1、医美皮肤美容检测VISIA常见问题VISIAComplexionAnalysisFrequentlyAskedQuestions1. Whatarethedefinitionsofthevariousskinfeaturesandhowarethefeaturesdetected?K各种特皮肤征的定义和如何检测？SurfaceSpots:SurfaceSpotsaretypicallybrownorredskinlesionsincludingfreckles,acnescars,hyper-pigmentationandvascularlesions.Spotsaredistinguisha
2、blebytheirdistinctcolorandcontrastfromthebackgroundskintone.Theyvaryinsizeandshape,andarenormallyvisibletothenakedeye.SurfaceSpotsarerepresentedinVISIA,s“whitelighf,image.表面斑点：斑点是棕色或红色的皮损，包括雀斑，座疮疤痕，色素沉着及血管病变。由其独特的颜色可以识别出来，而且和皮肤底色有着明显的区别。斑点大小不等，肉眼观察可以看到。表面斑点在VISIA的标准白光图像中显示。UVSpots:UVspotsoccurwhenme
3、laninisaccumulatedjustbelowtheskinsurfaceasaresultofsundamage.UVspotsmaynotbevisibleundernormallightingconditions.TheselectiveabsorptionoftheUVlightbytheepidermalmelaninenhancesitsdisplayanddetectionbyVISIA.紫外线色斑：黑色素在表皮下的凝集就会紫外线色斑，是皮肤受太阳损伤的结果。紫外线色斑在普通光照条件下可能是不可见的。表皮黑色素选择性吸收紫外线，紫外线会增强其显现，被VISIA检测到。Br
4、ownspots:BrownSpotsarelesionsonanddeeperwithintheskinsuchashyper-pigmentation,freckles,Ientigines,andmelasma.BrownSpotsoccurfromanexcessofMelanin.Melaninisproducedbymelanocytesinthebottomlayeroftheepidermis.BrownSpotsproduceanunevenappearancetotheskin,andaredetectedinVISIAbyRBX棕色斑点：棕色斑点反映皮表和深层如色素沉着、
5、雀斑、雀斑样痣、黄褐斑等皮损。当黑色素无节制分泌（过量分泌）时会出现棕色斑点。黑色素是由皮肤基底层黑色素细胞产生。棕色斑点在皮肤上表现为不均匀的分布，被使用RBX技术的VISIA检测到。RedAreas:RedAreascanrepresentavarietyofconditions,suchasacne,inflammation,Rosaceaorspiderveins.Bloodvesselsandhemoglobincontainedinthepapillarydermis,asub-layerofskin,givethesestructurestheirredcolor,whichis
6、detectedbytheRBXTechnologyinVISIA.Acnespotsandinflammationvaryinsizebutaregenerallyroundinshape.Rosaceaisusuallylargeranddiffusecomparedtoacne,andspiderveinsusuallyareshort,thinandcanbeinterconnectedinadensenetwork.红色区域：红色区域代表一系列的状况，如座疮，炎症，酒渣鼻或蜘蛛痣。血管和血红素存在于皮肤真皮乳头层中，赋予这些组织红颜色。血管和血红素被VlSIA的RBX技术检测到。座疮
7、斑点和炎症通常表现为圆形，但大小不同。与座疮相比，酒渣鼻通常较大和扩散；蜘蛛痣则通常表现为短、细小，相互连结成一个密集的网状物。Wrinkles:Wrinklesarefurrows,foldsorcreasesintheskin,whichincreaseinoccurrenceasaresultofsunexposure,andareassociatedwithdecreasingskinelasticity.Thisskinfeaturehasthegreatestvariabilityfromimagetoimageasitishighlydependentuponthefaciale
8、xpressionoftheclient.Wrinklesareidentifiedbytheircharacteristiclong,narrowshape.皱纹：皱纹是皮肤上的犁沟、折叠或皱褶，日晒会引起其增多，并与皮肤弹性降低有关。这种皮肤特征在图像上会有很大的变化，因为它是高度依赖于顾客的面部表情。皱纹的判别是依据其长而窄的形状。Texture:Textureisprimarilyananalysisofskinsmoothness.Texturemeasuresskincolorandsmoothnessbyidentifyinggradationsincolorfromthesur
