1、自考英美文学选读1(00604)汉语言文学专业应用必背单元Chapter 1 TheRenaissancePeriod2Chapter 2 TheNeoc1.assica1.Period6Chapter 3 heRomanticPeriod9Chapter 4 TheVictorianPeriod13Chapter 5 TheModernPeriod16Chapter1TheRenaissancePeriod1 .文艺宾兴的主要作家及其作品1) EdmundSpenser:TheFaerieQueene2) ChristopherMar1.owe:DrEaustusIambur1.ainc3)
2、 Wi1.1.iamShakcspcarc:HCnryIV;TheMerchantofVenice;Ham1.ci;Obc1.1.o;King1.ear;Macbeih;RomeoandJu1.iet.4) JohnDonne:TheSongsandSonnets：TheSunRising:Death.BeNo1.PrOUd5) JohnMi1.ton:Paradise1.ost:ParadiseRegained;SamsonAgonisttcs2 .文艺复兴TheRenaissanceisahistorica1.periodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkers
3、andscho1.arsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseo1.dfeuda1.istideasinmedieva1.Europe,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheear1.ychurchfo11nthecorruptionoftheRomanCaiho1.icChurch.3 .人文主义HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Itsprangfromtheendeavortorestor
4、eamedieva1.reverencefortheantiqueauthorsandisfrequent1.ytakenas(hebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,inte1.1.ectua1.side,fortheGreekandRomancivi1.izationwasbasedonsuchaconception(hatmanisthemeasureofa1.1.things.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresent1.ife,theyvoice
5、dtheirbe1.iefsthatmandidnoton1.yhaveherighttoenjoyiebeautyofthis1.ite,buthadtheabi1.itytoperfecthimse1.fandtoperformwonders.4 .玄学诗Thetermmetaphysica1.poetryiscommon1.yusedtonametheworkofthe17th-ccntur,writerswhowroteundertheinf1.uenceofJohnDonne.Witharebe1.1.iousspiritthemetaphysica1.poestriedtobrea
6、kawayfromtheconventiona1.fashionoftheE1.izabethan1.ovePoeIry.Thedictionissimp1.eascomparedwiththatoftheE1.izabethanortheNcoc1.assicperiods,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.Theimagcrj,isdrawnfromtheactua1.1.ife.Theformisfrequent1.ythatofanargumentwiththepoetsbe1.oved,withGod.orwithhimse1.f.
7、5 .莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向Shakespeare,asahumanistoft1.etime,isagainstre1.igiouspersecutionandracia1.discrimination,againstsocia1.inequa1.ityandtheCOrrUPtinginf1.uenceofgo1.dandmoney.Inhisp1.ays,hedoesnothesitatetodescribethecrue1.tyandanti-natura1.characterofthecivi1.wars,buthedidnotgoa1.1.thewayagainstthefeu
8、da1.ru1.e.Shakespeareisagainstre1.igiouspersecutionandracia1.discrimination,againstsocia1.inequa1.ityandthecorruptinginf1.uenceofgo1.dandmoney.ShakcspcarchasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewson1.iterature.Heho1.dsthat1.iteratureshou1.dbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshou1.dref1.ectnatureandrea1.
