2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(含答案).pdf

2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分） 做题时， 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节（共5 小题：每小题1.5 分，满分7.5 分） 听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题屮所给的A、B、 C 三个选项屮选出最佳 选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话 仅谈一遍。 例： How much is the shirt? A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15. 答案是 C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She s generous. B. She s curious.C. She s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How docs the woman go to work? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节（共15 小题：每小题1.5 分，满分22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独內。 每段对话或独A 后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟：听完 后，各小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第6、7 题。 6. What does the woman regret? A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now? A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry. 听第 7 段材料，回答第8、9 题。 8.What is the man? A.A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. 52 C. A taxi driver. 9.What is the man doing for the woman? A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第 8 段材料，冋答第10 至 12 题。 10. Where docs the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening? A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going to call? A.Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine. 听第 9 段材料，回答第13 至 16 题。 13.Why does the woman meet the man? A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together. 14. What does the woman like about the carpet? A. Its color. B. Its design. C.Its quality. 15. What does the man say about the kitchen? A. It s a good size.B. It s newly painted.C.It s adequately equipped. 16. What will the woman probably do next? A.Go downtown. B. Talk with her friend. C.Make payment. 听第 10 段材料，回答第丨7 至 20 题。 17. Who is the speaker probably talking to? A. Movie fans. B. News reporters. C. College students. 18. When did the speaker take English classes? A. Before he left his hometown. B. After he came to America. C. When he was 15 years old. 19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher? A. He s proud.B. Hes sympathetic. C. He s grateful. 20. What does the speaker mainly talk about? A. How education shaped his life. B. How his language skills improved. C. How he managed his business well. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分） 第一节（共15 小题：每小题2 分，满分30 分） 阅淡下列短文，从每題所给的A、B、 C 和 D 叫个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route ( 路线） make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 21. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights. B Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tcbbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she s been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “ We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant.” she explains. “ I pay 5 for a portion (份)，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series ( 系列节目 ) Save Money: Good Food , follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme. C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family. 25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids. C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her. 26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less C Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by Hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 联系 ) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese arc increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1.000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位 数） of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡 )， with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number. C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected. 29. Which of the following best explains “ dominant ” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem. 30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200. 31. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created. B. People s lifestyles are reflected in languages. C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution. D We may think we re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置） well after they go out of style. That s bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007. As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “ The living- room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We re not just keeping these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放） more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. So what s the solution (解决方案 )? The team s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. 32. What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly. 33. Why did Babbitt s team conduct the research? A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. 34. Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer. 35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 第二节（共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分） 根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Color is fundamental in home design - something you ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you ll love to live in. Do you want a room that s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ，they can get a little complex. But good news is that there re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 _ . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you re looking for C. If you re experimenting with a color D. Small color choices arc the ones we re most familiar with E. It s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45 分） 第一节（共20 小题：每小题丨.5 分，满分30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “ free ” course, called Thinking Chess ，for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game's 46 . I could hardly wait to 47 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this