9、roundingskintone,aswellaspeaks(showninyellow)andvalleys(showninblue)ontheskinsurfacethatindicatevariationsinthesurfacetexture.纹理：纹理主要是分析皮肤的平滑度。纹理是衡量肤色均匀度和平滑度的指标。依据肤色的渐变以及皮肤表面的峰(显示为黄色)和谷(蓝色显示)，从而作出判断。Pores:Poresarethecircularsurfaceopeningsofsweatglandducts.Duetoshadowing,poresappeardarkerthanthesurr
10、oundingskintoneandareidentifiedbytheirdarkercolorandcircularshape.TheVISIAsystemdistinguishesporesfromspotsbasedonsize;bydefinition,theareaofaporeismuchsmallerthanaspot.毛孔：毛孔是汗腺导管在皮表的圆形开口。由于阴影，毛孔的颜色看起来比周围的肤色深，根据它们较深的颜色和圆形的形状，而被识别。VISlA系统依据面积的大小来区分开毛孔与斑点；更准确的说，一个毛孔的面积比一个斑点的面积要小得多。Porphyrins:Porphyrin
11、sarebacterialexcretionsthatcanbecomelodgedinporesandleadtoacne.PorphyrinsfluoresceinUVlightandexhibitcircularwhitespotcharacteristics.叶琳：叶琳是细菌的代谢物，会堵塞毛孔导致座疮。吓琳在紫外线下会发出荧光，表现为白色圆点的特征。2. Whatfactorsinfluencetheresultsoftheimagesession?2.哪些因素会影响图像的分析结果？Anumberoffactorscontributetotheactualscoresgenerate
12、dbytheVISIAcomplexionanalysisalgorithms,includingtheconditionoftheskin(cleanedvs.freshmake-up,oldmake-up,time-of-day),headregistration(position)withinthebooth,facialexpression(particularlyforwrinkles),strayhair,glareareasresultingfromoilyskin,etc.PercentilescoresweregeneratedforsubjectswhoseskinwasC
13、leanedjustpriorimagingsession.Resultsmayvaryifmake-upisNOTremovedpriortoaclient*sVISIAsession.SeeCanfieldImagingSystems*applicationnotes3.5,ImprovingtheQualityandReproducibilityofCapturedImages.很多因素会影响到VISIA对皮肤实际评分，包括皮肤的状态(已清洁与刚化妆、长时间的妆、化妆次数)，头部在拍照小室的定位，面部表情(特别是测量皱纹)，杂散头发，油性皮肤造成的眩光区，等等。百分位数都是已经清洁后采集
14、的图像数据。如果在拍照前不进行卸妆，可能会影响分析结果。参考Canfield图像系统应用提示3.5,提高拍摄图像的质量和可重复性。3. Whatisthedefinitionforeachofthethreetypesofskinconditions?HowdoesVISIAusethisinformation?3.如何定义三种皮肤状态？VlSIA如何使用这些信息？11Clean11isdefinedasskinthathasbeenrecentlycleansedandwithoutmake-uporskinconditionersapplied,nFreshMake-up11isdefin
15、edasmake-uprecentlyapplied（roughlywithinthepasthour）,11Other11coversallothercases.Theskinconditionselecteddoesnotaltertheimagecaptureoranalysisproess.SkinConditionisrecordedintheclient1srecordforeachsessionandallowsscorestobeproperlyinterpretedifimageswerecapturedunderdifferentconditionssession-to-s
16、ession（i.e.,onetimewithcleanskin,thenexttimewithmake-up）.Also,imagesthatare11clean11canbeconsideredasvalidinputtofurtherbuildthedatabase.“已清洁”定义是皮肤刚刚做了清洗、不化妆、不使用护肤品，“刚化妆”定义是新化的妆（大约一小时内），“其他”包括所有其他情况。选择不同的皮肤状态不会对拍照或分析结果造成影响。皮肤状态信息被记录在顾客的档案中，如果每次拍照选择了不同的皮肤状态（例如一次选择了“已清洁”，下一次选择了“化妆”），便于对评分作出合理的诠释。止匕外，选
17、择皮肤状态为“已清洁”的图像资料数据将会添加到数据库里。4. Whichdatadisplayoptionisbestforourpracticetouse?4o哪个数据显示最适合我们的实践使用？Threedatadisplayoptionsareavailabledependingupontheneedsandpreferencesofthepractice,andcaneitherbeselectedfromwithinVISIA,sSessionOptionstaborbyrightclickingonanydatadisplaybarorgraph.三个数据都是有用的，具体的应用取决于