9、ity.A. Shakespearesviewson1.iterature:ShakespearehasacceptedtheRenaissanceviewson1.iterature.Heho1.dsthat1.iteratureshou1.dbeacombinationofbeauty,kindnessandtruth,andshou1.dref1.ectnatureandrea1.ity.Shakcspcarca1.sos1.atesthatIitcrarj-workswhichhavetru1.yref1.ectednatureandrea1.itycanreachimmort;dit
10、y.B. ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare,scharactes:Shakespearesmajorcharactersareneithermere1.yindividua1.onesnorIyPeones：theyarcindividua1.srepresentingcertaintypes.EachcharacterhashisOrherownpersona1.ities;meanwhi1.e,theymaysharefeatureswithothers.C. ThecharacteristicsOfShakespeare,sp1.ot:Shakespeare
11、sp1.aysarewe1.1.-knownfortheiradroitp1.otconstruction.Shakespearese1.dominventshisownp1.ots;instead,heborrowsthemfromsomeo1.dp1.aysorstor,books,orfromancientGreekandRomansources.D. ThecharacteristicsofShakespeares1.anguage:Itisnecessaryiostudythesubt1.estofhisinstruments(he1.anguage.Shakespearecanwr
12、iteski1.1.fu1.1.yindifferentpoeticfo11n,1.ikethesonnet,theb1.ankverse,andtherhymedcoup1.et.Hehasanamazingwea1.thofvocabu1.aryandidiom.Hiscoinageofnewwordsanddistortionofthemeaningoftheo1.donesa1.socreatestrikingeffectsonthereader.3.莎士比亚的四大悲剧：Shakespearesgreatesttragediesarc:Ham1.et,Othe1.1.o.King1.e
13、ar,andMacbcih.Theyhavesomecharacteristicsincommon.Eachportrayssomenob1.ehero,whofacestheinjusticeofhuman1.ifeandiscaughtinadifficu1.tsituationatuiwhosefateisc1.ose1.yconnectedwiththefateoftheWho1.eaction.Eachherohashisweaknessofnature.Withtheconcentrationonthetragichero,wesecthesharpconf1.ictsbetwee
14、ntheindividua1.andtheevi1.forceinthesociety,whichshowsthatShakespeareisagreatrea1.istinthetruesense.Ham1.ettheme1.ancho1.icscho1.ar:O1.he1.Iosinnerweaknessismadeuseofbytheoutsideevi1.force;theo1.dKing1.earwhoisunwi1.1.ingtotota1.1.ygiveuphispower;andMacbeths1.ustforpowerstirsuphisambitionand1.eadshi
15、mtoincessantcrimes.4,邓恩诗歌的主题、意向.1.oveisthebasictheme.DOnneho1.dsthatthenatureof1.oveistheunionofsou1.andbody.Theperfectionofhuman1.overswi1.1.notbemadewithsou1.sa1.one.Thisthoughtisquitecontrarytothemedieva1.1.oveideawhichmere1.yputstressonspiritua1.1.ove.Donne,sinterest1.iesindramatizingandi1.1.ust
16、ratingthestateofbeingin1.ove.5.戏剧E威尼斯商人的主题和主要人物的性格分析Inhisromanticcomedies,Shakespearetakesanoptimisticattitudetoward1.oveandyouth,andtheromantice1.ementsarebroughtintofu1.1.p1.ay.Themostimportantp1.ayamongthecomediesisTheMerchantofVenice.Thesophisticationderivesinpartfromthep1.aybetweenhigh,outgoing
17、romanceanddarkforcesOfnegativityandha1.e.T1.ietraditiona1.themeofthisp1.ayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidea1.izePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witand1.oya1.ty,andtoexposetheinsatiab1.egreedandbruta1.ityoftheJew.Comparedwiththeidea1.ismofotherp1.ays.TheMerchantofVenicetakesastepf
18、orwardinitsrea1.isticpresentationofhumannatureandhumanconi1.ict.,I1.ioughthereisaridicu1.oustouchonihcpartofthecharactersrestrainedbytheirIimiKUiOns,Shakespearesyouthfu1.Renaissancespiritofjo1.1.itycanbefu1.1.yseenincontrasttothemedieva1.emphasisonf1.urcIicinthenextwor1.d.6 .哈姆缶特的性格分析Ham1.ethasnoneo
