中考英语短文填空解题技巧.pdf
短文填空解题技巧 一、解题基本步骤 （一）跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意。 注意：重视首尾句；记叙文抓故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事物。 （二）复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。 先易后难 易：固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构 难：名词、动词、形容词、副词，注意 联系上下文 （三）三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。 内容：上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章。 语法：语法结构是否正确无误。 二、具体解题技巧 （一）考虑该空填什么词性 1、名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法 表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。 强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者 was；最好不要根据some、 any、a lot of 等词去作判断，以免受误导。 1）可数名词如何变“ 复数形式 ” ： a一般情况下，直接加-s，如： book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 。 b以 s. x. sh. ch结尾，加 -es，如： bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 。 c以 “ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y为i, 再加 -es，如： family-families, strawberry-strawberries。 d以 “f或fe ”结尾，变 f或fe为v, 再加 -es，如： knife-knives ， thief-thieves 。 e以 “ o”结尾的词，一般直接加s，mango除外： mango-mangoes。 f不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2）不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词 之间加上 “ 量词 +of” 。例如： a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice 2、形容词、副词：比较等级的用法 形容词、副词比较级的规则变化如下： （1）一般直接 +er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 单音节词如果以-e结尾，只加 -r。如：late - later （2）重读闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个字母， 再加 -er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为 i，再加 -er。如： heavy - heavier, early - earlier （4）双音节和多音节词的比较级应在原级前加more构成。如： beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting （5）有些不规则变化的，须逐一加以记忆。 如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder One of the 84 differenc es between Chinese restaurants and western ones is that I thought I was the _78_ unlucky person in the world. 3、代词：单复数、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、不定代词等的用法 关系代词which 、that、who、whom 、what、when、while、how 反身代词myself、yourself, themselves、ourselves 指示代词this、that、those、these 不定代词some，any，all ，none，both，either，neither，each， every，other， another， much，many，few， little ，one about 350 million Chinese smoke. Among79 , 50 million are teenagers. Whenever I got angry or sad, he would help _82_ to cool down. Here are some ideas about 77 to eat healthily. In a western restaurant，each person usually asks for their 82 food or dishes and eats 83 they ask for Most American parents let their sons or daughters make friends by 85 . American like to spend 79 than they have. I believe you can find 86 other ways besides these. 4、连词：并列与从属连词的用法 1）从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类： 时间从句when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 条件从句if, unless, supposing, provided(ing), suppose, 目的从句in order that, so that, that, so, lest, 结果从句sothat, suchthat, so that, so 原因从句because, as, since 让步从句although, though, even though(if), while 方式从句as, like, the way, as if, as though 地点从句where, wherever 比较从句than, as I was so angry _79_ I hit him in the face.
