +其它，shall we? 例：Lets go for a walk, shall we? 而Let us go for a walk, will you? 句型 2:其它形式的祈使句，will you? Come into the classroom, will you? Please be careful, will you? Don t panic（恐慌） ,will you? 注意： There be 句型 1There is an old picture on the wall, isn t there? 2. There aren t any children in the room, are there? 3.There wasn t a telephone call for me, was there? 4There were enough people to pick apples, werent there? 5There will be a basketball match tomorrow, wont there? 值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上not ） ， 而是用上了never, little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 You have never been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? There is little milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothing, could he? 练习： 完成下列反意疑问句： 1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _? 2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _? 3.He has few friends at school,_ _? 4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _? 5.You can t dance to jazz,_ _? 6.They weren t at the concert,_ _? 7.Let s stop writing,_ _? 8.Don t be late,_ _? 五、动词不定式 动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一 种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原 形， to 为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。 2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定 语、表语及同位语等。 （一） 、动词不定式作主语 ( ) 1. It's hard for us _English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning ( )2. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to 简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式 )置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词 (of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词 (for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语 (for sb)to do sth. 句式 (1)中常用 nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong ， foolish， careless 等形容词， 与介词of 搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard， difficult ， easy， important 等形容词，与介词for 搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性 质。 （二） 、动词不定式作宾语 ( )1. He wants _ some vegetables. 学习必备欢迎下载 A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys ( )2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking ( )3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep 简析在want ， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语 时，则可以用it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。 （三） 、动词不定式作宾语补足语 ( )1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with B. C. to help with D. helps him with ( )2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow 等。 （四） 、动词不定式作状语 ( )1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing ( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 简析 go， come， try， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以 接不定式作目的状语。( )3. I'm sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. I'm sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ( )5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets 简析 be +形容词 + to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。 （五） 、动词不定式作定语 ( )1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with 简析 不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系 或动宾关系； 如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语 动词相当于及物动词。 （六） 、不带 to 的动词不定式 ( )1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered ( )2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel ( )3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better_. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up 简析 1.在 see， watch， hear， feel 等感官动词和make， have， let 等使役动词后面 作宾语补足语的不定式不带to. 学习必备欢迎下载 2.在 had better 后面接不带to 的不定式。 （七） 、动词不定式的否定形式 ( )1. The old man told the child _ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not ( )2. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. A. have， not to be B. have， not be C. be， not to be D. be ， not be 简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to 的前面加上not ，如果是不带to 的 不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not. （八） 、 某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别( )1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has ( )2. Why didn't you buy some bre