19、f1.hcsing1.e-mindedb1.ood1.ustoftheear1.ierrevenger.Itisnotbecauseheisincapab1.eofaction,butbecausethecastofhismindissospecu1.ative,soquestioning,andsocontemp1.ativethataction,whenitfina1.1.ycomes,seemsa1.most1.ikedefeat,diminishingratherthanaddingtothestatureofthehere.Trappedinanightmarewor1.dofspy
20、ing,testingandp1.otting,andapparent1.ybearing1.hcinto1.erab1.ebu1.enofthedu1.ytorevengehisfathersdeath,Ham1.etisob1.igedtoinhabitashadowwor1.d,to1.ivesuspendedbetweenfactandfiction,1.anguageandaction.His1.ifeisoneofconstantro1.e-p1.aying,examiningthenatureofactionon1.ytodenyitspossibi1.ity,forheisto
21、osophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventiona1.ro1.eofastagerevenger.TheheroHam1.etinShakespearesp1.ayHam1.etisnotedforhishesitationtotakehisrevenge,hisme1.ancho1.ynatureofactionon1.ytodenypossibi1.itiestodoanything.Hecametoknowthathisfaiherwasmurderedbyhisunc1.ewhobecameking.Hehatedhimsodeep1.yt
22、hathewantedtoki1.1.him.Buthe1.ovedhiswidowedmotherwho1.atermarriedhisunc1.e,andhewasafraidtohurthismother.Anda1.so,wheneverythingwasreadyforhimtoki1.1.hisunc1.e,heforgavehimforhisunc1.ewasprayingtoGodforhiscrime.Thushe1.ostthegoodchance.Ham1.etrepresentedhumanismofhistime.7 .诗歌失乐园的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析Wor
23、kingthroughthetraditionofaChristianhumanism.Mi1.tonwroteParadise1.ost,intendingtoexposethewaysofSatanandtojustifythewaysofGodtomen.Atthecenteroftheconi1.ictbetweenhuman1.oveandspiritua1.duty1.iesMi1.tonsfundamenta1.concernwithfreedomandchoice;thefreedomtosubmittoGodsprohibitiononeating1.hcapp1.eandt
24、hechoiceofdisobediencemadefor1.ove.Eve.SedUCedbySatansrhetoricandherownconfusedanbition-aswe1.1.asthemerepromptingofhunger-fa1.1.sintoSinthroughinnocentcredu1.ity.Adamfa1.1.sbyconscious1.ychoosinghumanIovc11thcrthanobeyingGx1.Inthefa1.1.ofmanAdamdiscoveredhisfu1.1.humanity.Butmansfa1.1.istheseque1.t
25、oanotherandmorestupendoustragedy,thefa1.1.oftheange1.s.Thefreedomofthewi1.1.isthekeystoneofMi1.toiVscreed.Hispoemattemptstoconvinceusthattheunquestionab1.etruthofBib1.ica1.reve1.ationmeans(hatana1.1.-knowingGodwasjustina1.1.owingAdamandEvctobetemptedand.oftheirrccwi1.1.,tochoosesinanditsinevitab1.ep
26、unishment.And.thereby,itopensthewayforthevo1.untarysacrificeofChristwhichShOWedtheInerCyofGodinbringinggoodoutofevi1.Chapter2TheNeoc1.assica1.Period1 .新古典时期的作家及其作品1) JohnBunyan：2) A1.eXanderPope：3) Danie1.Defoe：4) JonathanSwift：5) HenryFie1.ding：eHistoryofJonathanWi1.dtheGreat6) Samue1.Johnson：7) Ri
27、chardBrins1.eySheridan：VrheSchoo1.forScanda1.8) ThomasGray：2 .启蒙运动T1.ieEn1.ightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveinte1.1.ectua1.movementwhichf1.ourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewho1.eWesternEuropeatihcti11.The11)vcmcntwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.Itspurposewastoen1.
28、ightenthewho1.ewor1.dwiththe1.ightofmodernphi1.osophica1.anda11isticideas.Theybe1.ievedthattheartisticidea1.sshou1.dbeorder,1.ogic,restrainedemotionandaccuracyandthat1.iteratureshou1.dbejudgedintermsofitsSCrViCCtohumanity.Theyseekproportion,unity,harmonyandgraceinIitcrarjexpressions,inanefforttode1.