18、实际的需求和实践的偏好。可以从VlSIA的会话选项卡或通过右键点击任何数据图形或图表，选择使用哪个数据来表达分析结果。Percentiles:provideacontexttoevaluateaclient*scomplexionanalysisresultsbypresentingacomparisonoftheindividuasAbsoluteScorestothoseofpeoplewiththesamesex,age,andskintype.Percentilesareusefulinprovidingabaselineassessmentoftheoverallconditiono
19、ftheclient*scomplexion.Percentilescoringwasdevelopedusingadatabaseofseveralhundredthousandindividuals,andallowspatientstounderstandhowtheircomplexionrankscomparedtoothersintheirpeergroup.百分位数：模拟患者目前的肌肤水平在相同条件（同龄同性别同种皮肤类型）的人群中的排名，基于个体分析结果的分值。百分位数有利于提供一个群体肤色的整体状况基线评估。百分位数使用了数十万人的资料数据库，可以让消费客户了解自己的肌肤水平
20、在相同条件人群中所处的位置。FeatureCounts:FeatureCountsprovideacountofthenumberofdiscreteinstancesofthefeaturebeingevaluated,withoutregardtothesizeorintensityofeachinstance.FeatureCountscanbeusedtotracktreatmentprogresswhenareductioninthenumberofdiscreteinstancesofaparticularfeatureisdesired.特征计数：提供了特定皮肤特征的总数量，不考
21、虑每个离散皮损的大小或强度。需要应用离散皮损个数的减少来说明情况好转时，特征计数可用于追踪治疗进展。AbsoluteScores:AbsoluteScoresprovideacomprehensivemeasurementoftheimpactthatthefeaturehasontheclientscomplexion.AbsoluteScoresfactorinthetotalsizeandareaaswellasintensityofdetectedinstancesofthefeaturebeinganalyzed.AbsoluteScorescanbeusedtotracktreat
22、mentprogresswhenthesizeandintensityofinstancesofafeaturearethemostrelevantindicatoroftreatmenteffectiveness.分值：是一个综合考察指标，对客户特定皮损进行全面的衡量，把皮损的总面积、密度，以及强度作为考察因素。分值可以用于追踪治疗进展，是说明疗效最相关的指标。5. WhatclinicalmethodswereusedtovalidateVISIA?VISIA得到哪些临床方法验证？ThecomplexionanalysissoftwareusedinVISIAwasdevelopedini
23、tiallybyProcter&Gambleinthelate1990sasananalyticaltoolfortheirresearchanddevelopmentprograms.Since1998,thecomplexionanalysissoftwarehasundergoneextensivelabandfield-testing.P&GlicensedthetechnologyexclusivelytoCanfieldin2001,andsincethenCanfieldhasmadesignificantinvestmentstocontinuouslyimproveandex
24、panditsapplication.TheVISIAcomplexionanalysisalgorithmsthemselvesaresupportedbyanextensivesetofresearchpapersdescribingtheanalysistechniquesandresultsacrossvariousskintypes.VISIA皮肤分析软件最初是宝洁公司在20世纪90年代后期开发出来的,作为宝洁公司产品研发的分析工具。1998年起，这套分析软件经历了广泛的实验室和实地测试。2001年宝洁公司将专利权授予Canfield公司，Canfield公司自得到专利授权后，投入了
25、巨大的资源用于继续完善和扩大这套软件的功能。对于VISIA分析算法本身，大量的研究报告描述了这种分析技术在各种皮肤类型的人群中应用，认可VISIA皮肤分析技术。6. WhatisthewavelengthusedfortheUVphotography?什么是紫外线摄影所使用的波长？J”ThewavelengthusedbytheUVflashesis365nm(peak).紫外线闪光灯所使用的波长为365纳米(峰值)。7. Whyisnttheporphyrincountreducedaftercleansing?Thereareseveralreasonswhytheporphyrincou