29、ight,instructandcorrecthumanbeings.Thusapo1.ite,e1.egant,witty,andinte1.1.ectua1.artdeve1.oped.3 .新古典主义Inthefie1.dof1.iterature,theEn1.ightenmentMovementbroughtaboutareviva1.ofinterestintheo1.dc1.assica1.works.Thistendencyisknownasneoc1.a!sicism.ACCOrdingtoneoc1.assica1.period,a1.1.fo11nsof1.iteratu
30、reweretobeHtnde1.edafterthec1.assica1.worksoftheancientGreekandRomanWritCni(HomCrc1.c)andthoseftheCOn1.CmpOrUryFrenchones.Theybe1.ievedthattheartisticidea1.sshou1.dbeorder,1.ogic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthat1.iteratureshou1.dbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.4 .英雄双行诗Proseshou1.dbeprecise
31、direct,smthandf1.exib1.e:Poctrjshou1.dbeIyriCaI(抒情的).epica1.(叙事诗的.英雄的，有重大历史意义的.didactic,satiricordramatic,andeachc1.assshou1.dbeguidedbyitsownprincip1.es;Dramashou1.dbewrittenintheHeroicCoup1.eis(iambicpeniamcicrrhymedintwo1.ines);thethreeunitiesoftime,spaceandactionshou1.dbestrict1.yobserved;regu1
32、arityinconstructionshou1.dbeadheredto.andtypecharactersratherthanindividua1.sshou1.dberepresented.5 .英国现实主义小说T1.iemodernEng1.ishnove1.,which.CCnIrary1.othetraditiona1.romanceOfariJUOCrais,givesarea1.isticpresentationof1.ifeofthecommonEng1.ishpeop1.e.Thusthemostsignificantphenomenoninthehistoryofthe
33、deve1.opmentofEng1.ish1.iteratureintheeighteenthccntur）,一isanatura1.productoftheIndustria1.Revo1.utionandasymbo1.ofthegrowingimportanceandstrengthoftheEng1.ishmidd1.ec1.ass.6 .天国历程中“名利场”的寓懑T1.iePi1.grimsProgressisthemostsuccessfu1.re1.igiousa1.1.egoryintheEng1.ish1.anguage.Itspurposeistourgepeop1.et
34、oabide（v.遵守,坚持）byChristiandoctrinesandseeksa1.vationthroughconstantst11gg1.cswiththeirownweaknessesanda1.1.kindsofsocia1.evi1.s.Itisnoton1.yaboutsomethingspiritua1.buta1.sobearsmuchre1.evancetothetime.Itspredominantmetaphor（n寓意.隐喻）Iiteasajourneyissimp1.eandfami1.iar.7 .蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观点及其诗歌特色AnEssayonCr
35、iticism,thepoem，asacomprehensiveSIUdyofthetheoriesof1.iterarycriticism,exertgreatinf1.uenceuponPopesCOntCmPOrarywritersinadvocatingthec1.assica1.ru1.esandpopu1.arizingthencoc1.assicisttraditioninEng1.and.Thewho1.epoemiswritteninap1.ainsty1.e,hard1.ycontaininganyimageryore1.oquenceandthereforemakesea
36、syreading.Popesatirizeda1.1.sortsoffa1.se1.earningandpedantryin1.iterature,phi1.osophy,scienceandotherbranchesofknow1.edge.8 .鲁滨逊潦流记的特点Thea1.1.-powerfu1.inf1.uenceofmateria1.circumstancesorsocia1.environmentuponthethoughtsandactionsoftheheroortheheroineishigh1.ighted.Thestrugg1.eofthepoorunfortunate
37、formereexistence,mixedwiththeirdesireforgreatwea1.th,comesintoconf1.ictwiththesocia1.environmentwhichpreventsthemfromobtainingthegoa1.underno11na1.circumstancesandthusforcesthemintocrimina1.actionsorbo1.dadventures.Inmostofhisworks,hegavehispraisetothehard-working,sturdymidd1.ec1.assandshowedhissymp
38、athyforthedowntrodden,unfortunatepoor.Robinsonisherearea1.hero:atypica1.eighteenth-centur）Eng1.ishmidd1.e-c1.assman.withagreatcapacityforwork,inexhaustib1.eenergy,courage,patienceandpersistenceinovercomingobstac1.es,instrugg1.ingagainstthehosti1.enatura1.environment.Heisthevcr）,prototypc（n雏形，范例，原型）o
39、fIheempirebui1.der,thepioneerco1.onist.IndescribingRobinsons1.ifeontheis1.and.Defbeg1.orit1es（v赞美.美化）human1.aborandthePurian（n清教徒）fortiIUde（n刚/坚毅，不屈不挠）.whichsaveRobinsonfromdespairandarcasourceofprideandhappiness9 .格列佛游记的社会挖苦Asawho1.e,thebookisoneofthemosteITeciiveanddevastatingcriticismsandsatireso
40、fa1.1.aspectsinthethenEng1.ishandEuropean1.ifc-socia1.1.y,po1.itica1.1.y,re1.igious1.y,phi1.osophica1.1.y,scientifica1.1.y,andmora1.1.y.Itssocia1.significanceisgreatanditsexp1.orationintohumannatureprofound.T1.ieexaggeratedsma1.1.nessinPart1.worksjusaseffective1.yastheexaggerated1.argenessinPart2.th
41、esimi1.arities1.etweenhumanbeingsandthe1.i1.1.iputiansandthecontrastbetweentheBrobc1.ingnagiansandhumanbeingsboihbearreferencetoIhepossibi1.itiesofhumanstate.Part3,thoughseeming1.yabitrandom,furthersthecri1.icismoftheWeSICmcivi1.izationanddea1.swithdifferentma1.practicesandfa1.sei1.1.usionsaboutscie
42、ncephi1.osophy,historjandevenimmorta1.ity.The1.astpan,wherecomparisonismadethroughbothsimi1.aritiesanddifferences,1.eadsthereadertofunda11）enta1.question:Whatonearthisahumanbeing、10 .菲尔丁“故文体史诗Fie1.dingwasthefirsttosetout.bothintheoryandpractice,towriteSPeCifiCaHyacomicepicinrose,*.Headopted,tthethir
43、d-personnarration,inwhichtheauthorbecomesthea1.1.-knowingGod.HeFhinksthethoughtofa1.1.hischaracters,soheisab1.etoprcscn1.noton1.yIhcirexterna1.behavioursbuta1.sotheinterna1.workingsoftheirminds.Inp1.anninghisstories,hetriestoretainthegrandepica1.formofthec1.assica1.worksbutatthesametimekeepsfaithfu1
44、tohisrea1.isticresenaionofcommon1.ifeasitis.11 .格雷诗歌的主题与意象ItismoreCrIeSS（或多或少）connectedwith（heme1.ancho1.yeventofdeathOfRichardWest,Gray,sintimatefriend.Inthispoem.Grayrccctsondeath,thesorrowsof1.ife,andthemysteriesofhuman1.ifewithatouchofhispersona1.me1.ancho1.y.Thepoetcomparesthecommonfo1.kwithth
45、egreatones,wonderingwhatthecommonscou1.dhaveachievediftheyhadhadthechance.Hereherevea1.shissynahyIbrIhepoorandtheunknown,butmocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoc（nv破J不,i昆乱）onthem.Hispoems,asawho1.e,arcmost1.ydevotedcoasentimenta1.1.amentationornditationon1.ife,pastandpresent.Hispoemsarecha
46、racterizedbyanexquisitesenseofform.Hissty1.eissophisticatedanda1.1.usive.I1.ispoemsareoftenmarkedwiththetrait（n特征，特点ofahigh1.yartificia1.dictionandadistortedwordorder.Chapter3TheRomanticPeriod.浪漫主义时期的作家及其作品1) Wi1.1.iamB1.ake:SongsofExperienceSongsofInnoccncc2) MarriageofHeavenandHe1.1.3) Wi1.1.iamWo
47、rdsworth:T1.iePre1.udeComposeduponWesuninsterBridge4) 1.yrica1.Ba1.1.adsIWondered1.one1.yasaC1.oud5) TheSo1.itarj1Reaper6) Samue1.Tay1.orCo1.eridge:Kub1.aKhaneRimeoftheAnCien1.Mariner7) GeorgeGordonByron:DonJuanChi1.deHaro1.d,sPi1.grimage8) Songforthe1.uditcs9) PercyBysshcShc1.1.cy:ToaSky1.arkMenofEng1.and10) OdetotheWestWind11) JohnKeats:OdetoaNightinga1.eOdeonaGrecianUm12) JancAusten:PrideandPrejudice2 .浪漫主义Romanticismactua1.1.yconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouterwor1.dofsocia1.civi1.izationtotheinnerwor1.dofthehumanspiri