26、ntforaparticularclientmaynotbereduced,ormayevenincrease,aftercleansingherskin.Sometypesofpaperusedtodrythefaceaftercleaninghaveahighcontentoflintparticles.LintwillactuallyfluoresceunderUVlight.Insomesituations,thetrueporphyrinfluorescenceofaninitialimagecouldbequenchedbysomethingthatthesubjecthadonh
27、erfaceandthen,afterremovalofthisinterferingagent,ahigherleveloffluorescencecouldbeobserved.Cleansingtheskinwithanormaleverydayfacialcleanserisprobablynotgoingtochangethetruenumberofporesthatshowporphyrinfluorescence.Ithasbeenreportedthatwashingwithacleansercontainingbenzoylperoxidewill,overtime,redu
28、cethenumberofpores.Usingstripsorotherdevicestophysicallyremovethecontentsoftheporeswillhelptoreducethefluorescenceaswell.临床用户的吓咻在皮肤清洁后没有减少，甚至会有增加，有几个原因。皮肤擦干时使用了某些含有大量棉绒颗粒的纸张。棉绒在紫外线下会发出荧光。在某些情况下，实际存在的叶琳荧光因脸部存在的某种物质影响而发生荧光猝灭，在排除了这些干扰因素后，大量的荧光将重新真实呈现出来。使用日常普通洗面奶洗脸不会减少发出叶琳荧光的毛孔数量。据报道，使用含有过氧化苯甲酰清洁剂清洗,随着时
29、间的推移，会减少毛孔荧光数量。使用物理方式清除毛孔内容物，也会将有助于减少毛孔的荧光。8. Istherecorrelationbetweenporphyrinsandsundamage?叶琳和日晒损伤有没有相互关系？AccordingtoGregHillebrand,Ph.D.,arecognizedsubjectmatterexpertatP&Gonthesubject,theremaybearealcorrelationbetweentheamountofporphyrinsandskinagingasdescribedinthefollowingtechnicalexcerptthat
30、offersthebestunderstandingwehavetodayonthematter:Inpilosebaceousfollicles,porphyrinsareproducedbypropionibacteriumacnes(P.acnes)thatarenormalinhabitantsofthehumanskinandthepilosebaceousducts.PorphyrinsarehighlyfluorescentporescontainingP.acnesandtheassociatedporphyrinsappearred-orangewhenfacialskini
31、silluminatedwithlongwavelengthUVAradiation.TheintensityofthefollicularfluorescenceanditsextentoffacialinvolvementisknowntobeproportionaltothedensityofP.acnes.Porphyrinfluorescenceappearsfirstonthenoseandchin,andthenincreasesinincidencethroughadulthoodanddeclinesaftertheageof50,possiblyreflectingther
32、ateofsebumsecretion.PorphyrinsmayalsohavecytotoxicandComedogenicpotential.Withexposuretothesun,porphyrinscanreleasesingletoxygenthatinturncanoxidizelipids(lipidperoxidation)intheskinyieldingirritatingandcytotoxiclipidperoxidesthatcancauseskindamage.Thus,thepresenceofporphyrinsinthefollicularporesmay
33、enhanceoracceleratehyper-pigmentation,wrinklingandothersignsofphoto-agingbysunexposure.据格GregHillebrand,Ph.D.,P&G专家，吓琳的数量和肌肤年龄可能存在相关性，以下技术摘录可以帮助我们最好的理解这个问题。在皮脂腺内，叶琳是由座疮丙酸杆菌产生的，座疮丙酸杆菌在人类皮肤和毛囊皮脂腺导管中是普遍存在的。面部皮肤被长波长的UVA照射时，含有座疮丙酸杆菌的毛孔会发出很强的荧光，吓琳会显露橘红色。毛囊内荧光的强度和在面部的分布范围，与座疮丙酸杆菌的感染严重程度成比例关系。吓琳荧光主要出现在鼻子和下巴，成年发生率升高，在50岁后开始下降，可能反映了皮脂分泌率。叶琳可能有细胞毒性和粉刺的潜力。暴露在阳光下，叶琳可以释放氧气，可以氧化脂质(脂质过氧化)产生脂质过氧化物，可引起皮肤损伤。因此，毛囊内的叶琳在阳光的作用下，可以增加或加速色素沉着，皱纹和其它光老化现象。
